Deck 4: The Carbohydrates Sugar Starch and Fiber

Question 1

Sam is interested in eating more whole grains. Which lunch option should he avoid because it lacks a whole-grain component?

A) ordering brown rice with his Chinese food
B) eating baked potato chips in place of regular chips
C) eating a low-fat apple bran muffin for dessert
D) ordering mushroom barley soup for lunch
E) ordering an egg salad sandwich on rye bread

Answer 1

B

Question 2

People with hypoglycemia should eat several snacks throughout the day that are high in simple sugars.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The primary role of fiber in the diet is to provide quick energy.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Carbohydrate-rich foods are obtained almost exclusively from plants.

Question 5

What is the condition in which the body is unable to digest lactose?

A) lactose deficiency
B) sugar allergy
C) lactose intolerance
D) hyperglycemia
E) lactase persistence

Question 6

The body's form of stored glucose is called glucagon.

Question 7

The protein in a meal stimulates glycogen secretion, which opposes insulin and prevents it from storing glucose.

Question 8

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth.

Question 9

Fat is used efficiently as fuel by the brain and nerves.

Question 10

For certain body systems,  ____ are the preferred energy source and are the ideal fuel for the body.

A) sweets
B) proteins
C) fats
D) carbohydrates
E) vitamins

Question 11

People on weight-loss regimens should avoid high-carbohydrate foods.

Question 12

What is another name for low blood glucose?

A) hyperglycemia
B) depression
C) hypoglycemia
D) dysphoria
E) nephritis

Question 13

What are the two major types of complex carbohydrates?

A) starch and sugar
B) sugar and fiber
C) fiber and glucose
D) glucose and starch
E) starch and fiber

Question 14

If a person uses up his or her reserve supply of glycogen and still does not eat, sugar will come from the ____ to provide fuel for the brain.

A) heart
B) liver
C) bloodstream
D) muscle
E) kidneys

Question 15

What hormone lowers high levels of glucose in the blood?

A) glycogen
B) insulin
C) norepinephrine
D) adrenaline
E) dopamine

Question 16

What is the usable part of a wheat kernel that provides a protective coating around the kernel?

A) bran
B) germ
C) endosperm
D) husk
E) chaff

Question 17

When a person is hungry and needs to replenish blood glucose, s/he should eat ____.

A) simple sugars and moderate amounts of alcohol
B) carbohydrates, protein, and fats
C) predominantly complex carbohydrates
D) protein only
E) phytonutrients and carbohydrates

Question 18

Babies develop the ability to digest lactose when they are about six to nine months old.

Question 19

Adding foods sweetened with sugar substitutes to the diet will ensure successful weight loss.

Question 20

Soluble fibers help lower blood cholesterol levels.

Question 21

Complex carbohydrates are found primarily in ____.

A) grains and dairy
B) grains and vegetables
C) fish and vegetables
D) dairy and fruit
E) vegetables and dairy

Question 22

Disaccharides include ____.

A) galactose
B) glucose
C) glycogen
D) fructose
E) maltose

Question 23

Which simple carbohydrate is known as fruit sugar?

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) galactose
D) sucrose
E) glycogen

Question 24

Which carbohydrate type is mismatched with a major food source for that type?

A) fructose - peaches
B) sucrose - candy bars
C) maltose - sprouted seeds
D) starch - strawberries
E) galactose - milk

Question 25

From a health perspective, fruits are better sources of sucrose and fructose than table sugar because they ____.

A) contain higher concentrations of these carbohydrates per unit of weight
B) also provide fats
C) also provide protein
D) also provide fiber, vitamins, and minerals
E) provide these sugars in a more absorbable form than table sugar

Question 26

Jack is trying to choose foods that contain whole grains. Which whole grain ingredient is present in waffle #1 that is not found in waffle #2?

A) enriched flour
B) whole wheat flour
C) modified corn starch
D) maltodextrin
E) apple fiber

Question 27

Jack decides to purchase waffle #1 and eats three of the waffles for breakfast. Approximately, what amounts of total fat and total carbohydrates did the waffles contribute to his meal?

