Deck 21: Industrialization and Society

Question 1

Which was the first region in continental Europe to industrialize?

A) Belgium
B) Germany
C) France
D) Holland
E) Austria-Hungary

Answer 1

Belgium

Question 2

By the 1830s, British reformers argued that solving the problems of industrialization could only be done by ______________.

A) factory owners
B) utilitarians
C) the government
D) the Church of England
E) educating the poor

Answer 2

the government

Question 3

As a result of the Eden Treaty, ______________.

A) French grain swamped the British market
B) British cloth swamped the French market
C) Italian silk could be imported into France
D) British cloth could be sold in Germany
E) French furniture could be imported into Italy

Answer 3

British cloth swamped the French market

Question 4

Where was French industry concentrated before 1850?

A) Rouen
B) Alsace-Lorraine
C) Ruhr
D) Saxony
E) Brittany

Question 5

The most significant effect of industrialization throughout Europe was ______________.

A) capitalism
B) impoverishment of the working class
C) improved communication
D) urbanization
E) the creation of the middle classes

Question 6

Industrialization and urban growth negatively affected which of the following?

A) Tenements
B) Pollution
C) Expense of food
D) Spread of disease like tuberculosis
E) All of these.

Question 7

To avoid the kind of working-class discontent seen in England, European nations took preventive action in all of the following ways except ______________.

A) imposition of child labor laws
B) actively building and promoting railroads
C) providing unemployment insurance for workers
D) government-regulated working conditions
E) protective tariffs to discourage importation of goods

Question 8

By 1850, the country with the most miles of railroad tracks was ______________.

A) England
B) France
C) Russia
D) Germany
E) Italy

Question 9

Robert Owen's model factory town was in ______________.

A) Manchester
B) London
C) Berlin
D) Scotland
E) Brighton

Question 10

Class consciousness can best be attributed to ______________.

A) the education of the middle classes
B) the identification of the urban worker
C) the privileges of the nobility
D) the demand for universal male suffrage
E) one's relationship to the economy

Question 11

The middle classes found their identification in ______________.

A) occupation and education
B) location of housing within the city
C) religious affiliation
D) accumulation of goods
E) participation in skilled occupations

Question 12

All of these factors mitigated against continental industrialization except ______________.

A) a lack of scientific technology
B) less available internal transportation
C) strength of European guilds
D) less available natural resources for mechanization
E) lack of a cash economy to support a capitalist market

Question 13

The man who established a telegraph company that grew into an electronics company which bears his name today is ______________.

A) George Stephenson
B) Werner Siemens
C) August Börsig
D) James Watt
E) Samuel Smiles

Question 14

John McAdam developed ______________.

A) the steam locomotive
B) a new kind of railroad track
C) steamships
D) a new kind of road
E) the factory town

Question 15

What was a significant difference in industrialization in Britain compared to the rest of continent?

A) It was fueled by technology and private capital.
B) It was driven by the transition from mercantilism.
C) It was promoted by government investment.
D) Private entrepreneurialism was outlawed.
E) Like early merchant companies, it relied on joint stock investors.

Question 16

Social mobility within the middle classes was most often found through ______________.

A) education
B) work experience
C) risk taking in business
D) religious cohorts
E) self-help organizations

Question 17

Which of the following was not a factor that made French industrialization different than other European countries?

A) Agricultural efficiency
B) Good natural resources
C) Inventive thinkers and scientists
D) Government encouragement of a robust industrial economy
E) France had all of these.

Question 18

German factories were built on ______________.

A) the Baltic
B) the Rhine
C) coal fields
D) the French border
E) None of these.

Question 19

What limited industrial-takeoff in continental Europe?

A) Famine
B) Bad educational standards
C) Wars
D) Reactionary governments
E) Strikes

Question 20

Of what British manufacturing center did Alexis de Tocqueville observe, "From this filthy sewer pure gold flows"?

A) London
B) Manchester
C) New Lanark
D) Yorkshire
E) Salisbury

Question 21

Henri de Saint-Simon was considered part of which group of social reformers?

