Deck 9: Sexual Orientations

Question 1

Ruth is romantically involved with another woman. Frank believes Ruth sees herself as lesbian because she has not yet experienced a satisfactory relationship with a man. Frank is endorsing . . . ​

A)gay affirmation theory .
B)the "by default" myth.
C)the seduction myth.
D)Freud's theory of sexual orientation.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Individuals who are primarily heterosexual and have some degree of sexual interest in and/or experience with the same sex are referred to as ​

A)asexual.
B)sexually fluid.
C)homoflexible.
D)heteroflexible.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is the BEST description of the seduction myth? ​

A)Unpleasant experiences with partners of the other sex will sometimes result in a person becoming sexually interested in the other gender.
B)People become sexually oriented towards their own gender because they have been seduced by older LGB individuals.
C)A distant relationship with his father and an overly close relationship with his mother might result in a man becoming gay.
D)A gay or lesbian orientation may result from gender nonconforming play in childhood and subsequent attraction in adulthood to partners who differ from the preferred sex of our childhood playmates.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Data from more than 3,600 research subjects showed that high sex drive in women who identified themselves as heterosexual was associated with . . . ​

A)increased sexual attraction to both men and women.
B)increased sexual attraction to men only.
C)increased sexual attraction to women only.
D)decreased sexual attraction to both men and women.

Question 5

Tuan identifies his sexual orientation as bisexual. Tuan . . . ​

A)is more likely to disclose his sexual orientation to the important people in his life than a gay or lesbian individual.
B)is more likely than a gay or heterosexual man to disclose his sexual orientation to his health care providers.
C)may feel he does not fit in with either the gay or the straight community.
D)most likely is actually gay, but does not feel able to accept this about himself.

Question 6

Which of the following is the BEST definition of the term homosexual? ​

A)Someone who has sex with others of their own gender.
B)Someone who is sexually, emotionally, and socially attracted to a member of their same gender.
C)Anyone who has had at least one sexual encounter with someone of their same gender.
D)Anyone who is not heterosexual.

Question 7

A person who finds intelligence to be the most sexually attractive feature in others could be termed . . . ​

A)gay.
B)lesbian.
C)asexual.
D)sapiosexual.

Question 8

Although Trina is not particularly attracted to other women, she agrees to perform oral sex on one of her boyfriend's female friends after her boyfriend repeatedly asks her to do this. Trina . . ​

A)most likely is bisexual.
B)has engaged in performative bisexuality.
C)could be termed pansexual.
D)most likely is lesbian.

Question 9

Research on sexual fluidity suggests . . . ​

A)males display greater sexual fluidity than females.
B)females display greater sexual fluidity than males.
C)patterns of sexual orientation are remarkably stable over the life span.
D)there are no significant gender differences in sexual fluidity.

Question 10

Mrs. Bryant hears from a neighbor that her son's English teacher, Mr. Klein, is gay. Mrs. Bryant worries Mr. Klein will persuade her son and his classmates to become gay. This theory regarding the cause of same-gender sexual attraction is called . . . ​

A)the "by default" myth.
B)seduction theory.
C)Freud's theory of sexual orientation.
D)Hochester's theory.

Question 11

According to the Asexual Visibility and Education Network, an asexual is someone who . . . ​

A)has chosen to be celibate.
B)masturbates and has sexual fantasies, but is not involved in partner activity.
C)opposes sexual activity.
D)does not experience sexual attraction.

Question 12

About ______ of women and ______ of men identify as gay or lesbian.

A)13%; 5.2%.
B)0.5%; 0.1%.
C)1.1%; 1.7%.
D)20%; 10%.

Question 13

Lisa Diamond uses the term sexual fluidity to describe . . . ​

A)variability in same-sex and other-sex attraction at various times throughout the life span.
B)variability in sexual desire over the life span.
C)the Kinsey continuum.
D)variations in sexual development.

Question 14

Bob, who is male, has mostly been involved in sexual relationships with men, but Bob has had a few sexual encounters with women also. Bob's rating on the Kinsey scale would be . . . ​

A)5.
B)3.
C)1.
D)8.

