Match between columns Premises: nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics nutrigenomics chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant gene variant hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis hemochromatosis phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria phenylketonuria deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia sitosterolemia epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic epigenetic genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genotype genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics genomics nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia galactosemia single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects single-gene defects genes genes genes genes genes genes genes genes genes genes genes genes genes genes genes genome genome genome genome genome genome genome genome genome genome genome genome genome genome genome

The Answer of structures in the nuclei of cells that is...

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Deck 26: Nutrition Gene Interactions in Health and Disease

Question

Genetic traits do not affect a person's perception of sweet and savory tastes.

Use Space or

to flip the card.

Question

Most of the disorders resulting from single-gene defects are rare.

Question

Increased level of physical activity appears to help people with pro-obesity gene variants lose weight.

Question

Genes replicate themselves exactly over generations, and lasting modifications in them almost never occur.

Question

The probability of disease development among people with certain genetic traits can sometimes be lowered by lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.

Question

Sitosterolemia is treated by low-phenylalanine diets.

Question

Genetic traits are the main cause of the recent epidemics of obesity and diabetes.

Question

Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more calcium than normal.

Question

Some people get the set of genes that make them highly sensitive to bitter-tasting foods.

Question

DNA is placed in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question

Enzymes and other proteins produced as a result of genetic codes are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body.

Question

It is estimated that 90% of DNA alterations associated with disease are due to genes rather than gene variants.

Question

Hemochromatosis is a fairly common single-gene defect disorder.

Question

Gene variants related to impaired folate and choline utilization can decrease the need for folate and choline.

Question

All humans share 99.9% of the same DNA.

Question

Women who have certain gene variants have a higher risk of developing breast cancer if they regularly consume cabbages.

Question

Humans have 30 pairs of chromosomes.

Question

Personalized modifications of dietary intake based on genotypes will become standard practice in clinical dietetics and medicine.

Question

Knowledge of an individual's genetic makeup does not provide enough information to reliably indicate disease risk.

Question

All sections of DNA code for protein synthesis.

Question

PKU causes high levels of _____ to build up in the blood.

A) lysine
B) threonine
C) phenylalanine
D) methionine
E) valine

Question

Among individuals with particular gene types, high-fat diets increase insulin resistance and fat stores in the liver and increase the risk of _____.

A) galactosemia
B) phenylketonuria
C) type 2 diabetes
D) heart disease and obesity
E) hepatitis B

Question

People with galactosemia must avoid _____ for life.

A) fruits
B) vegetable oils
C) grains
D) milk and milk products
E) fish

Question

Which structure in the nuclei of cells contains genes?

A) membrane
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) chromosomes
D) ribosome
E) cytoplasm

Question

What percentage of an individual's DNA is unique?

A) 0.1%
B) 0.9%
C) 1%
D) 2%
E) 9%

Question

Genomics includes the scientific study of complex diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and _____.

A) celiac disease
B) osteoporosis
C) anemia
D) asthma
E) scurvy

Question

The human genome is estimated to contain _____ genes.

A) 10,000 to 12,000
B) 13,000 to 15,000
C) 16,000 to 18,000
D) 20,000 to 25,000
E) 26,000 to 30,000

Question

All babies born in the United States and many other countries are tested for _____ after birth.

A) PKU
B) galactosemia
C) hemochromatosis
D) sitosterolemia
E) cystic fibrosis

Question

Hemochromatosis is treated with medications and a diet low in _____.

A) sodium and potassium
B) milk and milk products
C) gluten and plant sterols
D) calcium and vitamin D
E) iron and vitamin C

Question

A nucleotide consists of a base plus a molecule of _____ and one of phosphoric acid.

A) sugar
B) water
C) fat
D) nitrate
E) phosphate

Question

A nucleotide consists of a base, a molecule of sugar, and _____.

A) hydrochloric acid
B) sulfuric acid
C) nitric acid
D) phosphoric acid
E) citric acid

Question

How is PKU treated?

A) medication
B) surgery
C) elimination of milk and milk products
D) a low-phenylalanine diet
E) a high-protein diet

Question

_____ refers to a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene.

A) Chromosome
B) Epigenetic
C) Genome
D) Genotype
E) Gene variant

Question

The DNA base pairs are adenine, thymine, guanine, and _____.

A) glutamic acid
B) proline
C) glutamine
D) choline
E) cytosine

Question

A child suffering from galactosemia can eat _____.

