Deck 26: Protists

Question 1

Which protist clade (supergroup) is characterized by their greatly modified mitochondria?

A) Excavates
B) Unikonts
C) Rhizarians
D) Archaeplastids
E) Chromalvolates

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Cells that have a single flagellum or are amoebas with no flagella are _________.

A) excavates
B) chromalveolates
C) rhizarians
D) archaeplastids
E) unikonts

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Among the protist groups below, which has organisms that typically move with two or more flagella?

A) Actinopods
B) Amoebozoa
C) Diplomonads
D) Foraminifera
E) Apicomplexans

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Members of the alveolates are characterized by the presence of:

A) two or more flagella.
B) chloroplast pigments.
C) crystalline rod in the flagella.
D) contractile vacuoles surrounded by a pellicle.
E) flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT part of the Chromalveolates group of eukaryotes?

A) Dinoflagellates
B) Euglenoids
C) Apicomplexans
D) Ciliates
E) Diatoms

Question 6

Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as:

A) alternation of generations.
B) multicellular.
C) coenocytic.
D) mycelium.
E) colonial.

Question 7

Which protist group is characterized by having a micronucleus and a macronucleus?

A) Ciliates
B) Euglenoids
C) Actinopods
D) Diplomonads
E) Amoebozoans

Question 8

Diplomonads belong to which of the following group of eukaryotes?

A) Excavates
B) Chromalveolates
C) Rhizarians
D) Archaeplastids
E) Unikonts

Question 9

Which of the following statements is correct in the context of golden algae?

A) Have a coenocytic mycelium
B) Are mostly unicellular, with shells containing silica
C) Are multicellular stramenopiles that are ecologically important in cooler ocean waters
D) Are mostly unicellular, biflagellate freshwater and marine stramenopiles
E) Are excavates with one or two nuclei and no functional mitochondria

Question 10

Ancestors of ____ may have possessed mitochondria, which were lost or reduced during evolutionary history.

A) Paramecium
B) Laminaria
C) Amoeba
D) Euglena
E) Giardia

Question 11

Which protist group possess a crystalline rod in their flagella?

A) Ciliates
B) Diatoms
C) Euglenoids
D) Water molds
E) Zooxanthellae

Question 12

Most protists are:

A) aquatic.
B) parasitic.
C) terrestrial.
D) coenocytic.
E) thermophiles.

Question 13

Which protist group contains the organism Trypanosoma, a colorless parasite that can cause African sleeping sickness?

A) Unikonts
B) Excavates
C) Rhizarians
D) Archaeplastids
E) Chromalveolates

Question 14

Which eukaryotic organelles likely arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and bacteria?

A) Nuclei
B) Endoplasmic reticulums
C) Vacuoles and chloroplasts
D) Mitochondria and chloroplasts
E) Mitochondria and Golgi complexes

Question 15

Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?

A) Diatoms
B) Red algae
C) Brown algae
D) Green algae
E) Dinoflagellates

Question 16

Which statement about euglenoids is FALSE?

A) They have a pellicle.
B) They are unicellular.
C) They are all photosynthetic.
D) Their cells contain mitochondria.
E) They have 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules in their flagella.

Question 17

_________ are parasites that produce sporozoites and are nonmotile.

A) Alveolates
B) Chromalveolates
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Apicomplexans
E) Ciliates

Question 18

Protists have various means of locomotion; they move by all of the following means EXCEPT:

A) by flexing individual cells.
B) by gliding over surfaces.
C) by waving cilia.
D) by mycelium.
E) by lashing flagella.

Question 19

_________ secrete many-chambered tests with pores through which cytoplasmic projections extend to move and obtain food.

A) Forams
B) Rhizarians
C) Actinopods
D) Red algae
E) Choanoflagellates

Question 20

Which is an anaerobic excavate that is an endosymbiont of animals?

A) Diatom
B) Euglenoid
C) Parabasilid
D) Actinopod
E) Dinoflagellate

Question 21

Members of which protist group is one of the fossilized deposits in the unique geological formation of the White Cliffs of Dover?

A) Diatoms
B) Actinopods
C) Diplomonads
D) Foraminiferans
E) Choanoflagellates

Question 22

Which protist group typically consists of amoeboid cells surrounded by a hard outer shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend?

A) Rhizarians
B) Unikonts
C) Euglenoids
D) Archaeplastids
E) Opisthokonts

Question 23

Unikonts also have a ____________ that has major evolutionary significance.

Question 24

Red algae, green algae, and land plants are collectively called _______________.

Question 25

Members of which group are known to form blooms known as red tides?

A) Green algae
B) Red algae
C) Euglenoids
D) Dinoflagellates
E) Brown algae

Question 26

Figure 26-2 ​

What is the outcome of the process illustrated in the accompanying figure?

A) One male and one female cell
B) Four new but genetically distinct cells
C) Two new but genetically distinct cells
D) Two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before
E) Four new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before

Question 27

Which protist groups consists of individuals who often have intracellular shells of interlocking plates?

A) Diatoms
B) Red algae
C) Euglenoids
D) green algae
E) Dinoflagellates

Question 28

Many green algae produce spores asexually by mitosis; if these spores have flagella and are motile, they are called __________.

Question 29

What commercial product is derived from the processing of red algae?