Question 15

"He just needs to find the right woman" is a statement that reflects ​

A)the implication that biology is destiny.
B)Freud's theory.
C)the seduction myth.
D)the "by default" myth.

Question 16

According to Sigmund Freud, a male becomes sexually oriented toward other males if . . . ​

A)his relationship with his father is poor and he is too close to his mother .
B)as a young adolescent, he is seduced into a sexual relationship by an older male .
C)his relationship with his mother is poor and he is too close to his father .
D)he develops what Freud termed "vagina envy."

Question 17

Marisol identifies her sexual orientation as lesbian. Marisol . . .

A)is no more likely than a heterosexual female to have biological relatives who identify as gay or lesbian .
B)likely reports feeling some attraction to males as well.
C)compared to heterosexual females, is less likely to report feeling satisfied in her relationships .
D)by definition does not feel any sexual attraction to males.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about a person who is gay or lesbian is FALSE? ​

A)A man or woman who is primarily gay or lesbian and has some sexual interest in the opposite sex is called homoflexible.
B)Lesbians or gay males who refer to themselves as "queer" have a low self-concept.
C)A person may be in a heterosexual marriage, have children, and still be homosexual.
D)LGBTQ is an inclusive acronym used to describe nonheterosexual people.

Question 19

Neil is a gay male. Neil . . . ​

A)likely first became sexually interested in males after having a sexual experience with an older male at some point in late adolescence .
B)likely became aware of his sexual orientation before puberty .
C)most likely was raised by a gay or lesbian parent .
D)probably first became sexually attracted to males after having very negative sexual experiences with females .

Question 20

Anne is a female, and has had about as many sexual experiences with women as she has with men. Anne's rating on the Kinsey scale would be . . . ​

A)5.
B)3.
C)0.
D)1.

Question 21

Concordance refers to

A)the degree to which identical twins are dissimilar in terms of a particular trait.
B)the degree to which people raised in the same household disagree with each other.
C)the degree to which identical twins are alike in terms of a particular trait.
D)a measure of gender nonconformity.

Question 22

What can be concluded from research examining Freud's theory of sexual orientation?

A)Gay men tend to come from families with a domineering mother and absent father.
B)Lesbians are more likely than heterosexual women to have identified with their father.
C)No particular family life pattern is associated with developing a heterosexual or same-gender orientation.
D)Penis envy is typically found among lesbians with poor father-daughter relationships.

Question 23

According to Bell's research . . . ​

A)most people become gay or lesbian after having poor experiences in heterosexual relationships.
B)most gay or lesbian people have their first same-gender sexual experience with someone close to their own age.
C)sexual orientation appears to be influenced primarily by childhood experiences and relationships with parents.
D)gay and lesbian individuals are as likely as heterosexuals to enjoy dating the opposite gender during high school.

Question 24

In ancient Greece, sexual activity between a man and a boy . . . ​

A)was punishable by death.
B)was tolerated but certainly not encouraged.
C)was considered a superior intellectual and spiritual expression of love.
D)was much less desirable than sexual activities that could lead to procreation.

Question 25

In a study of over 1,500 pairs of twins, Bailey et al. found ​

A)a markedly high concordance rate for same-sex fraternal twin pairs.
B)strong evidence of a genetic component to sexual orientation in some individuals.
C)weak evidence, at best, of a genetic component to sexual orientation.
D)a markedly low concordance rate for nontwin siblings.

Question 26

Research into the development of sexual orientation . . . ​

A)is relatively easier to conduct than research into other variations in human behavior.
B)is assisted by the fact that the large majority of researchers define the categories of sexual orientation in a consistent manner.
C)may overestimate the differences between people of various sexual orientations because people who do not fit neatly into one category or the other may not be included in research samples.
D)has been very consistent with regards to biological causes.

Question 27

In ancient Greece, heterosexuality provided ​

A)strong warriors and hunters.
B)the pragmatic benefits of children and a family unit.
C)superior intellectual expression of love.
D)spiritual expression of love.

