Deck 27: Seedless Plants

Question 1

When two gametes fuse, the diploid portion of the life cycle is called ________________________.

A) archaeplastids
B) archegonia
C) antheridi
D) sporophyte generation
E) gametophyte generation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following were important plants millions of years ago, when species that are now extinct often reached great size?

A) Whisk ferns
B) Liverworts
C) Club mosses
D) Horsetails
E) Ferns

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The haploid portion of the life cycle is called the _______________ because it gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis.

A) archaeplastids
B) archegonia
C) antheridi
D) sporophyte generation
E) gametophyte generation

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Modern botanists think that all plants evolved from a common ancestor, an ancient green algae. What is the best explanation for this hypothesis?

A) They are autotrophs.
B) They live on land.
C) They have green leaves.
D) They are green like green algae.
E) They share many biochemical and metabolic traits.

Question 5

A bryophyte having a single large chloroplast in each cell belongs to which phylum?

A) Bryophyta
B) Pterophyta
C) Hepatophyta
D) Anthocerophyta
E) Lycopodiophyta

Question 6

Which of the following are interesting research plants for studies in genetics because they are polyploids and have multiple sets of chromosomes?

A) Whisk ferns
B) Ferns
C) Club mosses
D) Fernlike trees
E) Horsetails

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic shared between green algae and plants?

A) A waxy cuticle
B) Multicellular gametangia
C) Chlorophylls a and b in plastids
D) Stomata in the surface of leaves
E) Stomata in the surface of stems

Question 8

Which of the following is the structural and molecular data that indicate that land plants probably descended from a group of green algae?

A) Gametangia
B) Charophytes
C) Archaeplastids
D) Xylem
E) Phloem

Question 9

What is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants?

A) Antheridium
B) Archegonium
C) Sporangium
D) Strobilus
E) Stoma

Question 10

Which vascular tissue is responsible for conducting water and dissolved minerals in plants?

A) Phloem
B) Xylem
C) Stems
D) Roots
E) Sori

Question 11

A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce ____, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that provide support and conduction.

A) cutin
B) chitin
C) lignin
D) actin
E) cellulose

Question 12

Which group of plants were the most recent to evolve?

A) Mosses
B) Hornworts
C) Liverworts
D) Angiosperms
E) Gymnosperms

Question 13

Why are mosses and liverworts limited in size?

A) They lack gametes.
B) They lack vascular tissues.
C) They lack a reproductive cycle.
D) They lack roots to absorb nutrition.
E) They lack chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Question 14

Meiosis occurs forming spores within which of the following?

A) Stoma
B) Strobilus
C) Archegonium
D) Antheridium
E) Sporangium

Question 15

Each individual gametophyte plant has tiny, hair like absorptive structures known as:

A) prothalli.
B) fronds.
C) rhizoids.
D) antheridia.
E) fiddleheads.

Question 16

Some liverworts reproduce asexually by forming tiny balls of tissue called:

A) setae.
B) fronds.
C) gemmae.
D) prothalli.
E) archegonia.

Question 17

Gametophytes also produce female gametangia known as:

A) antheridi
B) archegonia
C) sporangium
D) strobilus
E) stoma

Question 18

The haploid gametophytes produce male gametangia known as:

A) antheridi.
B) archegonia.
C) sporangium.
D) strobilus.
E) stoma.

Question 19

Each spore divides by mitosis to produce a _________________ , and the cycle continues.

Question 20

The oldest known mega fossils of _______________, discovered in New York, are dated at 380 million years old. These trees, which were about 8 m tall, had vascular tissues but no leaves and a minimal root system.

A) whisk ferns
B) liverworts
C) club mosses
D) fernlike trees
E) horsetails

Question 21

Figure 27-3 ​

The structure in the accompanying figure labeled as 4 is:

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) a zygote.
D) polyploid.
E) produced by meiosis.

Question 22

_________________ are divided into three distinct phyla: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Question 23

The gametophyte is the dominant stage in the life cycle for which of the following plant groups?

A) Club mosses
B) Whisk ferns
C) Liverworts
D) Horsetails
E) Ferns

Question 24

Which two plants of the Carboniferous period contributed to the formation of today's coal deposits?

A) Lichens and true mosses
B) Hornworts and liverworts
C) Horsetails and club mosses
D) Whisk ferns and true mosses
E) Angiosperms and gymnosperms

Question 25

When a moss spore lands in a suitable spot, it germinates and grows into a filament of cells called a:

A) seta.
B) archegonia.
C) megaspore.
D) protonema.
E) prothallus.

Question 26

Which is the most economically important bryophyte?

A) Equisetum.
B) Anthoceros.
C) Psilotum.
D) Sphagnum.
E) Lycopodium.

Question 27

What is the most ancient group of plants alive today?

A) Horsetail
B) Club moss
C) Hornworts
D) Liverworts
E) Gymnosperms

Question 28

Microphylls is a structure that can only be found in:

A) ferns.
B) liverworts.
C) hornworts.
D) club mosses.
E) whisk ferns.