A) whey
B) yogurt
C) beef
D) cheese
E) nonfat dry milk

Question

The influence of gene variants on weight gain is decreased by _____.

A) an increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids
B) physical activity
C) medication
D) low-fat diets
E) low-carbohydrate diets

Question

Which substances, produced as a result of genetic codes, are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body?

A) glucose and hormones
B) enzymes and proteins
C) cholesterol and triglycerides
D) insulin and glucagon
E) glycogen and water

Question

Noncoding segments of DNA contain _____.

A) genetic codes for protein formation
B) genetic codes for enzyme production
C) instructions for the regulation of gene activity
D) instructions for growth
E) instructions for healing

Question

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A) 19
B) 23
C) 27
D) 31
E) 35

Question

What is the combined term for "genes" and "chromosomes"?

A) genome
B) genes
C) genotype
D) genomics
E) epigenetics

Question

Match between columns

nutrigenomics

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

nutrigenomics

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

nutrigenomics

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

nutrigenomics

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

nutrigenomics

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

nutrigenomics

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

nutrigenomics

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

nutrigenomics

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

nutrigenomics

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

nutrigenomics

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

nutrigenomics

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

nutrigenomics

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

nutrigenomics

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

nutrigenomics

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

nutrigenomics

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

chromosomes

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

chromosomes

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

chromosomes

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

chromosomes

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

chromosomes

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

chromosomes

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

chromosomes

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

chromosomes

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

chromosomes

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

chromosomes

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

chromosomes

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

chromosomes

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

chromosomes

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

chromosomes

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

chromosomes

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

gene variant

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

gene variant

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

gene variant

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

gene variant

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

gene variant

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

gene variant

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

gene variant

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

gene variant

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

gene variant

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

gene variant

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

gene variant

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

gene variant

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

gene variant

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

gene variant

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

gene variant

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

hemochromatosis

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

hemochromatosis

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

hemochromatosis

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

hemochromatosis

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

hemochromatosis

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

hemochromatosis

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

hemochromatosis

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

hemochromatosis

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

hemochromatosis

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

hemochromatosis

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

hemochromatosis

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

hemochromatosis

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

hemochromatosis

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

hemochromatosis

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

hemochromatosis

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

phenylketonuria

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

phenylketonuria

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

phenylketonuria

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

phenylketonuria

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

phenylketonuria

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

phenylketonuria

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

phenylketonuria

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

phenylketonuria

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

phenylketonuria

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

phenylketonuria

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

phenylketonuria

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

phenylketonuria

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

phenylketonuria

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

phenylketonuria

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

phenylketonuria

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

deoxyribonucleic acid

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

deoxyribonucleic acid

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

deoxyribonucleic acid

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

deoxyribonucleic acid

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

deoxyribonucleic acid

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

deoxyribonucleic acid

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

deoxyribonucleic acid

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

deoxyribonucleic acid

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

deoxyribonucleic acid

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

deoxyribonucleic acid

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

deoxyribonucleic acid

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

deoxyribonucleic acid

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

deoxyribonucleic acid

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

deoxyribonucleic acid

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

sitosterolemia

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

sitosterolemia

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

sitosterolemia

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

sitosterolemia

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

sitosterolemia

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

sitosterolemia

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

sitosterolemia

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

sitosterolemia

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

sitosterolemia

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

sitosterolemia

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

sitosterolemia

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

sitosterolemia

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

sitosterolemia

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

sitosterolemia

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

sitosterolemia

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

epigenetic

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

epigenetic

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

epigenetic

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

epigenetic

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

epigenetic

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

epigenetic

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

epigenetic

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

epigenetic

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

epigenetic

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

epigenetic

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

epigenetic

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

epigenetic

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

epigenetic

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

epigenetic

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

epigenetic

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genotype

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

genotype

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

genotype

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

genotype

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

genotype

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

genotype

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

genotype

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

genotype

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

genotype

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

genotype

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

genotype

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genotype