Question 28

Which of the following BEST summarizes the research conducted into the causes of sexual orientation? ​

A)While many studies have been conducted, it is still unclear as to what determines sexual orientation.
B)The large majority of studies indicate that sexual orientation has an entirely biological basis.
C)The majority of studies support the theory that sexual orientation is learned.
D)The majority of studies support the theory that sexual orientation is a choice.

Question 29

Which of the following regarding the relationship between sexual orientation and the timing of puberty is true?

A)Gay and bisexual males tend to go through puberty significantly later than heterosexual males.
B)Bisexual and lesbian females tend to go through puberty later than heterosexual females.
C)Gay and bisexual males tend to go through puberty earlier than heterosexual males.
D)There is no indication of a relationship between the timing of puberty and sexual orientation.

Question 30

Which of the following statements by men is NOT an example of gender nonconformity? ​

A)"I hated physical education and sports."
B)"I liked hiking and being outdoors."
C)"I was fond of pretty things like ribbons and flowers and music."
D)"I was more emotional. Things upset me more than they did the other guys."

Question 31

In the Sambian society of New Guinea, ​

A)same-gender sexual activity between women is considered to be a spiritual expression of love.
B)men believe that a prepubertal boy becomes a strong warrior by drinking as much semen as possible.
C)women are required to engage in same-sex relationships before they are eligible to marry.
D)same-gender sexual activities of any kind are strictly forbidden.

Question 32

To better understand the relative influences of social environment (nurture)and genetic makeup (nature), researchers often use ​

A)hormonal studies.
B)​positron e mission tomography (PET)technology.
C)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)technology.
D)twin studies.

Question 33

Research into brain anatomy has found . . .

A)widespread differences between the brains of gay and heterosexual males.
B)similarities in brain structures related to language and emotional expression for gay men and heterosexual women.
C)significantly less brain volume for heterosexuals vs. gays and lesbians.
D)no difference between the brains of heterosexuals and gays and lesbians.

Question 34

Gender nonconformity in childhood . . . ​

A)is related to adult same-gender sexual orientation for females but not for males.
B)is related to adult same-gender sexual orientation for males but not for females.
C)is related to adult same-gender sexual orientation for both males and females.
D)has no correlation with adult sexual orientation.

Question 35

Investigations of sexual orientation and handedness SUGGEST

A)that there is no relationship between sexual orientation and handedness.
B)that being left-handed causes someone to become gay or lesbian.
C)a correlation between handedness and sexual orientation.
D)schools should try to teach "lefties" to use their right hands.

Question 36

In several research studies, the incidence of same-gender sexual orientation was greater for those siblings of a gay male who were ​

A)an identical twin.
B)a fraternal twin.
C)an adoptive brother.
D)a half-brother.

Question 37

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between sexual orientation and having older siblings? ​

A)Research consistently finds a strong relationship between having older siblings and being a gay male.
B)Research consistently finds a strong relationship between having older siblings and being lesbian, but no such relationship has been found for gay males.
C)People with older siblings are significantly more likely to be heterosexual than gay or lesbian.
D)Some studies have found a relationship between having older siblings and being a gay male, although other studies have not.

Question 38

When identical twins are more likely to have an attribute in common than same-sex fraternal twins, we can conclude that . . . ​

A)the common attribute has at least some genetic basis.
B)the common attribute has no genetic basis.
C)there is a low concordance between the twins.
D)the attribute is primarily determined by social factors.

Question 39

Research suggesting that the causes of sexual orientation are biological . . . ​

A)has not changed the opinions of most Americans, who strongly believe that a gay or lesbian sexual orientation is a choice.
B)appears to have increased acceptance of LGB individuals.
C)has not increased support for the gay rights movement.
D)has nearly always been severely flawed, and thus has been rejected by the scientific community.

