Deck 12: Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Question 1

According to social exchange theory, men's sexuality is the supply and women's sexuality creates the demand.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

When a man in a committed relationship meets a desirable new woman, he will likely respond by increasing his commitment to his existing partner.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Once a relationship begins to deteriorate, it is difficult and unusual to stop the process.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Ethan and Rita are infatuated with one another. Whenever they see each other, their hearts pound and they feel sexually excited. They also think about one another constantly when they are apart. Social psychologists would say that they are experiencing ____.

A)passionate love
B)companionate love
C)committed love
D)affectionate love

Question 5

Social psychologists have identified several different types of love. Which of the following types of love refers to mutual understanding and caring to make the relationship succeed?

A)passionate love
B)companionate love
C)committed love
D)affectionate love

Question 6

Research has suggested that a secure attachment style-as defined by attachment theory-is correlated with a variety of positive outcomes.

Question 7

Happy and unhappy couples tend to make use of different attributional styles when explaining their spouses' behaviors.

Question 8

The sexually arousing power of a new partner is called the Coolidge effect.

Question 9

Social psychologists have identified several different types of love. So-called "affectionate love" is referred to as ____.

A)passionate love
B)companionate love
C)committed love
D)fool's love

Question 10

According to the textbook, the so-called "double standard" for women versus men-with respect to sexual behavior-is supported more by women than it is by men.

Question 11

Social psychologists have identified several different types of love. So-called "romantic love" is referred to as ____.

A)passionate love
B)companionate love
C)committed love
D)fool's love

Question 12

Social psychologists have identified several different types of love. Which type of love refers to strong feelings of longing, desire, and excitement toward a special person?

A)passionate love
B)companionate love
C)committed love
D)affectionate love

Question 13

Research on gender differences in sex drive has found that, across virtually all measures, men have stronger sex drives than women.

Question 14

People with high self-esteem tend to have more successful long-term relationships than do people with low self-esteem.

Question 15

The highest rate of sexual activity occurs amongst people who live together without being married.

Question 16

Research suggests that, in order for a marriage to remain healthy, couples should sustain the levels of passionate love that they had during the first year of their relationship.

Question 17

Men who have been primed to think about sex are more likely to wait for more money later than to settle for less money at the present.

Question 18

When people suspect that their spouse has been cheating on them, they are right most of the time.

Question 19

Cheryl and Mike keep careful track of who pays for what in their marriage to make sure everything is fair and equal.  They have a communal relationship.

Question 20

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, passion, intimacy, and commitment refer to three different types of love.

Question 21

Jadis and Matthew are a couple. They are extremely close, sharing nearly every detail of their day and emotions with each other. They also are committed to each other no matter what happens. Jadis and Matthew are experiencing ____ love.

A)passionate
B)companionate
C)fatuous
D)consummate

Question 22

A successful long-term relationship typically depends on making a smooth transition from ____ to ____.

A)companionate love; passionate love
B)commitment; intimacy
C)commitment; passion
D)passionate love; companionate love

Question 23

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the three ingredients in love are passion, commitment, and ____.

A)intimacy
B)companionship
C)affection
D)devotion

Question 24

Faith and Antonio have been dating for nearly a year and are very much in love. If they are like most couples, their passionate love ____.

A)is at its peak, and will begin to die down soon
B)will peak in two to three years, and then begin to die down
C)will peak in five to seven years, and then begin to die down
D)will remain more or less constant as long as they stay together

Question 25

Current research on passionate love suggests that ____.

A)it is a purely Western phenomenon, and unknown in other cultures
B)it is a relatively recent phenomenon, and unheard of several centuries ago
C)it seems to be universal, though it has not always been viewed as a good basis for marriage
D)it seems to be universal and to be globally regarded as "true" love

Question 26

Research suggests that, compared to married people, single people ____.

A)have sex more frequently
B)are more likely to engage in sexual acts beyond simple genital intercourse
C)report higher rates of orgasm
D)have sex more frequently, are more likely to engage in sexual acts beyond simple genital intercourse, AND report higher rates of orgasm

Question 27

Sternberg's triangular theory of love is a theory about ____.

A)three different kinds of love-all on a romantic spectrum
B)three different kinds of love-romantic as well as platonic
C)three different ingredients, or factors, that are present in varying degrees in different love relationships
D)three different paths that love relationships can take across time

Question 28

Sternberg has concluded that the most common element of his triangular love theory across relationships is ____.

A)passion
B)intimacy
C)commitment
D)romance

Question 29

Using Sternberg's triangular theory of love as a framework, companionate love might be best described as consisting of ____.

