Deck 7: International Organizations and Transnational Actors

Question 1

What is a transnational corporation?

A)A transnational corporation is an organization dedicated to a common global goal.
B)A transnational corporation is a humanitarian NGO.
C)A transnational corporation is a company with operations in more than one country.
D)A transnational corporation is a company with sales in more than one country.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements about IGOs is accurate?

A)There are a handful of IGOs in the world today.
B)IGOs generally consist of three or more nation-states and have permanent secretariats or bureaucracies.
C)Members of IGOs are generally individuals who have special interests and lots of money.
D)IGOs have extremely limited ability to accomplish anything and rarely try to do so.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the voting framework of the General Assembly of the United Nations based on?

A)Veto power for all of the great powers
B)One state, one vote
C)A country's share of UN funding
D)A country's share of global wealth

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the EU principle that any issue that can be dealt with adequately at the national level should be left to that level called?

A)Federalism
B)Confederalism
C)Subsidiarity
D)Unicameralism

Question 5

Which actor consists of at least three nation-states?

A)Nongovernment organizations
B)PACs
C)International governmental organizations
D)Transnational organizations

Question 6

In liberal theory, international organizations address which of the following problems for states trying to solve collective action problems?

A)Punishment, retribution, and enforcement
B)Peacekeeping, humanitarian aid, and law enforcement
C)Lobbying, agenda-setting, and campaign managing
D)Transaction costs, monitoring, and information gathering

Question 7

Which of the following theories claims that states form IGOs because it is in their interest to do so, as they help to solve problems more easily and less expensively?

A)Liberal institutionalism
B)Constructivism
C)Structuralism
D)Complex interdependency

Question 8

What is the primary difference between an international governmental organization and a nongovernmental organization?

A)The geographic region in which they are located
B)Whether states or private actors are members
C)The global reach of the organization
D)The focus of their work

Question 9

What is delegating international decisions to an international organization called?

A)Transnationalism
B)Intergovernmentalism
C)Supranationalism
D)World governmentalism

Question 10

Which two key principles compete with each other when it comes to the UN Charter?

A)Effective international action and state sovereignty
B)State sovereignty and economic development
C)Effective international action and economic development
D)Transnationalism and nationalism

Question 11

Which of the following is a regional security IGO?

A)The World Trade Organization (WTO)
B)The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
C)U.N. Security Council (UNSC)
D)Human Rights Watch

Question 12

Which of the following IGOs reduces transaction costs by providing an ongoing procedure for over a hundred countries to coordinate their tariffs with each other?

A)The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
B)The World Trade Organization (WTO)
C)The World Bank
D)The International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Question 13

The European Union is best described as which of the following?

A)A transnational corporation
B)A transnational advocacy network
C)A regional international governmental organization (IGO)
D)A global IGO

Question 14

What is making international decisions by negotiation and agreement between state representatives called?

A)Intergovernmentalism
B)Transaction costs
C)Arbitration
D)Consideration

Question 15

Which human rights NGO publicized the arrest of an outspoken critic of Gaddafi's rule in Libya and later provided much of the information relied upon by international media and governments?

A)Médecins Sans Frontières
B)International Red Cross
C)Amnesty International
D)Oxfam

Question 16

Which of the following concepts refer to efforts needed to negotiate and organize collaboration?

A)Arbitration
B)Synchronicity
C)Transaction costs
D)Mediation

Question 17

Which part of the United Nations is meant to be a forum for debate on global issues and a place to express international consensus?

A)The General Assembly
B)The Security Council
C)The International Court of Justice (ICJ)
D)The Food and Agricultural Organization

Question 18

Many countries are late in paying their membership dues to the United Nations. What is the percentage of those members who fail to pay their dues in full and on time?

A)Less than 20 percent
B)About 40 percent
C)About 60 percent
D)More than 80 percent

Question 19

Which of the following is true about resolutions passed by the UN General Assembly?

A)They are considered to be international law.
B)They have limited legal authority.
C)They are dependent upon Security Council approval.
D)They immediately alter the course of world events.

Question 20

Which of the following is the major objective of the United Nations?

A)Solving global environmental problems
B)Protecting the world's children
C)Promoting peace and development
D)Solving the crisis in the Middle East

Question 21

Which U.S. president played a major role in setting up the U.N. and recognized that the organization would never work if the "great powers" could be outvoted by the smaller ones?

A)Woodrow Wilson
B)Franklin Roosevelt
C)John F. Kennedy
D)Herbert Hoover

Question 22

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the World Health Organization (WHO)are examples of which of the following?