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

genotype

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

genotype

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

genotype

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genomics

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

genomics

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

genomics

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

genomics

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

genomics

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

genomics

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

genomics

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

genomics

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

genomics

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

genomics

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

genomics

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genomics

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

genomics

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

genomics

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

genomics

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

nucleotide

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

nucleotide

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

nucleotide

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

nucleotide

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

nucleotide

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

nucleotide

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

nucleotide

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

nucleotide

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

nucleotide

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

nucleotide

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

nucleotide

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

nucleotide

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

nucleotide

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

nucleotide

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

nucleotide

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

galactosemia

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

galactosemia

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

galactosemia

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

galactosemia

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

galactosemia

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

galactosemia

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

galactosemia

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

galactosemia

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

galactosemia

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

galactosemia

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

galactosemia

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

galactosemia

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

galactosemia

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

galactosemia

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

galactosemia

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

single-gene defects

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

single-gene defects

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

single-gene defects

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

single-gene defects

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

single-gene defects

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

single-gene defects

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

single-gene defects

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

single-gene defects

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

single-gene defects

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

single-gene defects

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

single-gene defects

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

single-gene defects

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

single-gene defects

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

single-gene defects

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

single-gene defects

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genes

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

genes

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

genes

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

genes

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

genes

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

genes

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

genes

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

genes

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

genes

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

genes

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

genes

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genes

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

genes

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

genes

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

genes

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genome

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

genome

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

genome

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

genome

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

genome

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

genome

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

genome

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

genome

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

genome

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

genome

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

genome

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genome

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

genome

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

genome

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

genome

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

Question

People who prefer sweet and savory tastes tend to have a higher _____ than people who do not.

A) body mass index
B) blood pressure
C) waist circumference
D) heart rate
E) heart rate

Question

High blood levels of phenylalanine during growth lead to _____.

A) mental retardation
B) hyperactivity
C) poor vision
D) asthma
E) a compromised immune system

Question

Catherine is a college senior who is taking a health and nutrition course. The class is studying family health history. After completing her family health history project, Catherine realizes that she has a family history of breast cancer and obesity. Catherine wants to continue to study and learn how she can reduce her risk of certain diseases through lifestyle changes.
What should Catherine do to decrease her chances of developing gene-related diseases?

A) Nothing, she can't change her genotype.
B) talk to her doctor about having her genetic profile mapped and then altered accordingly
C) increase her physical activity and vegetable intake and avoid harmful environmental factors
D) talk to a genetic therapist
E) try vitamin and mineral supplements

Question

Catherine is a college senior who is taking a health and nutrition course. The class is studying family health history. After completing her family health history project, Catherine realizes that she has a family history of breast cancer and obesity. Catherine wants to continue to study and learn how she can reduce her risk of certain diseases through lifestyle changes.
How can Catherine modify her diet to lower her risk of developing breast cancer?

A) eliminate caffeine
B) eliminate fried foods
C) increase her folate intake
D) regularly consume cruciferous vegetables
E) regularly consume calcium and vitamin D

Question

Catherine is a college senior who is taking a health and nutrition course. The class is studying family health history. After completing her family health history project, Catherine realizes that she has a family history of breast cancer and obesity. Catherine wants to continue to study and learn how she can reduce her risk of certain diseases through lifestyle changes.
Catherine knows she should eat more vegetables, but she cannot stand their bitter taste. What is most likely the reason that vegetables taste intensely bitter to Catherine?

A) Catherine may have a set of genes that make her nose extremely sensitive to the smell of vegetables.
B) Catherine may have a set of genes that make her highly sensitive to bitter tastes.
C) Catherine's mother never liked vegetables and did not eat many when she was pregnant with Catherine; therefore, Catherine developed a genetically sensitive palate.
D) Catherine simply believes vegetables are bitter tasting, and it is all in her head.
E) Catherine has a single-gene defect.

Question

Exposure to famine during early pregnancy can promote the development of gene variants that modify glucose utilization in ways that increase the risk of _____.

A) galactosemia
B) celiac disease
C) hypertension
D) hemochromatosis
E) type 2 diabetes

Question

DNA is _____.

A) a single helix
B) a double helix
C) a triple helix
D) disc-shaped
E) non-helical

Question

How is sitosterolemia treated?

A) elimination of phenylalanine
B) elimination of gluten
C) a diet low in lactose
D) a diet low in plant sterols
E) a diet low in sodium

Question

Which food most likely contains plant sterols?

A) bacon
B) chicken
C) almonds
D) yogurt
E) cheese

Question

People born with a high sensitivity to bitter tastes tend to dislike _____.

A) milk
B) canola oil
C) spinach
D) apples
E) tomatoes

Question

Diseases such as diabetes and cancer are typically caused by interactions between genetic traits and _____.

A) psychological factors
B) smoking
C) dietary habits
D) environmental factors
E) physical inactivity

Question

Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more _____ than normal.

