Deck 19: Revolutionary France and Napoleonic Europe

Question 1

What was the Great Fear?

A) The fear by the first and second estates that the new constitution would limit their power
B) The fear by Louis XVI that he was going to be overthrown after dismissing Necker
C) The fear that the National Assembly would be dismissed before a constitution was completed
D) Peasant revolts in the rest of the country in reaction to the events in Paris
E) Mutiny by the army when called upon to stop mob violence at the Bastille

Answer 1

Peasant revolts in the rest of the country in reaction to the events in Paris

Question 2

What caused the financial strains on France that necessitated Louis XVI to increase taxes?

A) Debt from the aid France provided in the American Revolution
B) Questioning in the Enlightenment age regarding the idea of Divine Right and Absolutism
C) Bad harvests and famines in the 1780s caused an increase in the price of bread
D) The unequal tax burden imposed on the third estate
E) All of these.

Answer 2

All of these.

Question 3

At the heart of the Tennis Court Oath was the determination that the ______________.

A) National Assembly would not disband without a constitution
B) king was to empower all three estates in shared governance
C) king must be replaced
D) state must meet the needs of the poor in this time of economic crisis
E) National Assembly could replace the king in times of emergency

Answer 3

National Assembly would not disband without a constitution

Question 4

What was the Bastille?

A) A medieval fortress that served as a prison
B) A dungeon where political prisoners were tortured
C) The king's palace in Paris, when he was not at Versailles
D) The tennis court where the National Assembly was meeting
E) A supply depot where grain and foodstuffs were stored

Question 5

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen ______________.

A) was the constitution put forth by the National Assembly in August 1789
B) provided equal rights for men and women, now deemed citizens
C) was a document outlining the natural rights to be enjoyed by the citizens of France
D) was never ratified by the National Assembly
E) included a bill of rights that was endorsed by Louis XVI

Question 6

Which of the following was not accomplished in the legislative acts from the Night of August 4 (1789)?

A) Abolition of feudal dues
B) Abolition of the church Tithe
C) Enfranchisement of all citizens
D) Elimination of tax privileges of towns and provinces
E) Opening of military positions previously open only to nobility

Question 7

The most widely read political tract in the late eighteenth century in France was ______________.

A) Sieyès's What Is the Third Estate?
B) Rousseau's The Social Contract
C) Payne's Common Sense
D) Jefferson's Declaration of Independence
E) Hobbes's The Commonwealth

Question 8

The events of the October Days were characterized by ______________.

A) Louis's return to Paris to stand trial
B) the armed seizure of power by the National Assembly
C) the takeover of the National Assembly by the Jacobin faction
D) Louis's resignation as king
E) the shift of power from Versailles to Paris

Question 9

The major problem seen with Louis XVI's calling of the Estates General was that ______________.

A) it gave equal numbers of representatives to the clergy and nobility as to the Third Estate
B) all three estates would present one unified vote, one vote per estate
C) there were insufficient measures of support for the poor presented in the meeting
D) the king did not have to listen to the Estates General because it was not covered in the constitution
E) the Third Estate was not well enough informed about the workings of the government to present a united platform

Question 10

Who was considered an eligible member to vote for representatives in the Estates General?

A) All citizens of France over the age of 18.
B) Only men over the age of 18.
C) Members of the first and second estate.
D) Tax paying men over the age of 25.
E) Men over 25 who owned property.

Question 11

Standardization of the government in France is best exemplified by the creation of which of the following?

A) Metric measurements
B) Cahiers
C) Deputies of the Assembly
D) Departments
E) Entrance testing for positions in the government by merit rather than rank

Question 12

In the social orders of France, the First Estate represented the ______________.

A) army
B) nobility
C) merchants
D) clergy
E) common workers

Question 13

All of the following were accomplished by the Constitution of 1791 except ______________.

A) slavery was outlawed
B) all titles of the nobility were abolished
C) sovereignty rested in the nation rather than the king
D) women had the right to vote
E) ability, not birth, determined status

Question 14

The event that required Louis XVI to recall the Estates General in 1789 was the ______________.

A) need for their consent for participation in the American Revolution
B) need to reassure France that he was on top of the financial crisis
C) need for a loan to forestall bankruptcy for France
D) declaration of the Third Estate that the king must enact just prices
E) overwhelming concern of the nobility and clergy that the Third Estate was going to riot

Question 15

Maximilien Robespierre led which political faction?

A) Jacobins
B) Sans-culottes
C) Feuillants
D) Girondins
E) Montagne

Question 16

Which of the following would not be included in the Third Estate, as defined by law?

A) A merchant
B) A weaver
C) A peasant
D) A parish priest
E) A domestic servant

Question 17

The primary cause for the start of the French Revolution was ______________.