A)Nongovernmental organizations associated with the United Nations
B)Specialized agencies of the United Nations
C)Organizations established by the European Union
D)Agencies under the management of the U.S. Department of State

Question 23

Which international relations theoretical perspective best explains the United Nations as a source of international norms?

A)Constructivism
B)Realism
C)Liberalism
D)Economic structuralism

Question 24

What have most of the recent deployments of U.N. peacekeeping forces been in response to?

A)International wars
B)Mainly European wars
C)Mainly civil wars within collapsing states
D)Wars fought primarily for self-defense

Question 25

What is the main purpose of the U.N.UN Security Council?

A)Preventing conflict in the world by performing deterrent, peacekeeping, and negotiating functions
B)Preventing famine and drought in the coming decades
C)Ensuring environmental security in the coming decades
D)Ensuring economic security to all regions of the world

Question 26

Why was the European Union established?

A)In order to offset the power and wealth of the United States
B)In order to promote peace by binding countries together economically
C)In order to be the first step toward a world government
D)In order to create a European military to fight global terrorism

Question 27

What was the original institution that led to the formation of the European Union?

A)The Cohort of Westphalia
B)The League of Nations
C)The World Economic Forum
D)The European Coal and Steel Community

Question 28

Why do some people believe the United Nations is irrelevant?

A)They believe that it is not a respected organization because the United States has too much power.
B)They believe it is irrelevant because it is too large.
C)They believe it has little legal or military power to compel other actors.
D)They believe NATO and the EU are more powerful and useful organizations.

Question 29

What impact has second generation peacekeeping, such as providing humanitarian relief, protecting civilians, and running elections, had on the U.N.?UN?

A)It has given the U.N.UN forces a more active role.
B)NGOs have taken over such functions and allowed the U.N.UN to attend to primary peacekeeping.
C)It has allowed the UN to remain neutral in conflict zones.
D)NGOs have taken over the financing of such projects, which has allowed the U.N.UN to spend funds on more pressing concerns.

Question 30

U.N.UN peacekeeping efforts sometimes fail. Under what circumstances are they most likely to succeed?

A)When states or groups are determined to go to war
B)When states or groups hope to avoid conflict but might be afraid that others will take advantage of them
C)When there is ethnic cleansing going on and the stakes are very high
D)When there is civil war based on religious tensions

Question 31

Which of the following is not a potential role of the U.N.?UN?

A)The U.N.UN as a world government
B)The U.N.UN as a tool for states
C)The U.N.UN as a world police force
D)The U.N.UN as a source of norms

Question 32

What part of the United Nations performs organizational, budgetary, translation, research, and other support services and administers decisions?

A)General Assembly
B)Security Council
C)Secretariat
D)Parliament

Question 33

Which of the following countries are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council?

A)United Kingdom and Canada
B)Russia and Germany
C)China and France
D)France and Japan

Question 34

Why do some people fear the U.N.?UN?

A)They believe it might become a totalitarian world government, eroding state sovereignty and individual freedom.
B)They fear not the U.N.UN itself, but that we have become complacent with its existence, which will result in WWIII.
C)They believe that the U.N.UN will collapse like the League of Nations, and that we are unprepared for that eventuality.
D)They believe that the U.N.UN will become a nascent world government with the ability to solve security dilemmas and economic concerns around the world.

Question 35

What is "second generation" peacekeeping?

A)Efforts such as providing humanitarian relief, protecting civilians, and running elections
B)Efforts which include bringing in additional U.N. peacekeeping forces
C)Efforts such as providing escorts to generals and politicians
D)Efforts that solve security dilemmas and stop warring parties from fighting

Question 36

How are the ten nonpermanent members of the United Nations chosen?

A)They are elected to two-year terms by the General Assembly.
B)They are elected to four-year terms by the General Assembly.
C)They are elected to five-year terms by the Security Council.
D)There is a lottery every five years from among all U.N.UN member states.

Question 37

The United Nations General Assembly's power is actually very clear over which of the following?

A)Convening binding arbitration panels to resolve conflicts
B)The U.N. budget
C)Resolutions calling for collective security actions against aggressing states
D)Handling of trust territories

Question 38

As of 2020, who is the Secretary-General of the United Nations?

A)Kofi Annan
B)Jimmy Carter
C)António Guterres
D)Nelson Mandela

Question 39

Which United Nations component is the only one which permits its members to have veto power?