A) Milk
B) Sushi
C) Lipstick
D) Ice cream
E) Carrageenan

Question 30

Which type of protist is responsible for malaria in humans, parasitic to both humans and mosquitoes?

A) Ciliates
B) Actinopods
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Apicomplexans
E) Foraminiferans

Question 31

______ are unicellular amoebozoa found in soil, fresh water, the ocean, and other organisms.

Question 32

Which group of protists are unicellular, biflagellate stramenopiles that form a significant portion of the nanoplankton?

A) Ciliates
B) Red algae
C) Golden algae
D) Foraminifera
E) Brown algae

Question 33

Which are the symbiotic dinoflagellates, which live in the bodies of marine invertebrates such as corals?

A) Ciliates
B) Sporozites
C) Apicomplexans
D) Zooxanthellae
E) Stramenopiles

Question 34

Which statement best describes the composition of cell walls found in water molds?

A) All individuals have only walls made of cellulose.
B) All individuals have only walls made of chitin.
C) All individuals have only peptidoglycan walls.
D) Some individuals have cell walls of chitin, and others have cell walls of cellulose.
E) Some individuals have cell walls of chitin, some have cell walls of cellulose, and some have cell walls of both chitin and cellulose.

Question 35

Within ciliates, what do the micronuclei control?

A) Growth
B) Movement
C) Reproduction
D) Cell signaling
E) Growth and metabolism

Question 36

Which statement about radiolarians is FALSE?

A) They are rhizarians.
B) They have axopods.
C) They are actinopods.
D) They lack silica shells.
E) They have algal endosymbionts.

Question 37

Which protist is responsible for late blight of potatoes, the cause of the Irish potato famine in the mid-19th century?

A) Phytophthora
B) Myxomycota
C) Macrocystis
D) Physarum
E) Giardia

Question 38

I am characterized by having a test and axopods. Who am I?

A) Green algae
B) Actinopods
C) Opisthokonts
D) Stramenopiles
E) Foraminiferans

Question 39

___________ are amoebozoa with close affinities to amoebas and plasmodial slime molds.

Question 40

_____________ are collared flagellates in the opisthokont clade, which also includes fungi and animals.

Question 41

Of the following, which group exhibits a diverse morphology, forming unicells, filaments, and sheets?

A) Diatoms
B) Euglenoids
C) Green algae
D) Brown algae
E) Dinoflagellates

Question 42

What is the translation of "pseudopodia," a characteristic of the amoebas?

A) Slow feet
B) False pods
C) False feet
D) Fake casings
E) Similar moves

Question 43

An example of an excavate that has a pellicle is Euglena .

Question 44

Coralline forms of which group of protists are ecologically important in the formation of coral reefs?

A) Red algae
B) Euglenoids
C) Green algae
D) Brown algae
E) Dinoflagellates

Question 45

You find a unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia. When you expose the cells to cAMP, they aggregate into a slug like structure. Based on this information, you correctly conclude that this organism is known as:

A) Chlamydomonas .
B) Chaos carolinense .
C) Entamoeba histolytica .
D) Dictyostelium discoideum .
E) Physarum polycephalum .

Question 46

____________ are the largest and most complex of all algae.

A) brown algae
B) red algae
C) green algae
D) golden algae
E) orange algae

Question 47

Which protist group are characterized by a multinucleate amoeboid-like feeding form?

A) Plasmodial slime molds
B) Cellular slime molds
C) Water molds
D) Amoebozoa
E) Brown algae

Question 48

Parabasilids are excavates that lack functional mitochondria and lack a Golgi complex.

Question 49

When brown algae divide asexually, each new cell retains half of the original cell.

Question 50

The stramenopiles include water molds, diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.

Question 51

You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is a(n):

A) plasmodial slime mold.
B) cellular slime mold.
C) choanoflagellate.
D) foraminiferan.
E) alveolate.

Question 52

Name the two main clades of Rhizaria and name one way to distinguish the clades from each other.

Question 53

What are the structures that allow motility in amoebozoa, excavates, and ciliates?

Question 54

Actinopods are mostly marine plankton rhizarians with long, filamentous cytoplasmic projections called __________.

A) cytoplasmic projections
B) flagella
C) axopods
D) cilia
E) forams

Question 55

Which protist group does not have flagellated cells?

A) Water molds
B) Brown algae
C) Golden algae
D) Euglenoids
E) Red algae

Question 56

According to the serial endosymbiosis hypothesis, the ancestors of mitochondria are thought to be purple bacteria.

Question 57

The body of a water mold is called a mycelium.

Question 58

Identify the modes of nutrition found in members of the protists and include one example for each.

Question 59

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for:

A) digestion.
B) excretion.
C) locomotion.
D) reproduction.
E) avoiding predation.

Question 60

Red tides are caused by red algae.

Question 61

Land plants are thought to have arisen most directly from a red algal ancestor.

Question 62

Name three diseases caused by protozoa. Include the causal organism, the group in which it is classified, and its means of transmission when possible.

Question 63

Describe the evolutionary importance of choanoflagellates.

Question 71

Foraminiferans are Rhizarians .

Question 72

Coccolithophorids are marine members of the brown algae.

Question 74

The archaeplastids include the red algae and the green algae.

Question 75

Amoebozoans move by means of flagella.

Question 76

What evidence supports serial endosymbiosis of mitochondria?