Deck 9: Health Care Around the Globe

Question 1

The process through which health care systems in different nations become increasingly similar over time is referred to as

A) the convergence hypothesis.
B) medicalization.
C) demedicalization.
D) confluence.
E) the privatization theory.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In China, village doctors

A) were first used during the Cultural Revolution.
B) receive about two years of training.
C) work primarily in urban areas.
D) remain a major part of the Chinese health care system.
E) primarily work as midwives.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The term "physician extenders" refers to

A) doctors' office assistants.
B) health care workers who sometimes can substitute for doctors.
C) insurance companies owned by doctors.
D) technological equipment used by doctors.
E) video equipment that allows doctors to treat patients long-distance.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following can make it difficult to control a nation's health care costs?

A) uneducated consumers
B) an oversupply of nurses
C) an undersupply of doctors
D) centralized planning and budgeting
E) the presence of many different health insurance providers

Question 5

In which of the following nations can citizens lose their access to health care if they change jobs or get divorced?

A) United States
B) Canada
C) Great Britain
D) a and b only
E) all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is the most serious problem in the Canadian health care system?

A) waiting times for non-emergency care
B) overuse of high-technology medical services
C) an undersupply of doctors
D) the existence of multiple, competing insurance companies
E) lack of access to health care in urban "ghettoes"

Question 7

Infant mortality and life expectancy in China are now

A) on a par with those of other developing countries.
B) only slightly below those of the industrialized nations.
C) a major cause of economic losses.
D) rising at the same rate.
E) rising steadily but slowly.

Question 8

The health care system in Germany can best be described as

A) an entrepreneurial system.
B) a National Health System.
C) National Health Insurance.
D) social insurance.
E) communistic.

Question 9

In recent years,

A) access to health care has improved in China.
B) rural Chinese increasingly have turned for health care to their agricultural communes.
C) rural Chinese increasingly have turned for health care to village doctors.
D) rural Chinese increasingly have received their health care on a fee-for-service basis.
E) urban Chinese increasingly have received their health care from village doctors.

Question 10

To control health care costs, the British health care system has encouraged

A) the privatization of health care.
B) the use of acupuncture.
C) specialized medical education.
D) the building of new hospitals on a regular basis.
E) all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is true?

A) Health care is rationed in Great Britain but not in the United States.
B) Health care is rationed in the United States but not in Great Britain.
C) Health care is rationed in both the United States and Great Britain.
D) Health care is rationed in neither the United States nor Great Britain.

Question 12

The factor that has most helped Canada to restrain the costs of health care is the

A) sharp separation between ambulatory care and hospital doctors.
B) use of utilization reviews.
C) switch to a single-payer system.
D) successful effort to restrain the number of doctors.
E) closing of unnecessary hospital beds.

Question 13

Compared to US citizens, Canadians have

A) a lower average rate of doctor visits per year.
B) a higher rate of infant mortality.
C) higher out-of-pocket costs for health care.
D) longer waiting times in life-threatening emergencies.
E) none of the above

Question 14

The health care system in Canada can best be described as

A) an entrepreneurial system.
B) a National Health System.
C) National Health Insurance.
D) social insurance.
E) communistic.

Question 15

Which of the following nations has an entrepreneurial system of health care?

A) Democratic Republic of Congo
B) United States
C) Canada
D) all of the above
E) only a and b

Question 16

Which of the following countries does not guarantee health care to its citizens?

A) United States
B) Germany
C) Great Britain
D) a and b only
E) all of the above

Question 17

The health care system in Great Britain is best described as

A) an entrepreneurial system.
B) a National Health Service.
C) National Health Insurance.
D) social insurance.
E) capitalistic.

Question 18

Which of the following has contributed most to improving health outcomes in China?

A) improving access to health care
B) raising educational levels among women
C) increasing the number of trained doctors
D) increasing the number of physician extenders
E) increasing the number of nurses

Question 19

General practitioners in Great Britain

A) typically work in group practices.
B) receive financial supplements if they practice in underserved areas.
C) are paid fee-for-service.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

Question 20

Health care in Mexico is provided through

A) a three-tiered system.
B) National Health Insurance.
C) managed care organizations.
D) the Ministry of Defense.
E) political parties.

Question 21

How is health care rationed in Canada and Great Britain? Are these systems of rationing better, worse, or no different from how we ration care in the United States?

Question 22

Which nation's health care system would you prefer? Why?

Question 23

You have been appointed to the President's new commission on health care reform. Which measures for evaluating health care reform do you consider most important? Why? Choose two policies you would want to implement and explain how those two policies link to the measures of health care reform that you consider most important.

Question 24

Most funding for hospitals in the Democratic Republic of Congo comes from

A) the federal government.
B) health districts.
C) Congolese church groups.
D) donations from the more developed nations.
E) only c and d

Question 25

Health outcomes in the Democratic Republic of Congo are

A) comparable with health outcomes in the Mexican health care system.
B) about average for a less developed nation.
C) among the worst in the world.
D) similar to health outcomes in the Chinese health care system.
E) none of the above

Question 26

Which of the following has been used to control costs in one or more health care systems described in this textbook?

A) relying only on the government (rather than private insurers) to cover individuals' health care costs
B) establishing government control over hospital budgets
C) restricting doctors to salaried practices
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 27

Which of the following is true?

A) Since the time of the Chinese Revolution, the Chinese government has provided equal access to health care to all its citizens.
B) In recent years, the Chinese health care system has reduced its emphasis on profit-making.
C) Events in the Democratic Republic of Congo demonstrate the difficulties of offering quality health care in the face of armed conflicts.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 28

Compared to the United States, Canada has

A) lower infant mortality rates.
B) longer life expectancies.
C) more limited insurance coverage for its citizens.
D) only a and b
E) none of the above

Question 29

Life expectancy in Mexico is

A) only slightly lower than in the United States.
B) slightly higher than the United States.
C) similar to average life expectancies in the less developed nations.
D) low to decreases in the health of the population.
E) declining due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.