A)The General Assembly
B)The Security Council
C)The Secretariat of the UN
D)The International Court of Justice

Question 40

What is the main purpose of the U.N.UN General Assembly?

A)To pass laws
B)To end conflict
C)To provide a forum for debate on global issues
D)To provide humanitarian assistance to those in need

Question 41

Which of the following statements best describes the degree to which Europe is in agreement on foreign and security policy?

A)Deep divisions have emerged between member states on issues such as relations with Russia and how to deal with the global financial crisis.
B)The EU has sought to leave foreign and security policy to the individual member states of the EU according to the principle of subsidiary.
C)The EU member states have been in unanimous agreement about how to deal with issues such as the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq and the tide of Syrian refugees entering the Schengen Area.
D)The EU member states have been in unanimous agreement about how to deal with future expansions of the EU and Schengen zones.

Question 42

The integration of the European Union focused on which two processes?

A)Occupying and colonizing
B)Trading and occupying
C)Widening and deepening
D)Loosening and expanding

Question 43

Which domestic institution is the European Commission analogous to?

A)The cabinet
B)The executive branch
C)The legislature
D)The Supreme Court

Question 44

Which of the following IGOs has pushed the bounds of international collaboration further than any other IGO?

A)The United Nations (UN)
B)The World Trade Organization (WTO)
C)The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
D)The European Union (EU)

Question 45

What are the new terms of office of the President of the EU Council following the Lisbon Treaty?

A)The president is chosen by member states to serve a four-year term.
B)The president is chosen by member states to serve a two-and-a-half-year term.
C)The position will rotate every six months by alphabetical order.
D)The president is appointed by the European Parliament to serve a three-year term.

Question 46

In which year did Britain originally become a member of the EU?

A)1962
B)1952
C)1972
D)1975

Question 47

Which of the following EU countries has not adopted the euro?

A)France
B)Italy
C)Sweden
D)Germany

Question 48

What are transnational actors?

A)Actors whose activities cut across state boundaries
B)Actors whose importance supersedes that of states
C)Actors who refuse to work with the special interest groups of more than one state
D)State governments

Question 49

How many states were members of the European Union in 2019?

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)27

Question 50

What was one of the main goals of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty?

A)To establish a single currency
B)To maintain the distinct foreign policy positions of all member states
C)The reorganization of the UN Security Council
D)To highlight and reinforce the sovereignty of the EU member states

Question 51

What is a process by which small, incremental steps towards cooperation create the impetus for even further integration, as has been the case in the EU?

A)Spillover
B)Incrementalism
C)Fusion
D)Rationality

Question 52

The Free Trade Area involves which of the following stages of economic integration?

A)The removal of tariffs among members
B)A harmonizing of internal regulations
C)The establishment of one common external tariff
D)The creation of an area with the free movement of labor and capital

Question 53

Transnational corporations (TNCs)have existed for hundreds of years; however, today's TNCs are different. How are todays TNCs different?

A)Today, major corporations pursue global strategies for production, sales, research, and investment.
B)Today, major corporations target only a few regions of the world for sales and production.
C)Today, major corporations have most of their products manufactured in just a few countries.
D)Today, major corporations tend to be based on only one country, going abroad only for sales.

Question 54

Which organization did the European Coal and Steel Community eventually become?

A)The United Nations (UN)
B)The World Trade Organization (WTO)
C)The European Union (EU)
D)The G-8

Question 55

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the euro, as Europe's single currency?

A)The euro has failed as a common currency.
B)The euro has significantly decreased its value relative to the dollar since its inception.
C)The euro has seen prices in all areas that adopt it decrease, since it makes international transactions easier.
D)The euro has displaced the dollar as the standard currency for all international transactions.

Question 56

Which of the following states was an original signatory to the Treaty of Rome?

A)Poland
B)Spain
C)Great Britain
D)France

Question 57

What was the significance of the Treaty of Rome?

A)It established the European Economic Community (EEC), which later became the European Union.
B)It ended World War II.II
C)It established the United Nations (UN).)
D)It established the Westphalian state system.

Question 58

Which branch of the EU represents the governments of the member states?

A)The European Commission
B)The Council of the European Union
C)The European Parliament
D)The European Court of Justice

Question 59

What accounts for nearly half of the European Union's budget?

A)Defense spending
B)Agricultural subsidies
C)Social welfare expenditures
D)Education and health expenditures

Question 60

How are members of the European Parliament chosen?

A)They are appointed by the European Commission.
B)Each country's government appoints its own representatives to the European Parliament.
C)They are elected directly by the citizens of their home country.
D)They are selected by members of the European Council.

