Deck 8: Calories Food Energy and Energy Balance

Question 1

The body has a highly effective means of discouraging excessive intake of calories.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Alcohol serves as a source of energy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Calories are components of food similar to vitamins and minerals.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Identify an energy-requiring process that is a component of basal metabolism.

A) the transportation of nutrients
B) the digestion of food
C) standing
D) walking
E) the maintenance of body temperature

Question 5

People have a tendency to underestimate time spent in physical activity.

Question 6

The onset of satiety can be overridden.

Question 7

The first law of thermodynamics applies to energy balance in humans.

Question 8

1 kcal equals _____ kJ.

A) 1.5
B) 4.2
C) 7.4
D) 9.7
E) 12.0

Question 9

The largest single contributor to energy need is physical activity.

Question 10

The amount of heat released by food while burning in a bomb calorimeter is approximately the same as the amount of energy it supplies to the body.

Question 11

Basal metabolism is also called "active metabolism."

Question 12

A large percentage of people actually have an unusually low BMR.

Question 13

The calorie is used as a measure of _____.

A) energy
B) temperature
C) length
D) weight
E) volume

Question 14

The energy density of food is calculated by dividing the weight in grams of a portion of food by the number of calories present in the portion of food.

Question 15

Men and women can quickly estimate the calories needed for basal metabolic processes by multiplying their body weight in pounds by 12.

Question 16

Fried chicken and grilled chicken have the same energy density.

Question 17

Carbohydrates provide more calories per gram than fats.

Question 18

Mechanisms that encourage food intake depend on weight status.

Question 19

Your estimated total daily need for calories is the sum of calories used for basal metabolism, physical activity, and dietary thermogenesis.

Question 20

Most foods contain a mixture of energy nutrients.

Question 21

Physical activity includes _____.

A) walking
B) breathing
C) growth
D) the renewal of muscle tissue
E) the renewal of bone tissue

Question 22

Nutrient-rich foods _____.

A) decrease dietary thermogenesis
B) decrease basal metabolic rate
C) are associated with a higher weight gain compared to energy-dense foods
D) can be consumed in higher quantities while keeping calorie intake in check
E) tend to have high energy densities

Question 23

Jennifer weighs 120 pounds. Approximately how many calories does she need per day for basal metabolic processes?

A) 1,200
B) 1,320
C) 1,560
D) 1,725
E) 1,865

Question 24

Kristin requires 1,500 calories for basal metabolism and 750 calories for physical activity daily. How many calories does she require for dietary thermogenesis?

A) 150
B) 225
C) 500
D) 750
E) 1,000

Question 25

Calories expended for dietary thermogenesis are estimated as 10% of _____.

A) the basal metabolic calories
B) the usual physical activity calories
C) the difference between basal metabolic and usual physical activity calories
D) the sum of basal metabolic and usual physical activity calories
E) the product of basal metabolic and usual physical activity calories

Question 26

What contributes the most to energy need?

A) the transport of nutrients
B) physical activity
C) basal metabolism
D) the digestion of food
E) the storage of nutrients

Question 27

A diet that regularly includes energy-dense foods is associated with _____.

A) type 2 diabetes
B) osteoporosis
C) headaches
D) gestational diabetes
E) dehydration

Question 28

Which food has a high energy density?

A) broiled fish
B) taco shell
C) fresh strawberries
D) boiled potato
E) bean burrito

Question 29

Basal metabolism accounts for _____% of the total need for calories in the vast majority of people.

A) 10-20
B) 20-30
C) 35-50
D) 60-75
E) 80-95

Question 30

Appetite is _____.

A) a feeling of weakness due to hunger
B) a feeling of fullness
C) a sensation that is aroused by thoughts of food
D) accompanied by unpleasant physical symptoms
E) accompanied by unpleasant psychological sensations

Question 31

Which food consists almost exclusively of one energy nutrient?

A) potatoes
B) bread
C) steak
D) avocados
E) oil

Question 32

Which activity level describes someone who sits most of the day and moves around slowly or stands for less than two hours?

A) resting
B) inactive
C) average
D) active
E) highly active

Question 33

Mario, a college student, requires 1,800 calories a day for basal metabolism and maintains an average level of physical activity. Approximately how many calories would he require for physical activity?

A) 540
B) 720
C) 900
D) 1,080
E) 1,350

Question 34

Basal metabolic rate is determined clinically and in research studies by _____.

A) body mass index
B) skinfold measurements
C) waist circumference
D) bomb calorimeter
E) indirect calorimetry

Question 35

Calculate the calories in a flour tortilla that contains 3 grams of fat, 2 grams of protein, and 17 grams of carbohydrate.

A) 95
B) 103
C) 125
D) 170
E) 198

Question 36

A positive energy balance is normal during _____.

A) pregnancy only
B) childhood but not pregnancy
C) weight loss resulting from an illness
D) participation in weight-loss programs
E) pregnancy and childhood

Question 37

Which food has a low energy density?

A) fried chicken
B) bologna
C) frozen, sweetened strawberries
D) cheeseburger
E) potato salad

Question 38

Sam is an inactive 150-pound male who spends most of his time sitting in class or at his desk job in the library. Calculate the approximate total number of calories expended for basal metabolism, physical activity, and dietary thermogenesis.

A) 1,650
B) 2,145
C) 2,360
D) 2,500
E) 2,645

Question 39

Adults who maintain their weight are in a state of _____.

A) negative energy balance
B) positive energy balance
C) energy balance
D) energy intake
E) energy need

Question 40

Which body tissue is the least metabolically active?

A) brain
B) body fat
C) muscles
D) kidneys
E) liver

Question 41

Bill weighs 185 pounds. Approximately how many calories does he need per day for basal metabolic processes?