A)passion and intimacy
B)passion and commitment
C)intimacy and commitment
D)passion, intimacy, and commitment

Question 30

Which type of love is most likely to seem like a temporary state of insanity and, in fact, was viewed by Europeans, in bygone centuries, as a form of mental imbalance?

A)companionate love
B)passionate love
C)committed love
D)affectionate love

Question 31

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, intimacy refers to ____.

A)behaviors that are sexual in nature
B)feelings of closeness, mutual understanding, and concern
C)an emotional state characterized by high bodily arousal
D)sexual monogamy

Question 32

While ____ love may be the most effective for starting relationships, ____ love may be the most effective for sustaining them in the long term.

A)passionate; companionate
B)companionate; passionate
C)affectionate; intimate
D)committed; affectionate

Question 33

Moira and Abdul fell in "love at first sight" a few days ago. They think about each other constantly and the sexual tension between them runs high. Consequently, they spend most of their time having sex and little time talking. How would you rate their intimacy level according to Sternberg's theory?

A)low
B)moderate
C)fairly high
D)off the charts high

Question 34

Research shows that, across time, married couples have sex less and less often. However, it should be noted that the ____.

A)lower frequency can be almost entirely explained by the fact that longer-married couples tend to have children (and having children has the effect of reducing sex).
B)decline is statistically insignificant and cyclical in nature
C)lower frequency is due to both age and length of marriage
D)decline does not start for several years into marriage

Question 35

In the typical long-term, romantic relationship, a couple will experience passionate love for ____.

A)three months or so-six to nine months at the most
B)a year or so-two or three years at the most
C)seven years or so-ten to fifteen years at the most
D)an unlimited number of years or decades, if the relationship is successful

Question 36

People who fear winding up alone are ____.

A)more likely to repeatedly marry but then initiate divorces
B)more likely to settle for a less-than-optimal partner
C)less likely to pair up in a romantic relationship
D)more likely to initiate breakups

Question 37

Compared to people who are single and not cohabiting, married people ____.

A)have sex more frequently
B)spend more time each sexual act
C)report higher rates of orgasm
D)have more sexual partners

Question 38

People who are passionately in love report that they feel as though they were high on drugs, and that they experience "tingling" sensations of excitement and euphoria when spending time with their partner. Research indicates that this is likely a result of ____.

A)increased levels of the sex hormone testosterone
B)increased levels of the neurotransmitter phenylethylamine (PEA)
C)increased production of red blood cells
D)increased levels of lactic acid in the muscles

Question 39

Nancy and Pradeep have been dating for seven years. They are still very attracted to each other, but they are not as obsessed with each other the way they were when they first met. However, they have developed deep respect and love for one another across the years, and they are intent on staying together for the long term. Social psychologists would say that their relationship embodies ____.

A)passionate love
B)companionate love
C)intimate love
D)disclosure love

Question 40

The three ingredients identified in Sternberg's triangular theory of love have somewhat different time courses across the length of romantic relationships. ____ tends to develop first, and ____ tends to develop last.

A)passion; commitment
B)passion; intimacy
C)intimacy; commitment
D)intimacy; passion

Question 41

The anxiety dimension of attachment is best described as referring to attitudes towards the ____.

A)other
B)self
C)relationship
D)other, self, and relationship

Question 42

Samantha and her friend Felicity are extremely close, and treat one another like sisters. When Felicity was broke, for example, Samantha let her stay at her apartment for several months without charging rent. When Samantha was in the hospital for a knee surgery, Felicity brought her movies, food, and other gifts nearly every day. Social psychologists would say that Samantha and Felicity have a(n)____ relationship.

A)communal
B)pragmatic
C)distributive
D)exchange

Question 43

Research on attachment styles, as first described by John Bowlby with reference to infants, identified ____ main types of attachments.

A)three
B)seven
C)ten
D)twelve

Question 44

A(n)____ relationship is based on reciprocity and fairness; each person does something for the other mainly in the expectation of getting some direct benefit in return.

A)communal
B)pragmatic
C)distributive
D)exchange

Question 45

What role do weddings play in the likelihood that a marriage will succeed?

A)Couples who spend more on the engagement ring are less likely to divorce.
B)Couples who spend more on the ceremony are less likely to divorce.
C)Couples who have more wedding guests are less likely to divorce.
D)Couples who spend more on the reception are less likely to divorce.

Question 46

In most work relationships, people only help one another if they are manifestly paid for their services, or if they expect a direct favor in return. Such relationships are known as ____.