Question 61

Compare and contrast the roles and powers of the United Nations' General Assembly and Security Council? Which aspects of the two bodies do you believe deserve augmenting? Why?

Question 62

Why do those who are skeptical of the demise of the Westphalian system believe that it will endure?

A)The state has sovereignty and a monopoly on the use of force, while IOs are limited in this regard.
B)The state will eventually take back its power.
C)The state has a steady flow of funding in terms of taxes, while nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)and international governmental organizations (IGOs)are dependent on the whims of their supporters.
D)IGOs and NGOs will eventually grow tired of running the system.

Question 63

What impact do transnational corporations have on a country's level of development? Discuss both sides of the argument and where most scholars stand today. What implications might these finding have for the future?

Question 64

What is true of most governments today?

A)They tend to avoid inviting transnational corporations into their country.
B)They tend to welcome the arrival of transnational corporations into their country.
C)They tend to exert almost complete control over the investments of transnational corporations.
D)They tend to cooperate with only a few transnational corporations.

Question 65

Discuss the historical evolution of the European Union. What were the main motivating factors behind the creation and growth of the European Union?

Question 66

Today, nineteen of the EU's twenty-seven members are members of the euro zone. Discuss the evolution of the European common currency. What are the advantages and disadvantages for a country to adopt the euro?

Question 67

Is the EU replicable? In other words, do you think that similar groupings of countries would have similar results? Please discuss economic, political, and other aspects of integration and give examples to support your claims.

Question 68

While the size of the state sphere has stayed constant or diminished, the size of the nonstate sphere has increased dramatically. This has caused some to argue which of the following?

A)States are no longer interested in power.
B)The Westphalian state system may be ending.
C)Military power is no longer important.
D)States are choosing to give up their power to international organizations.

Question 69

What is one of the major concerns regarding the political impact of transnational corporations?

A)They strengthen the political independence of countries.
B)They are major supporters of the spread of global democracy.
C)They effectively erode state sovereignty.
D)They are unwilling to cooperate with international organizations on the environment.

Question 70

How are transnational advocacy networks able to influence governments? Provide at least three methods of influence. Give examples to illustrate your views.

Question 71

Why was one early transnational actor, the Hudson Bay Company, was first established?

A)The exploitation of the growing demand for fur
B)The exploitation of the growing demand for tea
C)The exploitation of the growing demand for spices
D)The exploitation of the growing demand for rum

Question 72

What are the primary challenges facing the European Union? Will the EU continue to widen and deepen its structure and functions? Or will more member states follow the United Kingdom in leaving?

Question 73

Which organizations organize across national boundaries to pursue political, social, or cultural goals?

A)International advocacy groups
B)Transnational corporations
C)Nation-states
D)Transnational advocacy networks

Question 74

Which of the following is a crucial difference between domestic and transnational lobbying?

A)In transnational lobbying, resources raised in one country can be used in others, meaning that lobbying groups with transnational connections might be more influential than domestic lobbying groups, especially in poorer countries.
B)Transnational lobbying helps sets a country's political agenda, while domestic lobbying does not.
C)Transnational lobbying is limited to environmental issues, while domestic lobbying is not.
D)Domestic lobbying is limited to environmental issues, while transnational lobbying is not.

Question 75

The process of forcing foreign companies to sell their investments for less than they are worth is known as which of the following?

A)Divestment
B)Disinvestment
C)Expropriation
D)Privatization

Question 76

Many transnational advocacy networks perform a function that identifies and publicizes government shortcomings so that others can promote accountability. What is this function known as?

A)Being a watchdog
B)Being a whistleblower
C)Spillover effect
D)Stealthy sovereignty

Question 77

What is the main difference between foreign companies that invest in "portfolio investments" and those that invest in "brick and mortar" investments?

A)The total value of the investment needed
B)The mobility of the assets
C)The degree to which countries can regulate those investments
D)The long-term value of those investments

Question 78

Which of the following international organizations is a transnational advocacy network?

A)Human Rights Watch
B)The Association of Southeast Asian Nations
C)Boeing
D)Gazprom

Question 79

Why might foreign governments be more likely to work with transnational advocacy networks (TANs)than with other governments?

A)They perceive TANs as being incompetent.
B)They perceive TANs as being politically weak.
C)They perceive TANs as being neutral in the conflict.
D)They perceive TANs as being wealthy and willing to provide support.

Question 80

What are the main defining characteristics of international governmental organizations (IGOs)and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)? How are they different? In what ways are they similar?