Deck 17: Sexual Coercion

Question 1

The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, released in December 2011, found that almost one in ____ American women has been raped in her lifetime. ​

A)​two
B)​five
C)​ten
D)​twelve

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The belief that "rapists are obviously mentally ill" is . . . ​

A)​true.
B)false, because rapists are no more likely to exhibit mental health problems than nonrapists.
C)potentially dangerous, because it may lull potential victims into a false sense of security.
D)accurate in most cases, and reminds us that many rapists should not be held accountable for their actions.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE? ​

A)According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, about one in 10 American women has been raped in her lifetime.
B)Women from ethnic minority groups are less likely to report being victims of rape than women of European heritage.
C)Rape is the most underreported crime in the United States.
D)Men and women serving in the military are significantly less likely to be victims of sexual assault than civilians.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Sexual violence in India . . .

A)is prosecuted more vigorously than in most nations.
B)is much less common than in Western nations.
C)is considered a crime even if it takes place within marriage, which is not the norm in most Western nations.
D)usually takes place within marriage, often involving victims who are adolescents.

Question 5

Research suggests that rape is often motivated by . . . ​

A)a desire for power and domination.
B)a desire for sexual gratification.
C)anger toward women.
D)All of the above.

Question 6

According to California law, sex cannot be considered consensual . . . ​

A)unless participants have given "affirmative, conscious, and voluntary agreement to engage in sexual activity ."
B)if one of the participants is asleep or unconscious.
C)if one of the participants is incapacitated due to alcohol, drugs, or medication
D)All of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following belief about rape is TRUE? ​

A)Women can always successfully resist a rape attempt.
B)Many rape victims are simply in the wrong place at the wrong time.
C)Rape accusations are often false.
D)Most women secretly want to be raped.

Question 8

All of the following patterns have been identified in relatively "rape free" societies EXCEPT ​

A)women and men share power and authority.
B)women and men contribute equally to the community welfare.
C)physical force is viewed as natural and exemplary.
D)children of both sexes are socialized to avoid violence and aggression and value nurturance.

Question 9

A woman may be reluctant to report having been raped for which of the following reasons? ​

A)She blames herself for what happened.
B)She fears reprisal from the rapist or his family and friends.
C)She wishes to avoid recalling a traumatic event.
D)All of the above.

Question 10

Rapists often had been ____ just before assaulting their victims. ​

A)taking drugs
B)masturbating
C)drinking
D)viewing pornography

Question 11

All of the following are characteristic of men who are more likely to rape EXCEPT ​

A)being self-centered.
B)having greater empathy for the feelings of others.
C)feeling anger toward women.
D)holding traditional gender roles.

Question 12

In the United States, the age at which someone is considered old enough to consent to intercourse . . .

A)varies from state to state.
B)is left up to the discretion of parents.
C)is 18 across all 50 states.
D)is 16 across all 50 states.

Question 13

Intercourse with a person under the age of consent is known as . . . ​

A)acquaintance rape.
B)statutory rape.
C)forcible rape.
D)date rape.

Question 14

Peggy Reeves Sanday's research indicated rape is most common in societies . . . ​

A)in which women have greater economic and political power than men.
B)in which men are more involved in childcare and other activities traditionally seen as "women's work."
C)in which men and women contribute equally to community welfare.
D)which glorify masculine violence, encourage boys to be aggressive and competitive, and view physical force as natural and exemplary.

Question 15

Research examining the physiological responses of rapists and nonrapists to descriptions of rape and consensual sexual activity has found that . . . ​

A)neither rapists nor nonrapists found such descriptions sexually arousing.
B)nonrapists were more aroused than the rapists by descriptions of violent sexual assault.
C)nonrapists are not aroused at all by the descriptions of sexual assault.
D)some, but not all, studies have found that rapists were more aroused by the descriptions of sexual assault than nonrapists.

Question 16

Sexual assaults on college campuses . . . ​

A)tend to be prosecuted more aggressively than assaults committed in other settings.
B)are usually responded to in a manner that is more supportive of victims than assaults committed in other settings.
C)occur less often than in other settings.
D)is likely much more common than available statistics indicate.

Question 17

The FBI now defines rape as . .. ​

A)vaginal-penile intercourse against a female forcibly and against her will.
B)penetration of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without consent of the victim.
C)any unwanted form of sexual contact, including touching of nongenital parts of the body such as the breasts.
D)forcible vaginal, anal, or oral sex against either males or females.

