Deck 24: Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods

Question 1

Vitamin C, especially in high doses, can be harmful to certain groups of people.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Probiotics are considered dietary supplements.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, dietary supplements are minimally regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Structure/function claims on a supplement label can refer to treatment effects.

Question 5

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should seek medical advice before taking herbal remedies.

Question 6

Vitamin and mineral supplements have been found to prevent hypertension but not heart disease.

Question 7

Multivitamin and mineral supplements can turn a poor dietary pattern into a healthful one.

Question 8

The FDA regulates claims for dietary supplements made in print and broadcast advertisements.

Question 9

Some dietary supplements contain banned substances.

Question 10

Dietary supplements are tested, similar to drugs, for safety and effectiveness before they are sold.

Question 11

When choosing a dietary supplement, choose vitamin and mineral supplements containing 100% of the Daily Value or less.

Question 12

All plant-based substances, such as those found in herbal remedies, are safe.

Question 13

Herbal products represent the most popular type of dietary supplement.

Question 14

Dietary supplements are intended to prevent disease.

Question 15

Dietary supplements must be labeled with a Supplemental Facts panel that lists serving size, ingredients, and percent Daily Value of key nutrients.

Question 16

A vitamin or mineral supplement is indicated when a deficiency exists.

Question 17

About half of U.S. adults use one or more of the dietary supplement products available on the market.

Question 18

The USP logo on the product label of a supplement indicates that it effectively treats or prevents a particular disease.

Question 19

Plant products that have not passed the scientific tests needed to demonstrate safety and effectiveness in disease treatment are often called herbs.

Question 20

Dietary supplements are considered drugs.

Question 21

Which dietary supplement lacks beneficial effects or has adverse side effects according to human studies with various herbal remedies?

A) ginseng
B) prebiotics
C) ginger
D) licorice root
E) vitamin K

Question 22

Which herbal remedy should only be used under medical supervision due to multiple interactions?

A) echinacea
B) garlic
C) ginkgo biloba
D) St. John's wort
E) ginger

Question 23

Androstenedione is an herbal remedy that is considered effective and safe.

Question 24

A vegan may benefit from a _____ supplement.

A) vitamin B ₁₂
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin E
D) iron
E) calcium

Question 25

A safety concern of ginger is that it may cause gastrointestinal upset.

Question 26

Probiotics are considered safe and beneficial for individuals with compromised immune status.

Question 27

Identify the true statement about dietary supplements.

A) They have fewer side effects than prescription drugs.
B) They can replace conventional medicines and the cost associated with health care.
C) They are approved for use by the FDA, but it does not guarantee their claims.
D) They often do not list all the ingredients on the product labels.
E) They are tested for effectiveness before they reach the market, similar to drugs.

Question 28

DHEA is an example of which type of dietary supplement?

A) herbs
B) proteins
C) hormones
D) minerals
E) vitamins

Question 29

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by decreasing the _____.

A) symptoms and onset of urinary tract infections
B) incidence of heartburn
C) symptoms and onset of ear infections
D) duration of colds
E) immune functions of the colon

Question 30

Miso soup is a source of prebiotics.

Question 31

Creatine is an example of a(n) _____ supplement.

A) vitamin and mineral
B) herbal
C) protein and amino acid
D) fat
E) prebiotic

Question 32

It is unsafe for people who have an autoimmune disorder to use _____.

A) St. John's wort
B) garlic
C) ginkgo biloba
D) echinacea
E) ginger

Question 33

What is a valid reason for consuming a vitamin or mineral supplement?

A) behavioral problems
B) diagnosed deficiency
C) sexual dysfunction
D) obesity
E) autism

Question 34

Which herbal remedy may decrease blood clotting and interact with blood thinners?

A) echinacea
B) garlic
C) ginkgo biloba
D) St. John's wort
E) ginger

Question 35

The dosage of vitamin and mineral supplements can safely be exceeded.