A)exchange relationships
B)pragmatic relationships
C)communal relationships
D)goal-seeking relationships

Question 47

Across society, ____ relationships seem the most powerful for driving progress and increasing wealth.

A)communal
B)altruistic
C)mutual
D)exchange

Question 48

It is not uncommon for office mates to go out to lunch and discuss whose turn it is to pay. Such office mates are best described as having a(n)____ relationship.

A)communal
B)altruistic
C)mutual
D)exchange

Question 49

John Bowlby's interest in attachment began in the context of ____.

A)the Korean War
B)World War I
C)World War II
D)the Vietnam War

Question 50

When it comes to close interpersonal relations, ____ relationships tend to be more mature, and more indicative of long-term success, than ____ relationships.

A)exchange; distributive
B)communal; exchange
C)distributive; communal
D)exchange; pragmatic

Question 51

In John Bowlby's research on infant attachment styles, infants who were emotionally distant, slow to trust others, and unwilling to depend on others were said to have an ____ attachment style.

A)aversive
B)anxious/ambivalent
C)avoidant
D)antisocial

Question 52

How are attractiveness and sexual desire related to satisfaction with a marriage?

A)Except very early in marriage, they are unrelated.
B)Women whose partners find them attractive are almost invariably more satisfied.
C)Women whose partners find them attractive OR whose partners value their other traits are more satisfied.
D)Women whose partners find them attractive AND whose partners value their other traits AND whose partners are committed to the relationship are more satisfied.

Question 53

Which factor is one of the key, defining distinctions between exchange relationships and communal relationships?

A)whether or not the people in the relationship are related (or married)
B)how long the relationship lasts
C)the degree to which people in the relationship keep track of who does what
D)whether or not the people in the relationship are part of a larger group

Question 54

Suppose that you are at a party and you meet a psychologist who says that she studied under one of the most well-known developmental psychologists of the World War II era-a man who helped to formulate early work on attachment theory. Thinking back to your reading on attachment theory, you would be correct to reply, "Of course, you must be speaking of ____."

A)Daryl Bem
B)Robert Sternberg
C)John Bowlby
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 55

According to your text, the beneficial effects of the wedding are more about its ____ impact.

A)financial
B)spiritual
C)legal
D)social

Question 56

According to the text, modern societies have apparently thrived on ____ relationships, which seem to promote achievement, increase wealth, and ultimately drive societal progress.

A)pragmatic
B)communal
C)exchange
D)distributive

Question 57

People in committed romantic relationships are ____ in the long run.

A)more sensitive to relationship problems
B)more vulnerable to relationship problems
C)more resilient in the face of relationship problems
D)more likely have trouble resolving relationship problems

Question 58

A(n)____ relationship is based on mutual love and concern, where people do things for one another without expecting to be repaid.

A)reciprocal
B)communal
C)exchange
D)distributive

Question 59

Compared to people in close exchange relationships, people in close communal relationships ____.

A)do not necessarily help one another more or keep better track of "who does what for whom" in the relationship
B)help one another more, but do not necessarily keep better track each other's' needs
C)help one another more, and keep better track of their partners' needs
D)help one another more, and keep better track of "who does what for whom" in the relationship

Question 60

While exchange relationships are based on a norm of ____, communal relationships are based on a norm of ____.

A)reciprocity; mutual concern
B)mutual concern; deference
C)mutual concern; reciprocity
D)deference; reciprocity

Question 61

Does social psychological research support the popular notion that "first you must love yourself, and only then you are ready to love someone else?"

A)Yes, definitely.
B)No, definitely not.
C)It is impossible to say; no research has been conducted in this area.
D)Not really; self-esteem does not seem to have a big impact on relationship success.

Question 62

Ahmed is very socially anxious, often believing no one would want to be friends with him. Because he believes he is unlovable, even when a relationship starts he tries to keep the partner at a safe distance so as not to be hurt. Ahmed probably has a(n)____ attachment.

A)secure
B)preoccupied
C)dismissing avoidant
D)fearful avoidant

Question 63

In recent formulations of attachment theory, the attachment style known as "anxious" or "anxious/ambivalent" has been renamed ____.

A)hypersensitive
B)insecure Type II
C)overstimulated
D)preoccupied

Question 64

Research on long-term relationships indicates that people tend to perceive that their relationship satisfaction is ____ year after year, when in reality, their relationship satisfaction is ____ across time.

