Deck 7: Dying in the American Health Care System

Question 1

The first hospital was established in the United States in 1713 in

A)New York City.
B)Boston.
C)Philadelphia.
D)New Haven, Connecticut.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false regarding medical education in the United States?

A)Medical schools have historically offered only limited assistance to the medical student concerning dying and death.
B)Recent surveys of physicians revealed that they prefer more emphasis on the topic of death and dying in medical schools.
C)The majority of medical schools offer a required course in thanatology for students.
D)The medical training of most physicians historically seems to be primarily concerned with the patient's physical state rather than with social-psychological needs.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

More than ____ percent of individuals aged 65 and over are expected to spend some time in a nursing home.

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Child life specialty programs in the United States average _______ hours on end-of-life issues?

A)13
B)23
C)33
D)43

Question 5

A federal and state program that uses general revenues to fund health care for the poor is called

A)Medicare.
B)Medicaid.
C)managed care.
D)third-party payments.

Question 6

When sick, we go to a physician to be made well. In the United States, this is known as the

A)medical model.
B)wellness program.
C)health initiative.
D)go-well program.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Chinese?

A)The Chinese believe the family and the physician are responsible for the patient's treatment.
B)The Chinese favor open and frank talk with the patient regarding his or her terminal condition.
C)As in the United States, dying in China primarily occurs in an institutional setting.
D)None of the above.

Question 8

Which contributes to the fact that physicians are ill prepared to deal with dying patients?

A)Lack of personal experience with death
B)Lack of training provided by medical schools
C)Assumption that physicians are supposed to save lives; thus, the dying patient is a losing battle
D)All of the above.

Question 9

The use of cadavers in medicals has seen a/an ________.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)preference for computer-simulated practice
D)no change

Question 10

A model hospice inpatient care facility in the United States is the

A)California Hospice.
B)Minnesota Hospice.
C)Kentucky Hospice.
D)Connecticut Hospice.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is false regarding dying in the United States?

A)The idea of dying does not fit within the medical model held in the United States.
B)The dying patient is a social deviant within the typical acute-care hospital.
C)The dying patient is a deviant in the medical subculture because death poses a threat to the image of the "physician as healer."
D)Labeling theory focuses on the act or actor rather than on the audience observing.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding course offerings in death and dying for medical students?

A)All medical schools in the United States offer several courses in death and dying for students.
B)All medical schools in the United States offer a required course in death and dying for students.
C)Most medical schools in the United States do not offer a required course in thanatology for students.
D)100 percent of medical schools offer a course in death and dying and palliative care.

Question 13

Research suggests that learning anatomy with ________________ generates more knowledge

A)patients
B)cadavers
C)computer-simulated practice
D)textbooks

Question 14

In Body of Work , Christine Montross observed that in medical schools in _____ the cadavers are treated with much respect.

A)China
B)England
C)Thailand
D)Poland

Question 15

In a study of first-year medical students in the gross anatomy laboratory, pre- and post-surveys of students revealed which of the following?

A)84 percent showed less death anxiety after completing gross anatomy
B)54 percent of student showed less death anxiety after completing gross anatomy
C)29 percent experienced no change to fear of death
D)17 percent had increased fear of death

Question 16

A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older in the United States is

A)Medicaid.
B)managed care.
C)third-party payments.
D)Medicare.

Question 17

Why is the terminally ill patient considered a deviant in the medical subculture?

A)They are always fussy and difficult to handle.
B)Death poses a threat to the image of the "physician as healer."
C)Death creates embarrassing and emotionally upsetting disruptions in the scientific objectivity of the medical system.
D)Both b and c.

Question 18

The author of Living and Dying at Murray Manor is

A)C. Saunders.
B)T. Parsons.
C)J. Gubrium.
D)M. Weber.

Question 19

A prevalent idea in most Western societies, especially the United States, that if the technological capability to do something is available, then it should be done, is called

A)the technological imperative.
B)technology in action.
C)a technosolution.
D)None of the above.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true regarding a dying patient?

A)Seventy-five percent of patients are hospitalized at some point during the year before they die.
B)Dying in America is one activity that by its nature cannot be bureaucratized.
C)In American society, for the patient the hospital is the preferred place to die.
D)None of the above.

Question 21

Yale School of Medicine offers students in their first and second years an elective course on problems in communicating with dying and seriously ill patients. The course has five goals. Which of the following is not one of the goals of the course?

A)Learn to talk with, and listen to, sick persons
B)Ascertain the meaning of compassion without sentimentality and the need for humility in the context of the physician's ignorance
C)Learn to establish a friendship with their patients
D)Enrich the student's understanding of those in their care

Question 22

If a patient's death represents a failure to a physician, how can medical schools assist in creating an attitude of acceptance of death as the final stage of growth?

Question 23

What is "labeling theory"? How does labeling theory apply to terminally ill patients?

Question 24

How could steps be taken to overcome the diminished social and personal power of the hospital patient? Are such limitations on patients necessary for an orderly hospital?

Question 25

How has the offering of education on death and dying in medical schools in the United States change historically from the 1970s until now?

Question 26

Why is it important to use a bio-socio-psychological model when working with patients?

Question 27

Based on survey research, why do physicians prefer more emphasis on the topic of death and dying in medical schools?

Question 28

Contrast health maintenance organizations with private health carriers such as Blue Cross and Blue Shield. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Question 29

A two-and-a-half-day course entitled "Education for Physicians on End-of-Life Care" was developed for doctors to learn

A)how to turn on the respirator.
B)to encourage family members not to lie in bed with the dying patient.
C)how to avoid drugs that cause shortness of breath and nausea.
D)details of pain control not taught in medical school.

Question 30

An individual usually pays a monthly premium, and when an illness occurs, the individual receives treatment, and then a bill is sent to the insurance company that pays most (or all, in some cases) of the medical bill. What form of payment is this known as?

A)Government payment
B)Public welfare system payment
C)Third-party payment
D)Individual payment

Question 31

In recent years, there has been controversy over the ethics an effectiveness of using dead human beings as a learning tool. What are the benefits of using a human body, and what are the negative consequences of working on a cadaver?

Question 32

The American Medical Association concluded that some doctors are born with skills needed for end-of-life issues, such as tact, kindness, and good medical judgment; however, the association felt that some of these skills could be learned. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Provide research from the chapter to support your answer.

Question 33

In the late 20th century, a study of family medicine practitioners reported that as a result of being taught concepts concerning terminally ill patients, they had __________ attitude.

A)no change in
B)a more positive
C)a more negative
D)less positive

Question 34

Deviance may vary with time and place . What does this statement mean?

Question 35

According to your textbook, what is the cost of health care spending per person in the United States?

A)$10,345
B)$30,345
C)$60,345
D)$70,345