Deck 2: The Inside Story About Nutrition and Health

Question 1

Identify the type of food associated with increased inflammation, oxidative stress, or both.

A) red wines
B) colorful fruits and vegetables
C) fish oils
D) refined grain products
E) dried beans

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are examples of chronic diseases that can be treated.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Reducing the proportion of adults who are obese and eliminating very low food security among children are examples of Healthy People 2020 nutrition objectives for the nation.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Some diseases are promoted by interactions between nutrients and genes.

Question 5

Beginning in 2011, food guidance materials became labeled "MyPyramid."

Question 6

Chronic diseases are on the rise in countries adopting the Western diet.

Question 7

A dietary risk factor linked to Alzheimer's disease is _____.

A) high intake of olive oil
B) excessive vigorous exercise
C) regular intake of high animal-fat products
D) high intake of whole grains
E) excessive alcohol consumption

Question 8

Americans have the highest life expectancy in the world.

Question 9

The leading causes of death among Americans are accidents and diabetes.

Question 10

Vitamins C and E function as antioxidants.

Question 11

Free radicals are chemical substances that reduce the damage induced by oxidation reactions in the body.

Question 12

People are born with an internal compass that directs them to select a healthy diet.

Question 13

Free radicals are chemical substances that are missing electrons.

Question 14

Which type of diabetes is the most common?

A) type 1 diabetes
B) type 2 diabetes
C) juvenile diabetes
D) gestational diabetes
E) prediabetes

Question 15

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey assesses dietary intake, health, and nutritional status in a sample of adults and children in the United States on a continual basis.

Question 16

Hypertension is defined as blood pressure exerted inside of blood vessel walls that typically is 120/80 mm Hg.

Question 17

Cancer is linked to low intake of fruits and vegetables and regular consumption of processed meats.

Question 18

The regular consumption of processed meats and low vegetable and fruit intake are associated with the development of _____.

A) tooth decay
B) osteoporosis
C) cancer
D) anemia
E) type 1 diabetes

Question 19

The American Heart Association concludes that future gains in heart health among Americans will stem primarily from _____.

A) improved dietary intakes
B) improved hypertension medications
C) improved hyperlipidemia medications
D) decreased intake of whole grains
E) decreased caffeine consumption

Question 20

Genetic traits exert the strongest overall influence on health and longevity.

Question 21

Jamie wants to change her diet to reduce her risk of hypertension, so she decides to maintain a _____ intake.

A) high sodium
B) high alcohol
C) high potassium
D) low vegetable and fruit
E) high fat

Question 22

Which food most likely resembles what our early human ancestors would have eaten?

A) margarine
B) oatmeal
C) cheese
D) berries
E) refined grain products

Question 23

Dietary risk factors such as low intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grains; excess body fat and alcohol intake; and high animal-fat intake are associated with the development of _____.

A) insomnia
B) tooth decay and gum disease
C) chronic inflammation and oxidative stress
D) impaired growth
E) asthma

Question 24

Using USDA's advice on healthy food choices, which lifestyle change would you recommend to someone trying to adopt a healthier lifestyle?

A) Eliminate the intake of olive oil.
B) Increase the intake of refined grains.
C) Increase the intake of high-fat dairy products.
D) Eliminate the intake of colorful fruits.
E) Increase the intake of dried beans.

Question 25

The _____ rate tends to increase among some population groups after they immigrate to the United States.

A) hypertension
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) obesity
D) anemia
E) kidney disease

Question 26

According to ChooseMyPlate.gov, half of your plate should consist of _____.

A) dairy
B) fruits and dairy
C) protein
D) vegetables and fruits
E) grains and dairy

Question 27

According to ChooseMyPlate.gov, make at least _____% of your grains whole grains.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 50
D) 80
E) 100

Question 28

The human body was built to function best on a diet that is _____.

A) low in vegetables and fruits
B) high in processed meat
C) high in trans fat
D) low in fiber
E) low in sugar and sodium

Question 29

Low intake of _____ is associated with lower levels of inflammation.

