Deck 7: How the Body Uses Food Digestion and Absorption

Question 1

Drinking plenty of fluids is one of the ways to treat constipation.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Microorganisms in the gut produce biotin, vitamin B ₁₂ , and vitamin K.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

High-fiber meals pass through the digestive system somewhat slower than low-fiber meals.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The salivary glands produce enzymes that help to break down _____.

A) fiber and starch
B) carbohydrates and proteins
C) proteins and fats
D) starch and fats
E) fats and fiber

Question 5

Pepsin is produced by the _____.

A) mouth
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
E) gallbladder

Question 6

Inadequate fiber intake has been reported to worsen the symptoms of heartburn in some people.

Question 7

A large percentage of alcohol consumed with meals is absorbed in the _____.

A) small intestine
B) liver
C) stomach
D) large intestine
E) gallbladder

Question 8

The broken-down products of protein digestion are largely absorbed into the lymph vessels.

Question 9

Excessive amounts of certain vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C, thiamin, and sodium are _____.

A) largely excreted in urine
B) largely excreted in perspiration
C) largely excreted in feces
D) stored in the liver
E) stored in muscles

Question 10

Too little fiber is a common cause of constipation and can generally be relieved, and subsequently prevented, by including _____ grams of dietary fiber daily.

A) 5-15
B) 15-20
C) 25-30
D) 35-40
E) 45-50

Question 11

Pepsin separates protein into shorter chains of amino acids.

Question 12

Enzymes are reusable because they are not changed by the chemical reactions they affect.

Question 13

Oats, apples, and pears are good sources of soluble fiber.

Question 14

The amount of salivary amylase produced by individuals _____.

A) is the same for everyone
B) varies based on the level of hunger
C) varies based on genetic traits
D) decreases with age
E) increases with age

Question 15

Water, sodium, and chloride are mainly absorbed by the small intestine.

Question 16

Approximately 5% of a person's body weight is replaced by new tissue each day.

Question 17

If diarrhea lasts for more than two weeks or is severe, it can lead to dehydration, heart and kidney malfunction, and death.

Question 18

Digestive disorders are the leading cause of hospitalization among U.S. adults aged 45 to 64.

Question 19

Cells lining the intestinal tract are replaced every _____.

A) day
B) one to three days
C) five to seven days
D) month
E) 120 days

Question 20

Ingestion of dried beans, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, onions, and corn can be related to _____ in the _____.

A) lactose intolerance; stomach
B) constipation; large intestine
C) stomach acid production; stomach
D) acid reflux; esophagus
E) bacterial production of gas; large intestine

Question 21

Which of the following enzymes is produced in the salivary glands?

A) pancreatic lipase
B) lingual lipase
C) sucrase
D) lactase
E) maltase

Question 22

Heartburn _____.

A) occurs when the valve at the top of the stomach relaxes
B) is related to poor kidney function
C) is related to the presence of some heart conditions
D) symptoms include bloating
E) is not affected by lifestyle changes

Question 23

Which of the following foods must be avoided during diarrhea after rehydration?

A) milk
B) yogurt
C) chicken
D) rice
E) soft drinks

Question 24

Which enzyme separates the disaccharide sucrose into the monosaccharides glucose and fructose?

A) sucrase
B) lipase
C) amylase
D) lactase
E) maltase

Question 25

Which sugar is a monosaccharide?

A) starch
B) maltose
C) lactose
D) galactose
E) sucrose

Question 26

Which of the following enzymes break down protein?

A) amylase and lipase
B) sucrase and maltase
C) maltase and lactase
D) pepsin and trypsin
E) lipase and lactase

Question 27

Fingerlike projections called _____ line the inside of the intestinal wall and increase its surface area.

A) branches
B) villi
C) dendrites
D) papillae
E) fimbriae

Question 28

Ingestion of _____ and _____ may lead to gas formation by bacteria that produce gas as a waste product of carbohydrate digestion.

A) lactose and aspartame
B) fructose and sorbitol
C) glucose and saccharin
D) maltose and mannitol
E) sucrose and isomaltose

Question 29

Which of the following enzymes breaks down starch?

A) sucrase
B) lipase
C) amylase
D) trypsin
E) maltase

Question 30

Which of the following is a source of soluble fiber?

A) wheat bran
B) potato skin
C) cabbage
D) cauliflower
E) carrot

Question 31

Which of the following is a function of the liver during the process of digestion?