Question 40

Research by Alan Bell and his colleagues on the family backgrounds of gay and lesbians has . . . ​

A)found that family relationships affect sexual orientation for women but not men.
B)confirmed the pattern of a dominant, overprotective mother leading to a same-gender sexual orientation.
C)confirmed the pattern of an abusive, violent father leading to a same-gender sexual orientation.
D)found that no particular phenomenon of family life is especially consequential to the development of sexual orientation.

Question 41

Raheem is attracted to other males, which causes him distress because his religious tradition does not accept same-gender sexual behavior. Raheem seeks out therapy with Tolu, a psychologist in good standing in her professional community, in hopes that Tolu can help him change his sexual orientation. Most likely, Tolu . . . ​

A)will focus on what aspects of Raheem's relationships with his mother and father have caused him to develop an attraction to other males.
B)will tell Raheem that while no effective treatments exist to change sexual orientation, she can help him develop coping skills to manage his distress .
C)will refer Raheem to a medical doctor who can prescribe the correct hormone and/or gene therapy to change his sexual orientation .
D)will begin a course of sexual reorientation therapy with Raheem.

Question 42

Countries that are most supportive of LGB rights tend to have ​

A)low levels of economic development.
B)high levels of religiousness.
C)high levels of economic development. ​
D)low levels of education.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a Christian denomination that is relatively accepting of LGB parishioners? ​

A)The Episcopal Church.
B)The Southern Baptist Convention .
C)The United Church of Christ.
D)The Evangelical Lutheran Church .

Question 44

The majority of counselors and therapists working with LGB clients typically . . . ​

A)refer them to programs emphasizing will power and religious conversion.
B)provide hormone therapy in an attempt to change sexual orientation.
C)use aversion therapy in an attempt to alter sexual orientation.
D)work to help clients overcome any internalized negative feelings about their sexual orientation.

Question 45

Thomas Jefferson was among the political leaders who ​

A)was secretly gay.
B)suggested reducing the punishment from death to castration for men who committed homosexual acts.
C)first promoted a rudimentary conversion program for homosexual men who desired to change their sexual orientation.
D)suggested changing the punishment from incarceration to capital punishment for men who had sex with men.

Question 46

Currently, most LBGT asylum seekers in the United States come from Jamaica, Russia, Grenada, Peru, and ​

A)Spain .
B)Argentina .
C)Uzbekistan .
D)South Africa .

Question 47

Therapy to help gay and lesbian clients cope with negative societal attitudes is known as ​

A)psychotherapy.
B)conversion therapy.
C)gay-affirmative therapy.
D)sexual reorientation therapy.

Question 48

In the original American colonies, what would likely happen to a person who was known to engage in same-gender sexual behavior? ​

A)He/she would be expected to live as the other gender within the community.
B)He/she would be accepted.
C)He/she would be put to death, probably either by drowning or burning.
D)The person's behavior would be ignored.

Question 49

All of the following are part of the definition of homophobia EXCEPT ​

A)irrational fears of same gender attraction in others.
B)the fear of feelings of same gender attraction within oneself.
C)self-loathing because of one's same-gender attraction.
D)self-loathing because of one's gender dysphoria.

Question 50

Same-gender sexual activity is illegal in more than 70 countries and punishable by death in five, many of which are located in . . . ​

A)Western Europe .
B)East Asia .
C)South America .
D)the Middle East.

Question 51

Among the Pashtun tribe in Afghanistan . . . ​

A)same-gender sexual activity is forbidden.
B)a significant percentage of males identify as gay.
C)men predominantly have sex with prepubertal boys and other adult men .
D)homosexuality is defined as the use of another male for sexual gratification .

Question 52

Which of the following is true regarding current attitudes of Christians toward same-gender sexual behavior? ​

A)Christian groups are unanimous in their condemnation of gays and lesbians.
B)Christian groups are unanimous in their support of gays and lesbians, accepting them both as members and as clergy .
C)Sexual orientation is not discussed much among Christian groups .
D)Attitudes toward sexual orientation vary greatly among Christian groups .