Question 36

Which herbal remedy acts as an anticoagulant and should not be used by people with bleeding or seizure disorders?

A) echinacea
B) garlic
C) ginkgo biloba
D) St. John's wort
E) ginger

Question 37

The USP logo on a supplement label indicates that the product _____.

A) meets standards for disintegration, purity, potency, and labeling
B) is safe for everyone to use
C) is effective
D) has been approved by the FTC
E) has been approved by the FDA

Question 38

According to _____ regulations, dietary supplements must be labeled with a Supplemental Facts panel.

A) FTC
B) FDA
C) USDA
D) NIH
E) HHS

Question 39

Bifidobacteria helps prevent disease.

Question 40

A person experiencing blood loss may benefit from _____ supplements.

A) zinc
B) magnesium
C) sodium
D) iron
E) potassium

Question 41

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by enhancing the absorption of certain _____.

A) essential fatty acids
B) vitamins
C) amino acids
D) glucose
E) minerals

Question 42

Alan is a 30-year-old man who has recently lost 30 pounds. He lost the excess weight by watching his diet and working out. He would like to lose the last ten pounds he gained through his 20s, most of which is in his abdominal area. Recently, he has become frustrated because his weight loss has slowed down. He has seen advertisements on the Internet and in several fitness magazines for a weight-loss supplement called Acai Berry Plus. The product ads state that the powerful antioxidants in the supplement will melt away abdominal fat and remove waste from the body while he sleeps. Alan is tempted to purchase the product in an attempt to quickly lose the last ten pounds. However, before he decides to purchase the Acai Berry Plus supplement, he learns that there are ingredients in the product he is unfamiliar with. The ingredients list declares the product contains ephedra, ginseng, coenzyme Q10, acai berry extract, chromium, potassium, caffeine, and wheat.
Upon closer review of the supplement's packaging, Alan notices a claim on the label that says, "Improves circulation!" This is an example of a(n) _____.

A) nutrition claim
B) health claim
C) structure/function claim
D) FDA disclaimer
E) medical claim

Question 43

Which individual will most likely benefit from a dietary supplement?

A) Carlos, a college junior with a full course load, who is active in his fraternity and trying to gain muscle mass.
B) Renee, a 28-year-old woman, who is pregnant and a semi-vegetarian.
C) Sam, who is overweight by about 20 pounds and has been increasing his physical activity and decreasing his calorie intake.
D) Pamela, a 48-year-old woman, who is entering menopause and exercises regularly and eats a balanced diet.
E) James, who lives in a rural area that does not have fluoridated water.

Question 44

Identify the dietary supplement that is referred to as "intestinal fertilizer."

A) mineral
B) hormone
C) vitamin
D) prebiotic
E) protein

Question 45

What advice would you give to a friend who is considering taking an herbal supplement?

A) "Many people assume that herbal remedies are safe because they are natural components of plants and have been used in traditional medicine for a long time, but not all plants are safe."
B) "Most health care professionals favor herbal supplements, so you should follow through with taking the supplement."
C) "Herbal supplements are all natural and have few side effects, and the claims made on supplement containers are likely to be true."
D) "The FDA evaluates the quality and effectiveness of herbal supplements, so they are safe to take."
E) "It is okay to try herbal remedies before going to the doctor for certain conditions such as depression."

Question 46

Use of probiotics may cause _____.

A) ulcers
B) temporary gas and bloating
C) irregular heartbeats
D) hypertension
E) a temporary spike in insulin

Question 47

Alan is a 30-year-old man who has recently lost 30 pounds. He lost the excess weight by watching his diet and working out. He would like to lose the last ten pounds he gained through his 20s, most of which is in his abdominal area. Recently, he has become frustrated because his weight loss has slowed down. He has seen advertisements on the Internet and in several fitness magazines for a weight-loss supplement called Acai Berry Plus. The product ads state that the powerful antioxidants in the supplement will melt away abdominal fat and remove waste from the body while he sleeps. Alan is tempted to purchase the product in an attempt to quickly lose the last ten pounds. However, before he decides to purchase the Acai Berry Plus supplement, he learns that there are ingredients in the product he is unfamiliar with. The ingredients list declares the product contains ephedra, ginseng, coenzyme Q10, acai berry extract, chromium, potassium, caffeine, and wheat.
Which ingredient in the supplement has been found to be unsafe or ineffective according to human studies with various herbal remedies?