A) Communists
B) Radicals
C) Liberals
D) Utopian socialists
E) Christian humanists

Question 22

The main emphasis on personal behavior in Victorian ideology was on ______________.

A) moral behavior
B) sexual purity
C) religious devotion
D) nationalism
E) charitable activities

Question 23

The disgruntled workers who destroyed factory machinery in protest were known as ______________.

A) Methodists
B) Luddites
C) Socialists
D) Williamettes
E) Sackers

Question 24

Artisans who were most drastically affected by being put out of work in industrialization were ______________.

A) shoemakers
B) weavers
C) glassblowers
D) clock makers
E) tailors

Question 25

Workers received the legal right to organize in unions in which country?

A) England
B) Germany
C) Russia
D) Italy
E) Austria

Question 26

Who wrote Crime and Punishment ?

A) Charles Dickens
B) Georges Sand
C) Fyodor Dostoevsky
D) Leo Tolstoy
E) Karl Marx

Question 27

During the industrial age, the concept of separate spheres meant what for women's area of expertise?

A) Women were a partner in the family business.
B) Women were a source of a second income in working families.
C) Women took on unpaid labor within the household.
D) Women should maintain a domestic environment for her husband that was separate from his work environment.
E) Women attended gender delineated universities.

Question 28

Although the middle classes promoted charitable works to improve the lot of the poor, they felt that poverty was caused by ______________.

A) exploitation of the working class
B) lack of hard work by the urban workers
C) alcoholism and sexual promiscuity
D) inadequate government programs to provide tools for social mobility
E) denial of access to the means of production

Question 29

Factory workers often preferred to hire women because they ______________.

A) could pay lower wages
B) believed women were less prone to alcoholism
C) believed that women were less vulnerable to the recruitment efforts of labor unions
D) believed that women were less apt to be insubordinate
E) believed all of these were true about female workers

Question 30

Who was the most famous working class radical who argued for limitation of child labor and greater division of profit?

A) Karl Marx
B) Giuseppi Garabaldi
C) Samuel Smiles
D) William Cobbett
E) Josiah Wedgewood

Question 31

Which of the following authors was a man?

A) Charlotte Brontë
B) Emily Brontë
C) George Eliot
D) George Sand
E) None of these.

Question 32

Reform Judaism was seen most strongly in which area?

A) England
B) Germany
C) Poland
D) Russia
E) Austria

Question 33

Berlin's main university bears the name of ______________.

A) Wilhelm Grieg
B) Friedrich Engels
C) Gregory Mendel
D) Wilhelm von Humboldt
E) Karl Marx

Question 34

Among the working classes, the occupation that was predominantly female was ______________.

A) weaving
B) glass blowing
C) spinning
D) making china
E) metalworking

Question 35

The condition for peasants in Europe was worst in ______________.

A) England
B) France
C) Russia
D) Spain
E) Italy

Question 36

Acceptable activities for middle class women in the nineteenth century included all of the following except ______________.

A) marriage
B) charitable activities
C) political advocacy
D) writing novels
E) being teachers

Question 37

The first person credited with being a socialist was ______________.

A) Friedrich Engels
B) Charles Fourier
C) François Babeuf
D) Giuseppe Mazzini
E) Flora Tristan

Question 38

Workers who lost pride and control in individual production of their work were deemed by Marx as suffering from ______________.

A) ennui
B) exploitation
C) mechanization
D) alienation
E) depression

Question 39

What religion found adherents in the working-class in Britain?

A) Methodism
B) Evangelicalism
C) Baptists
D) Oxford movement
E) Revivalism

Question 40

The author of the formula to success in life, titled Self-Help , was ______________.

A) Friedrich Engels
B) Adam Smith
C) Josiah Wedgewood
D) Robert Owens
E) Samuel Smiles

Question 41

The belief that all people should have the same rights is ______________.

A) liberalism
B) Marxism
C) socialism
D) egalitarianism
E) communism

Question 42

In what ways did industrialization vary from one country to the next in continental Europe?