Question 53

In the 19th century, same-gender sexual behavior came to be seen as . . . ​

A)a harmless variation in human experience.
B)sinful, replacing the view up to that point that same-gender sexual behavior was a sign of mental illness.
C)preferable to other-gender sexual behavior given the concern about world overpopulation.
D)a mental illness.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is TRUE? ​

A)The American Psychiatric and Psychological Associations categorize homosexuality as a mental illness, although few counselors and therapists regard it as such.
B)Changing one's sexual orientation can been highly successful if a combination of cognitive, behavioral, and psychodynamic therapy is used.
C)In working with LGB clients, therapists often try to help them love and live in a society that still harbors considerable hostility toward them.
D)Although there is no evidence that sexual orientation can be changed, psychotherapy can be useful to help people suppress their homosexual urges.

Question 55

T he belief that heterosexuality is superior to a gay, lesbian, or bisexual orientation is called . . . ​

A)heterophilia.
B)heterosexism.
C)heteronormization.
D)homophilia.

Question 56

Throughout history, which of the following has NOT been used in an attempt to "cure" homosexuality? ​

A)Lobotomy
B)Psychotherapy
C)Castration
D)Gender reassignment surgery

Question 57

In Cuba today . . . ​

A)same-gender sexual activity is punishable by death.
B)anyone discovered to be gay or lesbian is expelled from the Communist Party and from state and university jobs.
C)LGB individuals are not persecuted, but transgender individuals are deported.
D)the government advocates for gay rights.

Question 58

In the seventh century BCE, Jewish religious leaders sought to establish the uniqueness of their religion by ​

A)glorifying religious rituals involving a range of sexual orientations and behavior.
B)rejecting religious rituals involving same gender sexual activities.
C)legitimizing sexual behaviors other than intercourse for sexual gratification and pleasure.
D)advocating female supremacy.

Question 59

Conversion therapy or s exual reorientation therapy . . . ​

A)is primarily used to change sexual orientation from straight to gay.
B)is illegal in some states due to concerns it may contribute to depression and thoughts of suicide in participants .
C)successfully changes sexual orientation from gay to straight for 90% of participant .
D)has been embraced by the gay community as a useful method for helping many gay and lesbian individuals achieve their personal goals.

Question 60

Countries that protect LBG rights are mostly found in . . . ​

A)Europe .
B)the Caribbean.
C)the Middle East.
D)Africa .

Question 61

According to your text, attitudes toward LGB individual can change as a result of ​

A)deliberate effort.
B)experience.
C)education.
D)All of the above may produce changes in attitudes.

Question 62

Nathan, who is gay, has been drafted into the Army. When members of his unit ask him to go with them to a bar to pick up women, Nathan turns them down. One of the men tells the others he believes Nathan is gay, and several of them physically assault Nathan. According to your text, Nathan's attackers most likely were motivated by any of the following EXCEPT . . . ​

A)discomfort with their own feelings of attraction towards males.
B)their perception that Nathan does not conform to traditional gender roles.
C)religious teachings that homosexuality is wrong.
D)the fact that they feel comfortable with their own masculinity.

Question 63

Most perpetrators of antigay hate crimes claim that the primary motivation for their violence is/are ​

A)fear they were about to be attacked.
B)economic frustration.
C)the perception that being gay, lesbian, or bisexual violates male gender norms.
D)feeling rejected by their victim.

Question 64

Sodomy laws . . . ​

A)criminalized anal but not oral sex.
B)technically applied to anyone who engaged in anal or oral sex, but were usually enforced only against LGB individuals.
C)began to appear in the United States only in the 1950s.
D)exist in some European countries but have never been on passed in the United States.

Question 65

A term used for maintaining the false image of heterosexuality is ​

A)passing.
B)coming out.
C)masquerading.
D)primary self-deception.

Question 66

Homophobia . . . ​

A)rarely impacts the lives of LGB individuals anymore.
B)may involve discrimination and unpleasant verbal comments, but rarely if ever provokes people to commit acts of violence against LGB individuals.
C)has declined significantly in the United States in recent years.
D)is a myth.