A) iron
B) zinc
C) vitamin B ₁₂
D) folate
E) calcium

Question

Which single-gene defect disorder is fairly common and affects 1 in 300 Caucasians?

A) galactosemia
B) hemochromatosis
C) sitosterolemia
D) muscular dystrophy
E) PKU

Question

Which of the following statements is true of hemochromatosis?

A) It is a condition caused by the inability of the cells in the small intestine to dispose of plant sterols.
B) It causes plaque buildup in arteries and increases the risk of stroke.
C) It is treated with a low-galactose diet and excessive physical activity.
D) It is a single-gene disorder caused by a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.
E) It worsens when excess vitamin C is ingested.

Question

Accumulation of plant sterols in the body increases the risk of _____.

A) obesity
B) heart disease
C) diabetes
D) cancer
E) celiac disease

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Deck 26: Nutrition Gene Interactions in Health and Disease

Genetic traits do not affect a person's perception of sweet and savory tastes.

True

Most of the disorders resulting from single-gene defects are rare.

True

Increased level of physical activity appears to help people with pro-obesity gene variants lose weight.

True

Genes replicate themselves exactly over generations, and lasting modifications in them almost never occur.

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The probability of disease development among people with certain genetic traits can sometimes be lowered by lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.

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Sitosterolemia is treated by low-phenylalanine diets.

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Genetic traits are the main cause of the recent epidemics of obesity and diabetes.

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Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more calcium than normal.

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Some people get the set of genes that make them highly sensitive to bitter-tasting foods.

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DNA is placed in the endoplasmic reticulum.

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Enzymes and other proteins produced as a result of genetic codes are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body.

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It is estimated that 90% of DNA alterations associated with disease are due to genes rather than gene variants.

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Hemochromatosis is a fairly common single-gene defect disorder.

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Gene variants related to impaired folate and choline utilization can decrease the need for folate and choline.

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All humans share 99.9% of the same DNA.

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Women who have certain gene variants have a higher risk of developing breast cancer if they regularly consume cabbages.

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Humans have 30 pairs of chromosomes.

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Personalized modifications of dietary intake based on genotypes will become standard practice in clinical dietetics and medicine.

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Knowledge of an individual's genetic makeup does not provide enough information to reliably indicate disease risk.

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All sections of DNA code for protein synthesis.

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PKU causes high levels of _____ to build up in the blood.

A) lysine
B) threonine
C) phenylalanine
D) methionine
E) valine

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Among individuals with particular gene types, high-fat diets increase insulin resistance and fat stores in the liver and increase the risk of _____.

A) galactosemia
B) phenylketonuria
C) type 2 diabetes
D) heart disease and obesity
E) hepatitis B

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People with galactosemia must avoid _____ for life.

A) fruits
B) vegetable oils
C) grains
D) milk and milk products
E) fish

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Which structure in the nuclei of cells contains genes?

A) membrane
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) chromosomes
D) ribosome
E) cytoplasm

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What percentage of an individual's DNA is unique?

A) 0.1%
B) 0.9%
C) 1%
D) 2%
E) 9%

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Genomics includes the scientific study of complex diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and _____.

A) celiac disease
B) osteoporosis
C) anemia
D) asthma
E) scurvy

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The human genome is estimated to contain _____ genes.

A) 10,000 to 12,000
B) 13,000 to 15,000
C) 16,000 to 18,000
D) 20,000 to 25,000
E) 26,000 to 30,000

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All babies born in the United States and many other countries are tested for _____ after birth.

A) PKU
B) galactosemia
C) hemochromatosis
D) sitosterolemia
E) cystic fibrosis

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Hemochromatosis is treated with medications and a diet low in _____.

A) sodium and potassium
B) milk and milk products
C) gluten and plant sterols
D) calcium and vitamin D
E) iron and vitamin C

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A nucleotide consists of a base plus a molecule of _____ and one of phosphoric acid.

A) sugar
B) water
C) fat
D) nitrate
E) phosphate

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A nucleotide consists of a base, a molecule of sugar, and _____.

A) hydrochloric acid
B) sulfuric acid
C) nitric acid
D) phosphoric acid
E) citric acid

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How is PKU treated?

A) medication
B) surgery
C) elimination of milk and milk products
D) a low-phenylalanine diet
E) a high-protein diet

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_____ refers to a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene.

A) Chromosome
B) Epigenetic
C) Genome
D) Genotype
E) Gene variant

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The DNA base pairs are adenine, thymine, guanine, and _____.