Question 18

People who commit rape . . . ​

A)are more likely to be female than male.
B)have lower rates of alcohol abuse than the general population.
C)tend to have narcissistic personality traits.
D)usually are otherwise well-adjusted.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is FALSE? ​

A)Many U.S. men view aggression as a legitimate means to obtain sexual access to women.
B)Males in rape-prone societies frequently learn that they should seek sex and expect to be successful.
C)Exposure to violent pornography may have negative effects on men's attitudes and behaviors toward women.
D)Men in rape-prone societies frequently have less economic and political power than women, which fuels the anger that is often the motivation for the rape.

Question 20

Boeringer's 1994 study involving exposure to violent pornography found that ​

A)​there is no correlation between watching violent pornography and attitudes toward rape.
B)a strong association exists between watching violent pornography and engaging in sexual coercion.
C)watching any type of pornography is a strong predictor of deviant sexual behavior.
D)exposure to violent pornography is associated with a reduce acceptance of rape myths.

Question 21

An inflated sense of self-importance, an unreasonable sense of entitlement, deficient empathy for others, and exploitive tendencies toward others are all characteristics associated with . . . ​

A)narcissism.
B)depression.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)dependent personality disorder.

Question 22

Victims of acquaintance rape . . . ​

A)often are assaulted during a date.
B)may not consider themselves victims of sexual assault.
C)often are incapacitated by excessive alcohol consumption.
D)All of the above.

Question 23

Relief workers at a refugee camp in eastern Chad, which houses people fleeing the conflict in nearby Darfur, tell a commander of UN peacekeeping forces that they have been treating increasing numbers of rape victims. The UN commander . . . ​

A)should not believe the relief workers, since over 90% of all rape reports are false.
B)can do nothing to help the refugees, because sexual assault is an accepted component of warfare.
C)should begin an investigation, because rape during war can be prosecuted as a war crime.
D)should not be overly concerned, because wartime rape, as opposed to other forms of sexual assault, rarely causes serious psychological effects for its victims.

Question 24

Which of the following is true? ​

A)Many times, there is little or no verbal communication about what people want sexually on a date.
B)Some women report offering "token resistance" so as not to appear promiscuous.
C)Some men believe that if they have been "led on," it's defensible to use force to have sex.
D)All of the above.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT suggested by your text as a way to reduce the risk of stranger rape? ​

A)Take a cell phone with you when you are out alone.
B)Lock your car while you are driving.
C)Never go out alone when it is dark.
D)Carry a device with you for making a loud noise.

Question 26

According to your text, 90% of the rapes of women attending college in the United States could be termed ______ rape. ​

A)acquaintance
B)statutory
C)stranger
D)marital

Question 27

All of the following could reduce a woman's risk of being raped       EXCEPT: ​

A)avoiding being alone with someone you don't know well.
B)letting your date pay for everything.
C)paying attention to signs of dominance in partners.
D)avoiding becoming intoxicated.

Question 28

In wars instigated by ethnic conflict, as in the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and Darfur, mass rape ​

A)is used as a military strategy to terrorize whole populations.
B)may occur as a side effect of the social upheaval caused by war, but is generally discouraged by military commanders.
C)does not actually occur, although warring sides may claim that it has happened to curry sympathy with the international community.
D)is an unavoidable side effect of people from different cultures mixing together.

Question 29

All of the following are drugs that have been used to incapacitate rape victims EXCEPT: ​

A)Fluoxetine.
B)GHB.
C)Special K.
D)Rohypnol.

Question 30

According to the text, each of the following is useful for reducing the risk of acquaintance rape EXCEPT ​

A)using clear, direct communication to establish acceptable boundaries.
B)utilizing a strategy of escalating forcefulness if the sexually coercive behavior continues.
C)assisting in planning the evenings activities.
D)having a few drinks over the course of the evening.

Question 31

A study of rapes or attempted rapes found that ​

A)women who scream, kick, and run were more likely to avoid being raped.
B)women who didn't wear makeup or perfume were more likely to avoid being raped.
C)rapists were more likely to target women whose body language communicated greater self-confidence.
D)women who tried to talk to their assailant experienced greater violence and were less likely to escape.

Question 32

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the incidence of rape in the United States? ​

A)Being raped before the age of 18 greatly increases the chances that a woman will be raped again.
B)Rape victims are rarely younger than 13.
C)Women ages 16 to 24 are the most frequent victims of reported rape .
D)The younger the age of the rape victim, the more likely it is that the perpetrator is a relative or acquaintance.