A) the refusal of Louis XVI to call the Estates General
B) the refusal of the parlements to lend the government sufficient money
C) suppression of the Parisian presses that were getting too radical
D) the inability of Louis XVI to solve the financial deficit
E) Marie Antoinette's purchase of a vastly expensive necklace

Question 18

After the October Days, what term best describes the government of France?

A) Republic
B) Constitutional monarchy
C) Absolutist monarchy
D) Democracy
E) Plutocracy

Question 19

The beginning of the constitutional revolution happened in June 1789 when ______________.

A) Louis XVI suspended the Estates General for their failure to reach a consensus
B) the Third Estate broke away from the Estates General and formed the National Assembly
C) the First and Second Estates overruled the Third Estate by corporate vote
D) all three estates formed the National Assembly
E) peasants and poor urban workers formed a protest outside the Estates General, and riots began

Question 20

The October 1789 return to Paris by Louis XVI and his family was demanded by ______________.

A) the National Assembly
B) the nobility, who were afraid he was letting the Assembly run the country
C) the Army of the Republic
D) Parisian women
E) the clergy

Question 21

What city was destroyed by the Committee of Public Safety and renamed "Freed City"?

A) Paris
B) Lyon
C) Bayonne
D) Marseille
E) Bordeaux

Question 22

The most symbolic effort of the new republic to break with the taint of the past was ______________.

A) the use of the metric system
B) the revision of the calendar
C) the conversion of Notre Dame to an academic institution
D) the destruction of Versailles
E) None of these.

Question 23

In a preemptive strike to avoid overthrow, the Assembly declared war in 1792 on which country?

A) England and Austria
B) Austria and Prussia
C) Prussia and the Netherlands
D) Spain and Italy
E) Flanders and Austria

Question 24

Roughly how many people were killed in the Great Terror?

A) 1300
B) 2300
C) 13,000
D) 25,000
E) 40,000

Question 25

The Committee of Public Safety mobilized French society during the revolution and built the army through ______________.

A) conscription
B) volunteerism
C) intimidation
D) mercenary hiring
E) lottery

Question 26

In order to compromise regarding citizenship, the Assembly classified whom as "active" citizens?

A) Members of the sans culottes
B) Men and women over the age of 25
C) All men over age 25
D) Men who owned or controlled property
E) Men who were employed

Question 27

Of the groups opposed to the Revolution, the émigrés were those who ______________.

A) opposed disbanding the Catholic Church
B) were avid supporters of the king
C) felt it was too dangerous to live in France
D) were expelled by order of the National Assembly
E) were foreigners in nations opposed to the Revolution

Question 28

In 1791, after new elections, the National Assembly was transformed into the ______________.

A) Directory
B) Brumaire
C) Consulate
D) National Convention
E) Committee of Public Safety

Question 29

In her quest for political reforms, Olympia de Gouges called for all of the following except ______________.

A) a voluntary tax to be paid by all
B) a state system of social security and state employment
C) a system of public education for boys and girls
D) local community ownership of farmlands for peasants
E) equal social and political rights for women compared to men

Question 30

In support of the French Revolution, Thomas Paine wrote ______________.

A) Reflections on the Revolution in France
B) The Rights of Man
C) A Vindication of the Rights of Man
D) Enquiry Concerning Political Justice
E) The Conspiracy of Equals

Question 31

The Vendée objected mostly to which action of the Revolution?

A) The categorization of active and passive citizens
B) The declaration of war outside Europe
C) Conscription of peasants for the army
D) The execution of the king
E) The September Massacres

Question 32

In response to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and other aspects of change, Louis XVI and his family ______________.

A) fled Paris but were captured and held prisoner
B) enthusiastically endorsed the secularization of the government
C) embraced the new Constitution of 1791
D) appealed to the people of France for calm in working out new departments
E) were executed by guillotine

Question 33

All of the following were demands of the sans-culottes except ______________.

A) universal suffrage
B) state-sponsored welfare
C) universal public education
D) government price controls
E) government regulation of private property rights

Question 34

Who persuaded the Assembly to set up the tribunal which led to the execution of monarchists?

A) Maximilien Robespierre
B) Cardinal Richelieu
C) Georges Danton
D) William Wordsworth
E) Jacques Necker

Question 35

Reforms to the church were made by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. What was the group of people called who refused to abide by this constitution?

A) Separatists
B) Traitors
C) Nonjurors
D) The first estate
E) Jansenists

Question 36

Who was the man elected as leader of the Committee of Public Safety in 1793?

A) Georges Danton
B) Jacques-Louis David
C) Jean-Paul Marat
D) Maximilian Robespierre
E) Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 37

Which of the following was not a symbol of new politicization in everyday life?

A) Wearing long trousers
B) Wearing powdered wigs
C) Addressing other people as "citizen"
D) Addressing other people with the personal pronoun of you (in French,"tu")
E) Singing the Marseillaise

Question 38

What did the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen lead to in regards to the question of slavery?