A) glutamic acid
B) proline
C) glutamine
D) choline
E) cytosine

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A child suffering from galactosemia can eat _____.

A) whey
B) yogurt
C) beef
D) cheese
E) nonfat dry milk

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The influence of gene variants on weight gain is decreased by _____.

A) an increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids
B) physical activity
C) medication
D) low-fat diets
E) low-carbohydrate diets

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Which substances, produced as a result of genetic codes, are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body?

A) glucose and hormones
B) enzymes and proteins
C) cholesterol and triglycerides
D) insulin and glucagon
E) glycogen and water

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Noncoding segments of DNA contain _____.

A) genetic codes for protein formation
B) genetic codes for enzyme production
C) instructions for the regulation of gene activity
D) instructions for growth
E) instructions for healing

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How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A) 19
B) 23
C) 27
D) 31
E) 35

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What is the combined term for "genes" and "chromosomes"?

A) genome
B) genes
C) genotype
D) genomics
E) epigenetics

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Match between columns

nutrigenomics

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

nutrigenomics

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

nutrigenomics

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

nutrigenomics

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

nutrigenomics

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

nutrigenomics

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

nutrigenomics

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

nutrigenomics

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

nutrigenomics

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

nutrigenomics

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

nutrigenomics

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

nutrigenomics

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

nutrigenomics

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

nutrigenomics

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

nutrigenomics

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

chromosomes

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

chromosomes

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

chromosomes

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

chromosomes

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

chromosomes

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

chromosomes

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

chromosomes

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

chromosomes

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

chromosomes

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

chromosomes

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

chromosomes

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

chromosomes

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

chromosomes

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

chromosomes

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

chromosomes

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

gene variant

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

gene variant

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

gene variant

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

gene variant

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

gene variant

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

gene variant

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

gene variant

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

gene variant

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

gene variant

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

gene variant

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

gene variant

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

gene variant

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

gene variant

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

gene variant

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

gene variant

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

hemochromatosis

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

hemochromatosis

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

hemochromatosis

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

hemochromatosis

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

hemochromatosis

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

hemochromatosis

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

hemochromatosis

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

hemochromatosis

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

hemochromatosis

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

hemochromatosis

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

hemochromatosis

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

hemochromatosis

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

hemochromatosis

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

hemochromatosis

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

hemochromatosis

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

phenylketonuria

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

phenylketonuria

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

phenylketonuria

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

phenylketonuria

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

phenylketonuria

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

phenylketonuria

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

phenylketonuria

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

phenylketonuria

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

phenylketonuria

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

phenylketonuria

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

phenylketonuria

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

phenylketonuria

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

phenylketonuria

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

phenylketonuria

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

phenylketonuria

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

deoxyribonucleic acid

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

deoxyribonucleic acid

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

deoxyribonucleic acid

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

deoxyribonucleic acid

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

deoxyribonucleic acid

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

deoxyribonucleic acid

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

deoxyribonucleic acid

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

deoxyribonucleic acid

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

deoxyribonucleic acid

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

deoxyribonucleic acid

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

deoxyribonucleic acid

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

deoxyribonucleic acid

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

deoxyribonucleic acid

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

deoxyribonucleic acid

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

sitosterolemia

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

sitosterolemia

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

sitosterolemia

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

sitosterolemia

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

sitosterolemia

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

sitosterolemia

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

sitosterolemia

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

sitosterolemia

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

sitosterolemia

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

sitosterolemia

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

sitosterolemia

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

sitosterolemia

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

sitosterolemia

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

sitosterolemia

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

sitosterolemia

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

epigenetic

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

epigenetic

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

epigenetic

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

epigenetic

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

epigenetic

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

epigenetic

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

epigenetic

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

epigenetic

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

epigenetic

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

epigenetic

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

epigenetic

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

epigenetic

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

epigenetic

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

epigenetic

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

epigenetic

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genotype

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

genotype

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

genotype

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

genotype

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

genotype

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

genotype

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

genotype

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

genotype

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

genotype

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

genotype