Question 33

What are the effects of taking the drug Rohypnol? ​

A)aIt acts as an aphrodisiac by increasing vasocongestion in the genital tissue.
B)It inhibits sexual desire by decreasing testosterone in the bloodstream.
C)It produces a sedative effect that lasts for several hours and may also cause varying degrees of amnesia.
D)It increases sexual desire by boosting the level of androgen in the bloodstream.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT recommended for a victim of rape? ​

A)Make note of any physical characteristics of the perpetrator and report these to the police.
B)Do not report attempted assaults, only completed assaults.
C)Seek counseling or an effective treatment program.
D)Remember that she is not to blame for the rape.

Question 35

Women have a higher risk of being victims of rape if they are . . . ​

A)of Native American or Alaska Native background.
B)of higher socioeconomic status.
C)of Hispanic or Asian background .
D)not users of drugs and/or alcohol.

Question 36

An odorless drug that causes sedation and amnesia and is cleared from a person's system in a fairly short period of time is known as . . . ​

A)Benadryl.
B)Rohypnol.
C)Dextroamphetamine.
D)Arginine.

Question 37

Socially determined ways of behaving in sexual situations are known as ​

A)sexual signals.
B)sexual roles.
C)sexual interpretations.
D)sexual scripts.

Question 38

Victims of rape . . . ​

A)by definition are always female.
B)are at significant risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)rarely if ever report being physically injured by the assault.
D)are more likely than victims of other crimes to make a report to the police.

Question 39

Rape during war ​

A)has never been common, because members of society tend to band together when faced with a common threat.
B)is fortunately rare in our present age.
C)has occurred from early history through the present time.
D)Is less likely than other forms of rape to lead to long-term mental health issues for survivors, who tend to receive more support from their communities than other victims of rape.

Question 40

Suppose a woman does NOT want to be sexually coerced on a date. Which of the following is NOT a recommendation of the text to this woman? ​

A)Avoid using alcohol
B)Avoid using drugs
C)Invite the person to your apartment rather than going to his
D)Cover some of the expenses

Question 41

Child sexual is said to have taken place if . . . ​

A)an adult has sexual contact with a child who has not verbalized consent.
B)an adult has sexual contact with a child without the consent of the child's guardian.
C)an adult has sexual contact with a child through force or threat of force.
D)an adult has sexual contact of any kind with a child, regardless of consent or use of force.

Question 42

Child sexual abuse in the United States . . . ​

A)is more likely to be reported than many other crimes.
B)affects up to 33% of girls and as many as 16% of boys.
C)has been increasing in prevalence in the last 20 years.
D)rarely if ever involves male victims.

Question 43

Which of the following types of incest is most common? ​

A)Brother-sister
B)Father-daughter
C)Mother-son
D)Grandfather-granddaughter

Question 44

Suggestions for helping a friend or partner recover from rape include all EXCEPT which one of the following? ​

A)Give comfort.
B)Insist that the victim call a rape hotline or see a counselor.
C)Offer shelter at your home.
D)Let her discuss this as often as she wants.

Question 45

Reasons a victim may be reluctant to report incest include all of the following EXCEPT: ​

A)fear that the family may be disrupted through imprisonment of the perpetrator or out-of-home placement of the children.
B)lack of legal protections, because incest is not against the law in some states.
C)fear that parents will divorce.
D)fear that she will not be believed or be blamed.

Question 46

Which of the following statements concerning pedophiles is TRUE? ​

A)Pedophiles tend to have poor interpersonal and sexual relations with other adults .
B)The victims of pedophiles are typically unknown to them.
C)Most peodophiles are gay males.
D)Males and females are equally likely to be pedophiles.

Question 47

Which of the following statements regarding recovered memories of child sexual abuse is FALSE? ​

A)Numerous studies indicate that false "memories" of events that never occurred can be created in the research lab.
B)The legitimacy of recovered memories has been supported by several research studies.
C)Repressed memories may be inadvertently planted by overzealous or poorly trained psychotherapists.
D)The mental health community is unanimous in its agreement that memories of such dramatic events as sexual abuse victimization cannot be forgotten.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a reason why statistics on the frequency of male rape are hard to obtain? ​

A)Men fear that they will be judged harshly by other men if they report having been raped.
B)Men who report having been raped are viewed negatively by other men.
C)Sexual assault of men is rarely reported in the media.
D)Rape of males rarely if ever occurs.

Question 49

If a friend has been raped, it is important for you to ​

A)talk a lot and provide lots of advice.
B)be skeptical of her account until she proves that the rape occurred.
C)control your own emotions.
D)make decisions for your friend because she is in no shape to make her own.