Question 67

Forty years before World War II, the first organization promoting education about same-gender sexual orientation and the abolition of laws against same-gender sexual activity was founded in ​

A)Germany .
B)Italy .
C)Japan .
D)France .

Question 68

Which of the following statements concerning the Stonewall incident is FALSE? ​

A)It was the symbolic birth of gay activism.
B)It is named after a gay bar that was raided by the police.
C)It took place shortly after World War II ended.
D)It promoted the formation of various gay rights organizations.

Question 69

Which is NOT one of the goals of the gay rights movement? ​

A)Decriminalization of private sexual behavior
B)Reducing discrimination against the LGB community
C)Positive rights for LGB individuals
D)Persuading people to change their sexual orientation

Question 70

Yashiko has gay friends. During conversations with them, she says that she accepts them, but still believes that their homosexual behavior is abnormal and unnatural. Yashiko's attitude is reflective of ​

A)homophobia.
B)heterophobia.
C)heterosexism.
D)homophilia.

Question 71

Ken recently came out as a gay man. Ken . . . ​

A)is not at increased risk of being a victim of a hate crime .
B)if he lives in the United States, most likely does not have the right to marry another male.
C)is less likely to experience a mental health problem if the state in which he lives protects him from discrimination based on his sexual orientation .
D)likely experiences more jealousy in romantic relationships than heterosexuals.

Question 72

Which of the following ethnic groups tend to be MORE tolerant of same-gender sexual attraction? ​

A)Asian American
B)Native American
C)African American
D)Hispanic American

Question 73

Marriage between same-gender individuals . . . ​

A)is not legal anywhere except for a few Caribbean countries.
B)has not been a major focus of the gay rights movement given that gay and lesbian individuals generally reject the institution of marriage.
C)is legal in an increasing number of countries.
D)is opposed by both the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association due to well-documented evidence that people in same-gender relationships report much less satisfaction than heterosexual couples.

Question 74

Which of the following is true regarding how sexual orientation is portrayed in the media? ​

A)Few if any TV shows or movies have included LGB characters.
B)While gay characters sometimes appear on scripted TV shows, talk shows rarely if ever focus on issues of sexual orientation.
C)T he media have both reflected the changing attitudes toward homosexuality and influenced public awareness and attitudes.
D)While an increasing number of TV shows and movies include gay characters, these portrayals are nearly always negative.

Question 75

Dao, who is 23, identifies himself as a gay male. Dao . . . ​

A)by definition has never had a sexual encounter with a woman.
B)by definition has no intention of marrying a woman.
C)if he marries a woman, is very unlikely to pursue sexual encounters with males as well.
D)is particularly likely to marry a woman if the community in which he lives is rejecting toward LGB individuals.

Question 76

Which of the following is TRUE concerning hate crimes? ​

A)Hate crimes are subject to more severe sentences than other crimes.
B)Federal hate crime law pertains only to attacks motivated by race, color, national origin, or religion.
C)Few members of the LGB community have reported being the victim of a hate crime in recent years.
D)Hate crime laws currently apply to only about half of all U.S. states.

Question 77

Efforts to reduce discrimination based on sexual orientation . . .

A)have succeeded in some U.S. states, but have been opposed by the Obama administration.
B)have been successful in other nations, but not in the United States.
C)are opposed by the majority of the U.S. population.
D)have been very successful in recent years.

Question 78

Negative attitudes toward LGB individuals are associated with all EXCEPT which of the following? ​

A)Authoritarian religious beliefs
B)Traditional gender role beliefs
C)Being male
D)Being younger than 30.

Question 79

Telling jokes that belittle LGB individuals and/or avoiding any behavior that might be interpreted as signaling a gay or lesbian sexual orientation are often manifestations of ​

A)xenophobia.
B)homoerotica.
C)heterophobia.
D)homophobia.

Question 80

Why was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Lawrence et al. v. Texas important to the gay and lesbian community? ​

A)It legalized same-sex marriages in the United States.
B)It overturned a Texas sodomy law.
C)It upheld oral sex laws in Texas.
D)It overturned same-sex marriage laws.