A)increasing; constant
B)constant; declining
C)constant; increasing
D)declining; constant

Question 65

Suppose that Hillary has somewhat high self-esteem, while her sister Lola has somewhat low self-esteem. Meanwhile, their cousin Nancy has extraordinarily high self-esteem-to the point of being completely narcissistic. And another cousin of theirs, Hattie, has extraordinarily low self-esteem, such that she is brimming with self-criticism and self-hate. What does research suggest about the likelihood that Hillary, Lola, Nancy, and Hattie will have successful long-term relationships?

A)Hillary and Nancy will likely be more successful than Lola and Hattie.
B)Hillary and Lola will likely be about equally successful, while Nancy and Hattie will likely be relatively unsuccessful.
C)Hillary, Lola, and Nancy will likely be about equally successful, while Hattie will likely be relatively unsuccessful.
D)Hillary, Lola, and Hattie will likely be about equally successful, while Nancy will likely be relatively unsuccessful.

Question 66

A person with a fearful avoidant attachment is ____ on anxiety and ____ on avoidance.

A)low; low
B)low; high
C)high; low
D)high; high

Question 67

A person with a dismissing avoidant attachment has ____ anxiety and ____ avoidance.

A)low; low
B)low; high
C)high; low
D)high; high

Question 68

In recent formulations of attachment theory, researchers have suggested that there are two dimensions involved in attachments. These are ____.

A)security and insecurity
B)security and ambivalence
C)anxiety and aversion
D)avoidance and anxiety

Question 69

In John Bowlby's original formulation of attachment theory, applied to infants, there were ____ different attachment styles. In more recent formulations of attachment theory, applied to adults, there are ____ different attachment styles.

A)three; also three
B)three; four
C)two; three
D)two; four

Question 70

How does self-esteem relate to longevity of relationships?

A)People with low self-esteem tend to have relationships that last longer.
B)People with high self-esteem tend to have relationships that last longer.
C)Self-esteem is more or less unrelated to relationship longevity.
D)This depends on gender; high self-esteem is related to relationship longevity among women, but not among men.

Question 71

Does social psychological research support the popular notion that "first you must love yourself, and only then you are ready to love someone else?" Why or why not?

A)Yes-because people with high self-esteem tend to have longer-lasting relationships than do people with low self-esteem.
B)Yes-because people who have narcissistic personality traits tend to report greater relationship satisfaction compared with other people.
C)No-because there are essentially no differences in relationship outcome measures when comparing narcissists, those with high self-esteem, and those with low or very low self-esteem.
D)Not really-although extreme self-love and extreme self-hate seem to negatively impact relationship outcomes, there are no major differences in relationship outcomes between those with high self-esteem and those with low self-esteem.

Question 72

Regarding oneself as a reasonably good person "as is" is known as ____.

A)self-love
B)self-acceptance
C)narcissism
D)erotic plasticity

Question 73

Having a negative, critical attitude toward yourself can ____.

A)interfere with the capacity to love
B)eventually lead towards a greater capacity to love
C)cause narcissism
D)eventually lead towards self-awareness and self-acceptance

Question 74

In recent formulations of attachment theory, researchers have suggested that there is/are ____ dimensions to attachment, and thus ____ different attachment styles.

A)just one; just two
B)two; four
C)three; nine
D)four; sixteen

Question 75

Andre really believes in himself and doesn't suffer much in the way of social anxiety. Yet he has a hard time trusting his girlfriend (even though she has given him no reason for this). His girlfriend feels frustrated with the relationship, because Andre seems so aloof and far away. Andre probably has a ____ attachment.

A)secure
B)preoccupied
C)dismissing avoidant
D)fearful avoidant

Question 76

Which response would Maslow likely have to the notion that you must "first love yourself before others can love you"?

A)He would agree completely with this statement.
B)He would somewhat agree with this statement.
C)He would somewhat disagree with this statement.
D)He would completely disagree with this statement.

Question 77

According to attachment theory, someone who has a secure attachment style is ____ in anxiety and ____ in avoidance.

A)low; low
B)low; high
C)high; low
D)high; high

Question 78

What two elements must individuals with an avoidant attachment balance?

A)A desire for connection and desire for distance
B)A desire for commitment and desire for sex
C)A desire for security and desire for novelty
D)A desire for similarity and desire for uniqueness

Question 79

When people in a relationship are tempted by being asked to think about meeting an attractive single person who would be a potential partner, men and women ____.

A)both increase relationship commitment
B)react differently, with men reducing relationship commitment and women increasing it
C)react differently, with men increasing relationship commitment and women reducing it
D)both reduce relationship commitment

Question 80

Research on narcissism suggests that ____.

A)self-love must precede receiving love from others
B)you have to love yourself to have a satisfying relationship
C)self-love promotes commitment in a relationship
D)too much self-love detracts from loving others