A) dried beans
B) olive oil
C) processed meats
D) coffee
E) colorful fruits

Question 30

Cirrhosis of the liver is caused by a poor overall diet and excessive consumption of _____.

A) red meat
B) sugar
C) alcohol
D) processed foods
E) sodium

Question 31

What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?

A) heart disease
B) cancer
C) stroke
D) kidney disease
E) diabetes

Question 32

Damage induced by reactions of free radicals can generally be repaired by _____ produced by the body and consumed in vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain products.

A) saturated fats
B) antibiotics
C) reactive oxygen atoms
D) antioxidants
E) unsaturated fats

Question 33

People with the "high-risk" form of the FTO gene experience a higher lifetime risk of _____ compared to those who have the "low-risk" form of the gene.

A) experiencing a stroke
B) becoming anemic
C) developing osteoporosis
D) developing Alzheimer's disease
E) becoming overweight or obese

Question 34

Dietary factors associated with a stroke include _____.

A) low vegetable and fruit intake
B) moderate red wine intake
C) high fiber intake
D) moderate animal-fat intake
E) low iron intake

Question 35

High intake of _____ is associated with decreased inflammation and oxidative stress.

A) fish
B) whole milk
C) red meat
D) sweetened beverages
E) refined grains

Question 36

According to ChooseMyPlate.gov, compare _____ in foods like soup, bread, and frozen meals and choose the foods with lower numbers.

A) calcium
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) iron
E) calories

Question 37

Which country has the highest life expectancy?

A) Japan
B) United States
C) Germany
D) France
E) Spain

Question 38

Which disease or disorder is more likely to occur in an individual with excessive body fat?

A) stroke
B) osteoporosis
C) anemia
D) cancer
E) Alzheimer's disease

Question 39

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

A) kidney disease
B) stroke
C) accidents
D) cancer
E) heart disease

Question 40

An example of an objective for Healthy People 2020 is to _____.

A) decrease the proportion of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside of school meals
B) increase the consumption of saturated fat
C) increase the proportion of Americans with access to a store selling foods encouraged by the Dietary Guidelines
D) reduce iron deficiency among men
E) increase the consumption of sodium

Question 41

ChooseMyPlate.gov recommends replacing sugary drinks with _____.

A) milk
B) tea
C) juice
D) coffee
E) water

Question 43

Ellen and Jane are roommates who are taking a health and nutrition course at their university. After completing their health family tree projects, they each discover that they both have genetic tendencies toward several chronic diseases. Ellen learned that she has a family history of colon cancer, osteoporosis, and hypertension. Jane learned that she has a family history of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The roommates discuss lifestyle changes that they can make to reduce their risks of developing these chronic diseases. Help Ellen and Jane make the right decisions regarding their health and nutrition by answering questions 50-55. What dietary changes should Jane make to help prevent the chronic diseases to which she is susceptible?

A) Decrease her intake of high-protein, low-fat foods
B) Choose a high-protein diet and minimize fruits and grains
C) Select a weight-loss diet program that replaces meals with protein shakes
D) Decrease her intake of trans fat, added sugar, and overall calories
E) Adopt a gluten-free diet

Question 44

Ellen and Jane are roommates who are taking a health and nutrition course at their university. After completing their health family tree projects, they each discover that they both have genetic tendencies toward several chronic diseases. Ellen learned that she has a family history of colon cancer, osteoporosis, and hypertension. Jane learned that she has a family history of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The roommates discuss lifestyle changes that they can make to reduce their risks of developing these chronic diseases. Help Ellen and Jane make the right decisions regarding their health and nutrition by answering questions 50-55. Jane and Ellen realize that they can reduce their risk of multiple chronic diseases by following recommendations for reducing risk of developing what other health problem?

A) chronic inflammation
B) chronic anemia
C) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D) osteoporosis
E) Alzheimer's disease

Question 45

Which factor exerts the strongest overall influence on health and longevity?

A) lifestyle
B) genetic makeup
C) environmental exposure to toxins
D) access to quality health care
E) gender

Question 46

Food intake recommendations of ChooseMyPlate.gov focus on basic, nutrient-dense foods such as _____, vegetables, fruits, and fish.