A) 1,850
B) 2,035
C) 2,250
D) 2,452
E) 2,500

Question 42

A Salisbury steak dinner contains 27 grams of protein, 54 grams of fat, and 47 grams of carbohydrate. What is the approximate proportion of the percentage of calories from protein, fat, and carbohydrate?

A) 12% from protein, 45% from fat, and 43% from carbohydrate
B) 14% from protein, 54% from fat, and 32% from carbohydrate
C) 14% from protein, 62% from fat, and 24% from carbohydrate
D) 20% from protein, 49% from fat, and 31% from carbohydrate
E) 23% from protein, 41% from fat, and 36% from carbohydrate

Question 45

If a donut provides 150 calories and weighs 20 grams, what is its energy density?

A) 1.5
B) 3.5
C) 5.5
D) 7.5
E) 9.5

Question 46

Discuss energy density and how it may be associated with the obesity epidemic in the United States.

Question 47

Discuss the first law of thermodynamics and how it applies to energy balance in humans.

Question 48

Eric has signed up for a nutrition class this semester with the hope that he would learn how to improve his diet and lose weight in the process. Eric has had a difficult time in the past understanding important aspects of energy balance, such as how many calories his diet should provide for weight loss and how to determine whether a food provides only a few or many calories. Eric weighs 175 pounds and is 5' 8". He enjoys playing sports such as basketball, softball, and soccer, but most days of the week he is too busy with classes and school work to engage in much physical activity. Generally, he sits most of the day and spends two to four hours per day walking and moving around.
Eric's diet consists mainly of processed foods and he tries to avoid eating at fast food restaurants. A typical day includes a donut or pastry and a coffee with cream and sugar for breakfast; a couple of sandwiches with bologna, salami, and cheese on white bread for lunch; and one or two frozen entrées from his freezer such as a fried chicken, Salisbury steak, or a cheese enchilada for dinner. Eric feels like the amount of food he eats is reasonable, and he cannot understand why he is not losing weight.
Calculate the approximate total number of calories Eric needs each day to maintain his current body weight.

A) 3,055 calories
B) 3,176 calories
C) 3,245 calories
D) 3,385 calories
E) 3,462 calories

Question 49

John has a total daily calorie need of 2,516.8 calories of which 528 calories and 228.8 calories are required for physical activity and dietary thermogenesis, respectively. Based on this information, how much does John weigh?

A) 150 pounds
B) 158 pounds
C) 160 pounds
D) 165 pounds
E) 176 pounds

Question 50

A chocolate chip cookie contains 11 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. What is the approximate proportion of the percentage of calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat?

A) 27% from carbohydrate, 15% from protein, and 57% from fat
B) 33% from carbohydrate, 18% from protein, and 48% from fat
C) 38% from carbohydrate, 3% from protein, and 58% from fat
D) 42% from carbohydrate, 5% from protein, and 52% from fat
E) 45% from carbohydrate, 8% from protein, and 46% from fat

Question 51

Hunger _____.

A) occurs more often in people who are underweight
B) occurs more often in people who are overweight
C) does not depend on the weight
D) is triggered by seeing or smelling food
E) is the desire to eat

Question 52

A whole-wheat bagel provides 291 calories and contains 62 grams of carbohydrate. What is the approximate percentage of calories from carbohydrates?

A) 21%
B) 44%
C) 62%
D) 85%
E) 100%

Question 53

A frozen Salisbury steak dinner with gravy, mashed potatoes, and corn contains 27 grams of protein, 54 grams of fat, and 47 grams of carbohydrate. How many calories are provided by the meal?

A) 188 calories
B) 257 calories
C) 486 calories
D) 782 calories
E) 925 calories

Question 54

Four ounces of a hamburger provides 316 calories and contains 32 grams of protein. What is the approximate percentage of calories from protein?

A) 25%
B) 32%
C) 41%
D) 50%
E) 61%

Question 55

Eric has signed up for a nutrition class this semester with the hope that he would learn how to improve his diet and lose weight in the process. Eric has had a difficult time in the past understanding important aspects of energy balance, such as how many calories his diet should provide for weight loss and how to determine whether a food provides only a few or many calories. Eric weighs 175 pounds and is 5' 8". He enjoys playing sports such as basketball, softball, and soccer, but most days of the week he is too busy with classes and school work to engage in much physical activity. Generally, he sits most of the day and spends two to four hours per day walking and moving around.
Eric's diet consists mainly of processed foods and he tries to avoid eating at fast food restaurants. A typical day includes a donut or pastry and a coffee with cream and sugar for breakfast; a couple of sandwiches with bologna, salami, and cheese on white bread for lunch; and one or two frozen entrées from his freezer such as a fried chicken, Salisbury steak, or a cheese enchilada for dinner. Eric feels like the amount of food he eats is reasonable, and he cannot understand why he is not losing weight.
Approximately how many calories per day does Eric need for basal metabolic processes?

A) 1,500 calories
B) 1,750 calories
C) 1,925 calories
D) 2,167 calories
E) 2,359 calories

Question 56

Identify a true statement about basal metabolic processes.

A) They are energy-using activities that require conscious effort on our part.
B) They include utilization, storage, and transport of nutrients in the body.
C) The energy needed to carry out these activities is assessed when a person is in an active state.
D) The energy expenditure for these activities is determined clinically and in research studies by direct calorimetry.
E) They are continuous activities that the body must perform to sustain life.

Question 57

Which choice would be lower in energy density and a good replacement for Eric's bologna, salami, and cheese sandwich?

A) sliced turkey breast with lettuce on whole-wheat bread
B) cheeseburger with lettuce on a hamburger bun
C) fried fish with tartar sauce on a hamburger bun
D) ground beef hard shell taco
E) fried chicken and potato salad