A) It produces bile that aids in the digestion of fats.
B) It conducts bile to the small intestine.
C) It stores waste products for elimination.
D) It secretes enzymes that breakdown proteins.
E) It secretes enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates.

Question 32

Constipation is _____.

A) medically defined to exist when an individual does not have a bowel movement every day
B) a disease
C) treated by drinking plenty of fluids
D) characterized by difficulty passing stools because they are hard and dry
E) relieved by cleansing the colon

Question 33

Solid foods tend to stay in the stomach for _____.

A) not more than 20 minutes
B) only an hour
C) about 2 to 4 hours
D) about 6 to 8 hours
E) almost 12 hours

Question 34

The enzyme sucrase is produced in the _____.

A) gallbladder
B) large intestine
C) small intestine
D) liver
E) stomach

Question 35

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders, including heartburn and ulcers. Throughout his college career, Sean experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder. Today is Sean's 22nd birthday, and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks. At the restaurant, Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to celebrate Sean's birthday. They all enjoy the dessert and drinks, especially Sean, who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages. A few hours later, Sean is feeling bloated, has abdominal cramps, and experiences diarrhea. He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest. The enzyme that breaks down the fat in the brownie is produced in the _____.

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) pancreas
D) gallbladder
E) liver

Question 36

Lipase _____.

A) breaks down starch into disaccharides
B) splits short-chain amino acids into smaller molecules
C) breaks down fats into fragments of fatty acids and glycerol
D) separates disaccharides into monosaccharides
E) separates protein into shorter chains of amino acids

Question 37

The broken-down products of fat digestion are largely absorbed into the _____ system, whereas carbohydrate and protein broken down products enter the _____ system.

A) nervous; circulatory
B) muscular; skeletal
C) lymphatic; circulatory
D) lymphatic; nervous
E) circulatory; lymphatic

Question 38

Most cases of diarrhea are due to _____.

A) immunizations against infectious diseases
B) fatty foods
C) interactions between malnutrition and infection
D) large meals
E) dehydration

Question 39

When the diet contains sufficient _____, the bulge of digesting food in the intestine tends to be larger.

A) starch
B) fiber
C) glucose
D) fructose
E) lactose

Question 40

Bile is stored in the _____.

A) stomach
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) gallbladder
E) small intestine

Question 43

Discuss the specific functions of microorganisms in the gut.

Question 44

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders, including heartburn and ulcers. Throughout his college career, Sean experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder. Today is Sean's 22nd birthday, and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks. At the restaurant, Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to celebrate Sean's birthday. They all enjoy the dessert and drinks, especially Sean, who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages. A few hours later, Sean is feeling bloated, has abdominal cramps, and experiences diarrhea. He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest. A couple of weeks later, Sean visits a doctor and the doctor discovers that he has a stomach ulcer. What would be the most likely treatment for the ulcer?

A) a beverage that contains electrolytes
B) relaxation exercises
C) adding soluble fibers to his diet
D) increased physical activity
E) antibiotics

Question 45

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders, including heartburn and ulcers. Throughout his college career, Sean experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder. Today is Sean's 22nd birthday, and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks. At the restaurant, Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to celebrate Sean's birthday. They all enjoy the dessert and drinks, especially Sean, who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages. A few hours later, Sean is feeling bloated, has abdominal cramps, and experiences diarrhea. He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest. The burning sensation that Sean is feeling is his chest is most likely a symptom of which digestive disorder?

A) lactose intolerance
B) irritable bowel syndrome
C) ulcers
D) heartburn
E) constipation

Question 46

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders, including heartburn and ulcers. Throughout his college career, Sean experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder. Today is Sean's 22nd birthday, and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks. At the restaurant, Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to celebrate Sean's birthday. They all enjoy the dessert and drinks, especially Sean, who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages. A few hours later, Sean is feeling bloated, has abdominal cramps, and experiences diarrhea. He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest. Which of the following is most likely the cause of Sean's diarrhea?

A) sugar
B) contaminated food
C) alcohol
D) intake of fatty food
E) stress

Question 47

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders, including heartburn and ulcers. Throughout his college career, Sean experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder. Today is Sean's 22nd birthday, and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks. At the restaurant, Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to celebrate Sean's birthday. They all enjoy the dessert and drinks, especially Sean, who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages. A few hours later, Sean is feeling bloated, has abdominal cramps, and experiences diarrhea. He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest. What was most likely the cause of Sean's ulcer?

A) anxiety over his upcoming midterm exams
B) intake of fatty foods
C) Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection
D) intake of spicy foods
E) overeating