Question 50

Tactics a father may use to pressure his daughter into an incestuous relationship include . . . ​

A)beginning with playful, not necessarily sexual activities such as wrestling, tickling, and kissing.
B)offering her rewards for complying.
C)claiming that he is teaching her something important.
D)All of the above.

Question 51

Male rape victims . . . ​

A)are more likely than female victims to report their victimization to the authorities .
B)by definition are under the age of 18 .
C)often are assaulted by multiple perpetrators.
D)tend to receive more support than female victims.

Question 52

____ refers to sexual contact between relatives. ​

A)Marital rape
B)Incest
C)Statutory rape
D)Misegenation

Question 53

Which of the following is MORE likely to be reported to authorities than other varieties of incest? ​

A)Father-daughter sexual abuse
B)Brother-sister sexual abuse
C)First-cousin contacts
D)Grandfather-daughter sexual abuse

Question 54

Some evidence suggests that the man who engages in father-daughter incest tends to be ​

A)suspicious of religion.
B)a nondrinker.
C)of above-average income.
D)emotionally immature.

Question 55

Several studies of adults for whom child sexual abuse as children had been reported and substantiated found that ​

A)the victims remembered the abuse more accurately as adults than they had as children.
B)a sizable proportion had been amnesic of their abuse for a period of time.
C)almost all remembered the abuse, casting doubt on the recovered memory hypothesis.
D)nearly all victims had repressed their memories of trauma.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT true concerning sexual response during a rape? ​

A)Sexual responses do not occur unless the woman is enjoying it to some extent.
B)Even orgasms sometimes occur during rape.
C)Sexual responses are confusing and anxiety-provoking to the victims when they occur.
D)Sexual responses may be considered normal physiological reactions.

Question 57

The concept of a "recovered memory" refers to . . . ​

A)memories of trauma that are repressed initially then remembered by a victim years later.
B)false memories of a trauma that never occurred, but that are accidentally created by a therapist who is convinced the person's mental health difficulties must be due to sexual abuse.
C)false claims of abuse victimization by someone who wishes to embarrass or retaliate against the alleged perpetrator.
D)memories of an earlier trauma that have remained consistent from the time of the event to the present.

Question 58

Sexual assault in prison . . . ​

A)​is rare.
B)is estimated to affect almost one in five prison inmates.
C)usually involves perpetrators who identify as gay.
D)is perpetrated by inmates, never by guards.

Question 59

Pedophiles . . . ​

A)by definition are male.
B)rarely if ever are economically successful members of society.
C)tend to have distorted ideas about adult-child sex, such as that a child who does not resist desires sexual contact.
D)are actually less likely than non-offenders to have histories of childhood sexual victimization themselves.

Question 60

A partner can be MOST helpful to a rape survivor by ​

A)making decisions for her/him in terms of how to deal with the assault.
B)having sex soon after the assault to reassure the survivor that he/she is still attracted to her/him.
C)listening to her/him.
D)apologizing to her/him for not being there to protect her/him.

Question 61

One of the most important aspects of abuse prevention is to convey the message to children that ​

A)there are men out there who may try to exploit them in some way.
B)someone they know may attempt to fondle their genitals.
C)they should be wary of any adult they don't know who tries to talk to them.
D)private touching can be very pleasurable between adults who love and trust each other.

Question 62

A Swedish study discussed in your text found that sexually abused children are markedly more likely to disclose the abuse to a ​

A)neighbor than to a parent.
B)nanny than to a parent.
C)teacher than to a parent.
D)friend their own age than to an adult.

Question 63

According to your text, pedophiles are LESS likely to victimize children who . . . ​

A)appear to have lower self-esteem.
B)they do not know.
C)say "no" and/or threaten to tell a specific adult.
D)seem socially isolated.

Question 64

Child molestation is unlikely to be reported for a number of reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these? ​

A)The offender may be a family friend.
B)The legal system is reluctant to investigate allegations of child molestation.
C)The parents may not want to expose the child to stressful legal proceedings.
D)The parents may not believe the child.

Question 65

Pedophiles using cyberspace . . . ​

A)are preventing from having contact with children by software filters.
B)are preventing from having contact with children by " guards" who monitor kids-only chat rooms .
C)can legally own or sell computer-created images of children engaged in sex, provided that no real children are shown or "composited" into a sex scene.
D)overwhelmingly are male rather than female.

Question 66

What is the primary reason for the controversy about what constitutes a hostile or offensive environment? ​

A)The "reasonable person" standard is highly subjective, leading to a large gray area.
B)The majority of other members of the workplace must agree that the conduct made the environment uncomfortable.
C)The offensive speech must be followed by inappropriate touching to be considered offensive.
D)Witnesses must vouch for the victim to constitute offensive behavior.

