Deck 24: Nationalism, Revolution, and Dictatorship: Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America From 1919 to 1939

Question 1

What were the most important components of Mustafa Kemal's reform program? What kind of Turkish nation did he hope to build?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What were the key elements of Chiang Kai-shek's reform program?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

What were the key factors behind Japanese economic growth in the early twentieth century?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

What was the New Cultural Movement and what impact did it have on China's development?

Question 5

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Amritsar massacre

Question 6

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Government of India Act

Question 7

How did Latin American literature reflect the relationship between the region and the United States?

Question 8

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
satyagraha

Question 9

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi

Question 10

What was Shidehara diplomacy and what was it meant to accomplish?

Question 11

Describe the political development of Mexico in the decades following 1910. Be specific and provide examples.

Question 12

In what ways did Japan move towards the Western social and political model in the first two decades of the twentieth century?

Question 13

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Indian National Congress (INC)

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
civil disobedience

Question 15

Describe the social and cultural changes that took place during the early Chinese republic.

Question 16

Compare and contrast modernization efforts in Turkey and Iran.

Question 17

In what ways were the views that urban, middle-class, anticolonial activists held about the West in the early twentieth century paradoxical? Be specific.

Question 18

How did World War I shape the emergence of nationalist movements in the Middle East?

Question 19

What explains the rise of authoritarian governments in Latin America in the early decades of the twentieth century?

Question 20

How did Gandhi shape the development of Indian nationalism and the Indian independence movement?

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Communist International (Comintern)

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Reza Khan

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Palestine

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Syria's Ba'ath Party

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Young Turks

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Wahhabi movement

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Muslim League

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Iran's Qajar and Pahlevi dynasties

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Gandhi's salt march

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Sarda Act

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Republic of Turkey

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
T.E. Lawrence

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Pakistan, "The Land of the Pure"

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Aramco

Question 36

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mustapha Kemal/Atatürk

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Balfour Declaration

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Iran's 1906 Constitution

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ibn Saud

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
League of Nations' mandates

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"Mr. Sai" and "Mr. De"

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mao Zedong and the CCP

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
The Long March

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"African road to socialism"

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
zaibatsu

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mei-ling Soong and the New Life Movement

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the New Culture Movement

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Shidehara Diplomacy

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
May Fourth (1919) Movement

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Taisho democracy

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Tanizaki's Some Prefer Nettles

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Getulio Vargas

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
United Fruit Company and the "banana republics"

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"Down with Confucius and sons"

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Guomindang , Sun Yat-sen, and Chiang Kai-shek

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
warlords

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1922 Washington Conference

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Nanjing Republic

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ho Chi Minh

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Frieda Kahlo

Question 61

In 1885 a group of Indian political activists formed the

A) Indian Communist Party.
B) Indian National Congress.
C) Muslim League.
D) Indian Liberal Organization.
E) British Out Association.

Question 62

Mustafa Kemal attempted to transform Turkey into a/an

A) communist utopia.
B) technocratic oligarchy.
C) Islamic theocracy.
D) secular monarchy.
E) modern secular republic.

Question 63

The most vocal source of anticolonial sentiment in Asia and Africa in the late nineteenth century was

A) the urban poor.
B) landowning elites.
C) rank and file soldiers.
D) the rural poor.
E) the urban middle class.

Question 64

Most of the early Iranian oil profits went into the hands of

A) the Standard Oil Company.
B) the Shah.
C) French investors.
D) British investors.
E) the Russian government.

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Geishas

Question 66

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Lázaro Cardenas

Question 67

Gandhi

A) was never imprisoned, in spite of his ongoing political activity.
B) wanted to convince the Pakistanis to leave and, at the same time, to enhance Indian unity.
C) used his march to the sea to try to convince Indians to ignore the increased British salt tax.
D) ultimately abandoned his non-violence tactics.
E) supported the British in World War II.

Question 68

The Hindu-dominated nationalist group that was formed in India in 1885 was the

A) Muslim League.
B) New Party.
C) PKI.
D) Bombay Party.
E) Indian National Congress.

Question 69

Nationalist movements

A) all began as traditionalist, religiously based movements.
B) were called "tongs" in China.
C) were usually led by people with extensive knowledge of Western ideas and values.
D) did not begin in Southeast Asia until the 1930s.
E) usually started among elite foreign students on European holiday.

Question 70

In appraising the work of Mustapha Kemal Ataturk Atatürk, one can say that

A) he finally succeeded in unifying Persian society.
B) he maintained a strict Islamic consistency in all aspects of Turkish life.
C) he created a secular Turkish state that embraced many of aspects of a modern Western nation.
D) no real change from the traditional Ottoman ways ever occurred under his rule.
E) he retained the Islamic practices that his Ottoman predecessors had adhered to for centuries.

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Hipolito Irigoyen

Question 72

In 1908, the Young Turks

A) forced the sultan to restore the constitution.
B) took power in parts of Turkey.
C) initiated a bombing campaign.
D) declared independence from the Ottoman Empire.
E) were exiled to Algeria.

Question 73

Under Shah Reza Khan

A) the French were maneuvered into countering pressure from Britain and Germany.
B) the bureaucracies of Iran's government, both civilian and military, were modernized.
C) no progress was made in modernizing the economic infrastructure of the country.
D) the authority of Islamic religious beliefs was destroyed in Iran.
E) foreign influence in Iran was eliminated.

Question 74

The term Mahatma means

A) Commander.
B) Highly Intelligent One.
C) Great Soul.
D) Mighty Savior.
E) salt saver.

Question 75

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

Question 76

Gandhi used the spinning wheel as a symbol of his protest against

A) British religious policies.
B) textile imports from Britain.
C) import duties against wheels of all types.
D) discrimination against Indian women.
E) rickshaw requirements.

Question 77

Students in Burma protested the lack of respect for local religious traditions shown by the

A) British
B) Germans.
C) French.
D) Spanish.
E) Dutch.

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Good Neighbor policy

Question 79

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Diego Rivera

Question 80

Indian nationalism

A) was initially founded by people who were educated, socially elite urbanites.
B) was sharply divided, Muslim against Buddhist, from the beginning.
C) had an articulate peasant, Sutan Sjahrir, as its first prominent leader.
D) had no organization until the arrival of Gandhi in 1931.
E) was fomented by peasants dissatisfied with the Punjab.