A) acai berry extract
B) ephedra
C) coenzyme Q10
D) caffeine
E) chromium

Question 48

Alan is a 30-year-old man who has recently lost 30 pounds. He lost the excess weight by watching his diet and working out. He would like to lose the last ten pounds he gained through his 20s, most of which is in his abdominal area. Recently, he has become frustrated because his weight loss has slowed down. He has seen advertisements on the Internet and in several fitness magazines for a weight-loss supplement called Acai Berry Plus. The product ads state that the powerful antioxidants in the supplement will melt away abdominal fat and remove waste from the body while he sleeps. Alan is tempted to purchase the product in an attempt to quickly lose the last ten pounds. However, before he decides to purchase the Acai Berry Plus supplement, he learns that there are ingredients in the product he is unfamiliar with. The ingredients list declares the product contains ephedra, ginseng, coenzyme Q10, acai berry extract, chromium, potassium, caffeine, and wheat.
Which ingredient in the acai berry supplement is a prebiotic?

A) coenzyme Q10
B) chromium
C) ephedra
D) wheat
E) potassium

Question 49

What is the best advice for someone who consistently eats junk foods and processed foods, but insists that his diet is healthy because he takes a multivitamin and mineral supplement daily? The health quality of a dietary pattern is determined by more than its vitamin and mineral content.

A) In addition to the daily vitamin and mineral supplement, he should take an herbal supplement.
B) His current dietary practices are adequate for maintaining health as long as he continues to supplement his diet.
C) The health quality of a dietary pattern is determined by more than its vitamin and mineral content.
D) In addition to his daily vitamin and mineral supplement, he should also increase his intake of protein.
E) As long as he exercises daily, his current dietary practices are adequate for maintaining health.

Question 50

Which bacterium helps prevent disease through a variety of mechanisms?

A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Listeria
C) E. coli 0157:H7
D) Lactobacillus
E) Salmonella

Question 51

If a function claim is made on the label or package inserts, the label or insert must include the FDA disclaimer, which states that the _____.

A) validity of the claim is supported by an independent research organization
B) effectiveness of the product is supported by scientific research
C) purity and potency of the supplement are guaranteed
D) side effects are minimal
E) FDA does not support the claim

Question 52

Which food is a source of prebiotics?

A) buttermilk
B) rye
C) soy sauce
D) sauerkraut
E) cream cheese

Question 53

Individuals with impaired absorption processes may benefit from _____ supplements.

A) vitamin K
B) iron
C) vitamin C
D) calcium
E) vitamin B ₁₂

Question 56

List the five FDA regulations for dietary supplement labeling.

Question 57

Which food is a source of probiotics?

A) cottage cheese
B) peanut butter
C) garlic
D) milk
E) cranberry juice

Question 58

Dietary supplements _____.

A) are approved for use by the FDA
B) have accurate health claims
C) do not list side effects on product labels
D) are all tested for safety
E) are all tested for effectiveness

Question 59

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by increasing the _____.

A) number of red blood cells in the body
B) health-promoting functions of phytochemicals in the body
C) strength of the cardiovascular system
D) absorption of certain vitamins
E) mass of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestines and colon

Question 60

Who may benefit from a vitamin K supplement?

A) people experiencing blood loss
B) individuals with impaired absorption
C) people at risk of developing osteoporosis
D) vegans
E) newborns

Question 61

Discuss at least five considerations when choosing and using dietary supplements.

Question 62

Discuss six practical considerations related to the use of probiotics.