Question 43

Who was the first reformer who advocated total equality of the sexes?

A) James Mill
B) Karl Marx
C) Flora Tristan
D) Zoë Gatti de Gammond
E) Charles Fourier

Question 44

Charles Fourier argued for the existence of harmonious communities organized in ______________.

A) communes
B) phalanges
C) platoons
D) unions
E) consumer cooperatives

Question 45

Specific goals outlined in The Communist Manifesto included all of the following except ______________.

A) a progressive income tax
B) free education
C) state control of credit and transportation
D) complete abolition of all private ownership
E) an end to the distinction between urban and rural by spreading culture and education beyond cities

Question 46

How was urbanization a result of industrialization rather than a cause?

Question 47

Examine the concepts of socialism and communism.

Question 48

What was a result of the publication of the Communist Manifesto ?

A) It directly contributed to the growth of trade unionism.
B) It made governments realize that they had to respond to worker demands or risk revolution.
C) Karl Marx became wealthy.
D) Manchester was subject to an environmental overhaul to clean up working conditions.
E) The passage of child labor laws in Britain and Prussia.

Question 49

Marx's use of the Hegelian dialectical was unique because ______________.

A) he argued that revolution was the new historical inevitability
B) he engaged the dialectic and applied it to the concepts of materialism
C) the clash of thesis and antithesis would synthesize a new world system of capitalism
D) Hegel had argued that history was unchanging, whereas Marx applied it to revolution
E) of none of these

Question 50

The Communist Manifesto ______________.

A) was a guidebook on how to form workers' unions to become enfranchised
B) inspired the revolutions of 1848
C) argued for the historical inevitability of class struggles resulting in revolution
D) required that workers obtain the right to vote and change society
E) was none of these

Question 51

Marx believed that the best means to understand the world was through ______________.

A) economics
B) class structures
C) philosophy
D) nationality
E) cultural orientation

Question 52

What were Victorian views on sexuality?

Question 53

Who were the utopian socialists, and what did they believe?

Question 54

What problems did Engels attribute to industrialization and capitalism? Why was he concerned?

Question 55

In what ways did the emergence of class consciousness in the nineteenth century transform European society?

Question 56

What was the normative role of women in middle class society?

Question 57

Marx argued that history could be understood through ______________.

A) elitist interpretation
B) power structures
C) class struggle
D) political enfranchisement
E) oppression of original ideas

Question 58

Discuss the role of transportation in the Industrial Age

Question 59

How did the middle classes differentiate themselves and create a self-identity?

Question 60

What was the effect of The Communist Manifesto on the revolutions of 1848?

A) It was highly inflammatory.
B) It was immediately suppressed by all reactionary governments for fear of spreading the revolutions.
C) It was surreptitiously passed around to the radical underground.
D) Its effect was minimal.
E) It was dismissed by serious intellectuals.

Question 61

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Temperance movement

Question 62

Why did Karl Marx believe that now was the ideal time for a revolution?

Question 63

Britain was the first place in Europe that allowed trade unions to form legally.

Question 64

Reform Judaism was strongest in Poland.

Question 65

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
means of production

Question 66

Middle class young women were raised to see marriage as their main purpose in life.

Question 67

A French gunsmith pioneered the use of interchangeable parts.

Question 68

Urbanization was a result of displacement from Enclosure.

Question 69

Karl Marx studied philosophy under G.W.F. Hegel.

Question 70

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
urbanization

Question 71

Charles Fourier applied his ideas of egalitarianism within all classes of men, but not women, as he felt they were not sufficiently developed in the capitalist market to be a significant force of change.

Question 72

Conditions for peasants were worst in Europe in Ireland after the potato famine.

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Proletariat

Question 74

One of the most significant components of industrialization was development of the transportation infrastructure.

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
industrial takeoff

Question 76

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Joseph Marie Jacquard

Question 77

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Karl Marx

Question 78

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Werner Siemens

Question 79

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
interchangeable parts

Question 80

Manchester was the British center of textile manufacturing.