Question 29

Figure 27-3 ​

The life cycle in the accompanying figure could represent which organism?

A) A moss
B) A whisk fern
C) A club moss
D) A horsetail
E) A liverwort

Question 30

Figure 27-3 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement about label 1 is FALSE?

A) It is haploid.
B) It was produced by mitosis.
C) It was produced from a megaspore.
D) It is not a product of fertilization.
E) It is part of the sporophyte generation.

Question 31

Which is the gametophyte form of most liverworts?

A) A seta
B) Gemmae
C) A thallus
D) A frond
E) A prothallus

Question 32

How are the sperm of moss transported to the archegonia?

A) By wind
B) By water
C) By insects
D) By hummingbirds
E) By both insects and water

Question 33

The gametophyte generation of ferns is the:

A) prothallus.
B) protonema.
C) fiddlehead.
D) gemma.
E) thallus.

Question 34

According to the fossil record, the oldest vascular plants are placed in which phylum?

A) Rhyniophyta
B) Bryophyta
C) Anthocerophyta
D) Pteridophyta
E) Lycopodiphyta

Question 35

The oldest known megafossils of early vascular plants may be characterized as:

A) possessing dichotomously branched stems without leaves or roots.
B) possessing dichotomously branched stems with leaves.
C) possessing erect stems with megaphylls.
D) possessing roots but lacking sporangia.
E) lacking roots but possessing megaphylls.

Question 36

____________ occurs in the capsule and produces haploid spores.

Question 37

The organic material compresses to form ___________.

Question 38

How do mosses help prevent soil erosion?

A) Mosses absorb the majority of running water.
B) Mosses have no role in soil formation or erosion.
C) Mosses provide an additional habitat to soil organisms.
D) Mosses have roots that create a lattice beneath the soil.
E) Mosses are packed in dense colonies, holding soil together.

Question 39

____ are small leaves with a single vascular strand.

A) Megaphylls
B) Microphylls
C) Thalli
D) Strobili
E) Sori

Question 40

_______________ probably originated as outgrowths of stem tissue that developed a single vascular strand later.

Question 41

Which statement about whisk ferns is FALSE?

A) They exhibit dichotomous branching.
B) One representative is Psilotum .
C) They lack true leaves.
D) They lack true roots.
E) They lack true stems.

Question 42

Xylem is a vascular tissue that conducts dissolved sugars.

Question 43

_____________ is the evolutionary process in which the spaces between close branches become filled with chlorophyll-containing cells.

Question 44

Diagram and label the life cycle of a fern. Be sure to identify the gametophyte and sporophyte generations.

Question 45

The sori of most ferns are found on which part of the plant?

A) Fronds
B) Prothalli
C) Rhizomes
D) Antheridia
E) Fiddleheads

Question 46

Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as:

A) heterospory.
B) sporogeny.
C) megaspory.
D) homospory.
E) microspory.

Question 47

Mosses have stems, roots, and leaves.

Question 48

Identify and briefly describe the two phyla of seedless vascular plants. Include one or two representatives of each phylum.

Question 49

What do ferns lack?

A) Seeds
B) Rhizomes
C) Chloroplasts
D) Vascular tissue
E) Sexual reproductive cycle

Question 50

After a moss spore germinates, it forms a prothallus.

Question 51

Diagram the evolution of microphylls and megaphylls.

Question 52

Heterospory is believed to have led to the evolution of:

A) eggs.
B) seeds.
C) xylem.
D) phloem.
E) pollen.

Question 53

Prepare a table that lists the features that distinguish bryophytes from green algae and seedless plants.

Question 54

In algae, gametangia are generally unicellular.

Question 55

Which of the following is heterosporous?

A) Whisk fern
B) Spike moss
C) Horsetail
D) Liverwort
E) Hornwort

Question 56

Which plant has a jointed hollow stem with reduced megaphylls?

A) Moss
B) Horsetail
C) Club moss
D) Whisk fern
E) Hornwort

Question 57

Which of the following is a vascular plant?

A) Moss
B) Fern
C) Liverwort
D) Hornwort
E) Charophyte

Question 58

_______________ are the only living nonvascular plants.

Question 59

Each archegonium produces many eggs.

Question 60

In plants, sporogenous cells divide by mitosis to form spores.

Question 61

An archegoniophore is found in certain liverworts.

Question 64

Discuss adaptations for terrestrial life seen in land plants.

Question 65

If you were a paleontologist studying clams, you would have an easier research project than if you were studying early plants. Why? Include in your discussion the term "megafossils."

Question 66

A gemma is a sexual reproductive structure produced by certain liverworts.

Question 68

Club mosses belong to the phylum Bryophyta .

Question 72

A sorus is a cluster of sporangia.

Question 73

If a plant produces microspores and megaspores, then by definition, it is homosporous.

Question 74

Microphylls evolved from stem branches.

Question 76

Describe alternation of generations. Include in your discussion the following terms: gametophyte, sporophyte, diploid, haploid, dominant form, meiosis, and fertilization.