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

genotype

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genotype

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

genotype

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

genotype

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

genotype

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genomics

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

genomics

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

genomics

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

genomics

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

genomics

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

genomics

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

genomics

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

genomics

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

genomics

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

genomics

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

genomics

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genomics

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

genomics

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

genomics

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

genomics

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

nucleotide

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

nucleotide

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

nucleotide

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

nucleotide

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

nucleotide

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

nucleotide

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

nucleotide

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

nucleotide

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

nucleotide

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

nucleotide

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

nucleotide

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

nucleotide

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

nucleotide

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

nucleotide

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

nucleotide

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

galactosemia

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

galactosemia

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

galactosemia

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

galactosemia

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

galactosemia

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

galactosemia

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

galactosemia

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

galactosemia

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

galactosemia

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

galactosemia

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

galactosemia

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

galactosemia

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

galactosemia

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

galactosemia

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

galactosemia

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

single-gene defects

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

single-gene defects

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

single-gene defects

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

single-gene defects

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

single-gene defects

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

single-gene defects

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

single-gene defects

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

single-gene defects

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

single-gene defects

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

single-gene defects

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

single-gene defects

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

single-gene defects

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

single-gene defects

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

single-gene defects

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

single-gene defects

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genes

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

genes

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

genes

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

genes

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

genes

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

genes

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

genes

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

genes

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

genes

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

genes

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

genes

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genes

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

genes

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

genes

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

genes

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genome

structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes

genome

segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis, or production, of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes

genome

heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in the DNA sequence

genome

a single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose found in lactose

genome

a different form of a gene that has a different functional status than the original gene

genome

basic units of heredity that occupy specific places (loci) on chromosomes

genome

represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism

genome

study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome

genome

the specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

genome

occurs because of a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food

genome

a rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

genome

study of the interactions between genes, gene variants, and nutrients

genome

a rare genetic disorder caused by a lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

genome

disorders resulting from one abnormal gene

genome

A rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces

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People who prefer sweet and savory tastes tend to have a higher _____ than people who do not.

A) body mass index
B) blood pressure
C) waist circumference
D) heart rate
E) heart rate

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High blood levels of phenylalanine during growth lead to _____.

A) mental retardation
B) hyperactivity
C) poor vision
D) asthma
E) a compromised immune system

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Catherine is a college senior who is taking a health and nutrition course. The class is studying family health history. After completing her family health history project, Catherine realizes that she has a family history of breast cancer and obesity. Catherine wants to continue to study and learn how she can reduce her risk of certain diseases through lifestyle changes.
How can Catherine modify her diet to lower her risk of developing breast cancer?

A) eliminate caffeine
B) eliminate fried foods
C) increase her folate intake
D) regularly consume cruciferous vegetables
E) regularly consume calcium and vitamin D

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Catherine is a college senior who is taking a health and nutrition course. The class is studying family health history. After completing her family health history project, Catherine realizes that she has a family history of breast cancer and obesity. Catherine wants to continue to study and learn how she can reduce her risk of certain diseases through lifestyle changes.
Catherine knows she should eat more vegetables, but she cannot stand their bitter taste. What is most likely the reason that vegetables taste intensely bitter to Catherine?

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Exposure to famine during early pregnancy can promote the development of gene variants that modify glucose utilization in ways that increase the risk of _____.

A) galactosemia
B) celiac disease
C) hypertension
D) hemochromatosis
E) type 2 diabetes

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DNA is _____.

A) a single helix
B) a double helix
C) a triple helix
D) disc-shaped
E) non-helical

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How is sitosterolemia treated?

A) elimination of phenylalanine
B) elimination of gluten
C) a diet low in lactose
D) a diet low in plant sterols
E) a diet low in sodium

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Which food most likely contains plant sterols?

A) bacon
B) chicken
C) almonds
D) yogurt
E) cheese

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People born with a high sensitivity to bitter tastes tend to dislike _____.

A) milk
B) canola oil
C) spinach
D) apples
E) tomatoes

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Diseases such as diabetes and cancer are typically caused by interactions between genetic traits and _____.

A) psychological factors
B) smoking
C) dietary habits
D) environmental factors
E) physical inactivity

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Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more _____ than normal.

A) iron
B) zinc
C) vitamin B ₁₂
D) folate
E) calcium

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Which single-gene defect disorder is fairly common and affects 1 in 300 Caucasians?

A) galactosemia
B) hemochromatosis
C) sitosterolemia
D) muscular dystrophy
E) PKU

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Which of the following statements is true of hemochromatosis?

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Accumulation of plant sterols in the body increases the risk of _____.

A) obesity
B) heart disease
C) diabetes
D) cancer
E) celiac disease

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Unlock Deck

Unlock for access to all 56 flashcards in this deck.