A) Debate as to the meaning of citizenship
B) Revolt in Saint-Domingue
C) Abolition of the slave trade in France and its colonies
D) The end of French control of the colonial islands
E) All of these.

Question 39

The faction in the National Convention that argued for execution of Louis XVI in 1792 was the ______________.

A) Jacobins
B) sans-culottes
C) Mountain
D) Girondin
E) feuillants

Question 40

What percentage of men were qualified as citizens based on new property requirements?

A) 10 to 20 percent
B) 25 to 33 percent
C) about 50 percent
D) 60 to 70 percent
E) less than 10 percent

Question 41

What did the Napoleonic Code accomplish? What were its drawbacks?

Question 42

All of the following are true of the French constitution of 1789 except ______________.

A) Napoleon was only one of three consuls
B) members of the legislature had no real say
C) the constitution included the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
D) press censorship was instituted
E) the constitution was submitted for approval to popular vote

Question 43

How did the unification of European alliances against Napoleon and France affect the wars between 1805 and 1814?

Question 44

What set the stage for the French Revolution?

Question 45

Napoleon's most lasting achievement was ______________.

A) the Concordat of 1801
B) the reestablishment of slavery
C) the reorganization of the government using prefects
D) tax reform
E) revision of the law code

Question 46

What did Napoleon do with the paintings and statues he encountered on his conquests?

A) He destroyed them.
B) He located the artists and gave them rewards for their skills.
C) He looted them and sent them to the Louvre.
D) He put them in local museums established by him.
E) All of these.

Question 47

In what sense did Napoleon's rise to power represent the ideals of the Revolution?

Question 48

What title did Napoleon assume in 1799?

A) Commander of the French Army
B) Emperor Napoleon I
C) President
D) First Consul
E) King Napoleon I

Question 49

The Continental System ______________.

A) closed ports to British shipping
B) ended the "Spanish ulcer"
C) replaced the Confederation of the Rhine
D) established the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
E) was a resounding failure

Question 50

Which is true of Admiral Nelson?

A) He destroyed Napoleon's fleet in Egypt.
B) He destroyed Napoleon's fleet off the coast of Spain.
C) He was killed by Napoleon's forces.
D) He died in the Battle of Trafalgar.
E) All of these.

Question 51

Waterloo, the site of Napoleon's ultimate defeat, is in present-day ______________.

A) England
B) France
C) Belgium
D) Austria
E) Russia

Question 52

What ideological differences separated the Mountain and the Girondins in the radical phase of the Revolution?

Question 53

What were the issues addressed by the National Assembly in their Constitution of 1791?

Question 54

Napoleon's first military victory as Army commander was in ______________.

A) Sicily
B) northern Italy
C) southern Italy
D) Austria
E) Corsica

Question 55

What was the the French National Assembly's response to slavery?

Question 56

Why were such extremes possible during the Reign of Terror?

Question 57

What distinguished Robespierre and his group from those who led uprisings in the countryside?

Question 58

How did the National Assembly's issuance of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen evolve? Why was this document originally perceived as insufficient?

Question 59

What was the "Thermidorian Reaction"?

A) An escalation of bloody violence in the Great Terror
B) A reversal of Jacobin policy after the fall of the Committee
C) The attack on Italy by Napoleon
D) The repression of anti-revolutionary activity in the Vendée
E) The seizure of power by pro-monarchists assisted by Prussia and Austria

Question 60

Which of the following was not invaded by Napoleon before 1800?

A) Egypt
B) Holland
C) Switzerland
D) Italy
E) Spain

Question 61

Toussaint L'Ouverture was the first former slave elected as governor of Saint-Domingue.

Question 62

The Vendée was a bastion of support for the Revolutionary government outside of Paris.

Question 63

King Louis XVIII was coronated at Rheims in 1831.

Question 64

Thomas Paine wrote in vigorous support of the French Revolution.

Question 65

Napoleon returned to power after his defeat at Waterloo, in a period called the 100 Days.

Question 66

Discuss the policies toward the Catholic Church during the French Revolution and their effects.

Question 67

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Louis XVI

Question 68

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Joseph Emmanuel Sieyès

Question 69

The Reign of Terror meant the government controlled the economy and eliminated counter-revolutionaries.

Question 70

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
cahiers

Question 71

Alexander I defeated Napoleon at Borodino, forcing him to retreat to Germany.

Question 72

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Parlement of Paris

Question 73

The sans-culottes were the moderate faction of the Mountain.

Question 74

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Estates General

Question 75

French society under Napoleon was dominated by the notables .

Question 76

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Jacques Louis David

Question 77

The first French Constitution was issued in 1791.

Question 78

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
National Assembly

Question 79

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Marie Antoinette

Question 80

What led to Napoleon's abdication?