A) high-sugar beverages
B) refined grain products
C) high-fat dairy products
D) high-fat meats
E) whole-grain products

Question 47

Type 2 diabetes is associated with _____ intake.

A) high caffeine
B) high iron
C) high saturated fat
D) low whole grain and vegetable
E) low added sugar

Question 48

Diabetes is a disease characterized by abnormal utilization of _____ by the body.

A) amino acids
B) lipids
C) glucose
D) cholesterol
E) lactose

Question 49

Isothiocyanates can be found in _____.

A) fish
B) refined grains
C) tropical fruits
D) cruciferous vegetables
E) legumes

Question 50

Ellen and Jane are roommates who are taking a health and nutrition course at their university. After completing their health family tree projects, they each discover that they both have genetic tendencies toward several chronic diseases. Ellen learned that she has a family history of colon cancer, osteoporosis, and hypertension. Jane learned that she has a family history of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The roommates discuss lifestyle changes that they can make to reduce their risks of developing these chronic diseases. Help Ellen and Jane make the right decisions regarding their health and nutrition by answering questions 50-55. Jane has learned that the chronic diseases she is genetically susceptible to are all _____.

A) associated with inadequate calcium and vitamin D
B) curable and associated with malnutrition
C) associated with low body fat or calorie intake
D) largely genetically determined and associated with malnutrition
E) largely preventable and associated with excessive body fat or calorie intake

Question 51

Ellen and Jane are roommates who are taking a health and nutrition course at their university. After completing their health family tree projects, they each discover that they both have genetic tendencies toward several chronic diseases. Ellen learned that she has a family history of colon cancer, osteoporosis, and hypertension. Jane learned that she has a family history of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The roommates discuss lifestyle changes that they can make to reduce their risks of developing these chronic diseases. Help Ellen and Jane make the right decisions regarding their health and nutrition by answering questions 50-55. Which foods should Ellen consume to help increase her calcium intake and reduce her risk of osteoporosis?

A) whole-grain products
B) trans fats
C) chicken and pork
D) mixed berries and nuts
E) low-fat dairy products fortified with vitamin D

Question 52

Which type of milk is recommended by ChooseMyPlate.gov?

A) whole
B) 2%
C) 1% or fat-free
D) organic
E) lactose-free

Question 53

Which foods are characteristic of the Western-type diet?

A) fish and seafood
B) meat and refined grains
C) dark green and root vegetables
D) dried beans and rice
E) whole grains and olive oil

Question 54

Excessive alcohol intake is associated with _____.

A) stroke
B) osteoporosis
C) gum disease
D) Alzheimer's disease
E) iron-deficiency anemia

Question 55

Ellen and Jane are roommates who are taking a health and nutrition course at their university. After completing their health family tree projects, they each discover that they both have genetic tendencies toward several chronic diseases. Ellen learned that she has a family history of colon cancer, osteoporosis, and hypertension. Jane learned that she has a family history of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The roommates discuss lifestyle changes that they can make to reduce their risks of developing these chronic diseases. Help Ellen and Jane make the right decisions regarding their health and nutrition by answering questions 50-55. Ellen would like to be proactive in reducing her risk of cancer. What specific change can she make to her diet to reduce her risk?

A) Decrease her intake of whole grains
B) Increase her wine intake
C) Decrease her intake of processed meats
D) Increase her intake of dairy products
E) Adopt a Western-style diet

Question 56

Ellen and Jane are roommates who are taking a health and nutrition course at their university. After completing their health family tree projects, they each discover that they both have genetic tendencies toward several chronic diseases. Ellen learned that she has a family history of colon cancer, osteoporosis, and hypertension. Jane learned that she has a family history of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The roommates discuss lifestyle changes that they can make to reduce their risks of developing these chronic diseases. Help Ellen and Jane make the right decisions regarding their health and nutrition by answering questions 50-55. What should Ellen do to reduce her risk of developing hypertension?

A) Reduce her intake of lean meats
B) Increase her intake of fresh fruits and vegetables
C) Increase her intake of processed grains
D) Increase her wine consumption
E) Reduce her intake of vegetable oils