Question 67

According to Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, u nwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when . . . ​

A)submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual's employment .
B)submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as a basis for employment decisions affecting the individual.
C)such conduct unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.
D)All of the above.

Question 68

Thomas has routinely declined invitations to go bar-hopping from Kathy, his boss. During his performance review, Kathy mentions that even though the quality of his work is satisfactory, he isn't much of a "team player." At the end of the review, Kathy invites him out for drinks again. How would this scenario BEST be viewed? ​

A)A friendly invite to a team-building exercise from a coworker
B)Kathy's attempt to get to know Thomas better
C)Quid pro quo sexual harassment
D)A hostile work environment

Question 69

Victims of childhood sexual abuse have a higher risk of all of the following EXCEPT: ​

A)suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder.
B)experiencing sexual difficulties in adulthood.
C)being overly trusting of others.
D)using inconsistent or harsh discipline with their children .

Question 70

Which of the following statements best reflects the position of the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association regarding recovered memories of sexual abuse? ​

A)Both agree that the large majority of victims of abuse repress memories of their trauma.
B)Both agree that the majority of recovered memories were implanted by therapists.
C)Both agree that forgotten memories can be recovered in later life.
D)Neither organization has issued a position on this controversial issue.

Question 71

Aliyah is the only female member of a unit in training to become Navy Seals. The other members of Aliyah's unit, who are all her rank or lower, often make sexual comments about her body and refer to her by terms that are very disrespectful to women. Aliyah suspects these men are trying to get her out of the unit, either by causing her to quit or by distracting and upsetting her so badly that she cannot successfully complete the physical and mental tasks required of her. The members of Aliyah's unit seem to be engaging in . . . ​

A)quid pro quo sexual harassment. ​
B)hostile environment sexual harassment.
C)stalking.
D)men's real sexual harassment.

Question 72

The two types of sexual harassment as defined by the guidelines issued by the EEOC are ​

A)verbal and physical harassment.
B)offensive statements and sexual assault .
C)quid pro quo and hostile or offensive environment.
D)other gender and same gender.

Question 73

Teri was a victim of sexual abuse in childhood. Teri . . . ​

A)by definition is female .
B)is at increased risk of suffering from a substance use disorder .
C)likely was victimized by a stranger .
D)by definition was physically coerced or threatened into sexual activity with the perpetrator .

Question 74

Which of the following are factors cited in your text as to why a child might delay disclosing abuse? ​

A)Fear of retribution
B)Feelings of shame
C)Fear of abandonment
D)All of these

Question 75

The text gives suggestions for parents to help prevent child sexual abuse. Which of the following is NOT one of these suggestions? ​

A)Present information to children when they are still very young.
B)Avoid discussing sexual topics to make it clear that such things are inappropriate for children.
C)Discuss with children some tactics adults might use to gain compliance with their sexual demands.
D)Encourage children to believe that they have the right to control their bodies and the right to say no when a type of touch makes them uncomfortable .

Question 76

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits ​

A)sexual harassment in the workplace.
B)rape.
C)incest.
D)pedophilia.

Question 77

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the use of cyberspace by pedophiles? ​

A)The Communications Decency Act now regulates indecent mail sent over the Internet to minors.
B)The main responsibility for protecting children from internet pedophiles lies with parents.
C)Online pedophile chat groups have reduced the social isolation of this group, providing them with opportunities to share child pornography and validate each other's abusive acts .
D)Even with blocking software, children may still communicate with pedophiles in chat rooms.

Question 78

Victims are more likely to have difficulty recovering from childhood sexual abuse if . . . ​

A)they are older at the time the abuse takes place.
B)they are the same age as the perpetrator.
C)they do not feel responsible for the abuse.
D)the abuse takes place for a long period of time.

Question 79

Which of the following should parents NOT do if their child tells them that he or she has been abused? ​

A)Give the alleged perpetrator a second chance before reporting to the police.
B)Stay calm while talking to the child.
C)Make sure the child is protected from further opportunities for abuse.
D)Report the offender to the police even if it is a relative.

Question 80

Talking to a child about okay vs. not okay touches . . . ​

A)could use the idea of a bathing suit to help children understand what parts of the body are of concern.
B)should make it clear that certain parts of the body should never be touched.
C)is not likely to reduce the risk of a child being sexually victimized.
D)does not need to include any discussion of kissing.