A) 10 grams fat and 62 grams carbohydrates
B) 5 grams fat and 62 grams carbohydrates
C) 10 grams fat and 31 grams carbohydrates
D) 8 grams fat and 46 grams carbohydrates
E) 15 grams fat and 93 grams carbohydrates

Question 28

Binders in some fibers chemically link to which nutrients, thereby making them unavailable for absorption?

A) zinc and calcium
B) vitamins C and D
C) sugars and iron
D) B vitamins and vitamin C
E) iron and B vitamins

Question 29

The development of what condition is most closely associated with a lack of fiber in the diet?

A) Cushing syndrome
B) phenylketonuria
C) diverticulosis
D) scleroderma
E) rheumatoid arthritis

Question 30

In the process of refining wheat into white flour, what part of the kernel is retained?

A) chaff
B) endosperm
C) bran
D) germ
E) husk

Question 31

What is the only animal-derived food that contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?

A) eggs
B) beef
C) milk
D) poultry
E) bacon

Question 32

Which product is a rich source of starch?

A) apples
B) beans
C) cane sugar
D) milk
E) cheese

Question 33

One of the most effective stool-softening fibers is found in ____.

A) wheat bran
B) apples
C) legumes
D) oat bran
E) carrots

Question 34

Eating too much sugar means getting too many ____.

A) antioxidants
B) empty calories
C) fatty acids
D) complex carbohydrates
E) enzymes

Question 35

A refined grain product that is enriched is still lacking ____.

A) iron
B) fiber
C) thiamin
D) folic acid
E) niacin

Question 36

When fructose and glucose are bonded together they form ____.

A) sucrose
B) galactose
C) lactose
D) maltose
E) dextrose

Question 37

Maggie is shopping for a loaf of bread and takes time to review the terms on the label. Which term describes bread that is made using the most nutritious flour?

A) 100% wheat
B) stone-ground
C) whole grain
D) seven-grain
E) multigrain

Question 38

According to the Dietary Guidelines , what proportion of grain servings should be consumed from whole-grain sources?

A) 100 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 33 percent
E) 25 percent

Question 39

Starch is a ____.

A) complex carbohydrate
B) simple carbohydrate
C) fiber
D) gluten
E) monosaccharide

Question 40

The fibers in foods are ____.

A) essential nutrients
B) high in mineral content
C) not digested by human enzymes
D) typically high in vitamin E
E) rich in antioxidants

Question 41

Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of ____ when ____ is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.

A) fat; glucose
B) carbohydrate; fat
C) glucose; protein
D) protein; glucose
E) fiber; glucose

Question 42

Which organ secretes glucagon and insulin in response to changing blood glucose levels?

A) appendix
B) pituitary gland
C) liver
D) pancreas
E) hypothalamus

Question 43

The greatest single source of added sugars in the American diet is ____.

A) fruit drinks
B) cookies
C) candy
D) regular soft drinks
E) ice cream

Question 44

Marta tries to avoid sugar because she believes it is responsible for making her overweight, giving her husband diabetes, and causing hyperactivity in her grandchildren. What condition has verifiably been linked to sugar by research studies?

A) diabetes
B) heart disease
C) tooth decay
D) hyperactivity in children
E) hyperactivity in some adults

Question 45

If Steven needs 2100 calories per day to maintain his weight, what is the recommended maximum upper limit of added sugars he should consume each day?

A) 165 calories
B) 288 calories
C) 350 calories
D) 525 calories
E) 675 calories

Question 46

What term in the ingredients list indicates added sugars in the product?

A) pectin
B) hemicellulose
C) fruit puree
D) fruit juice concentrate
E) vanillin

Question 47

Within a wheat kernel, the soft, white portion containing starch and protein is called the ____.

A) kernel
B) husk
C) endosperm
D) germ
E) chaff

Question 48

What factor plays the greatest role in the increase of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents?

A) Type 2 diabetes is hereditary.
B) Children and adolescents are eating more dairy products.
C) Children and adolescents are becoming obese at an earlier age.
D) Vaccination rates among poor people are very low.
E) Today's diets lack proper levels of vitamins and minerals.

Question 49

Florence is a wise consumer who follows her personalized MyPlate eating plan carefully. Her daily limit for empty calories is small. She has a ham and cheddar cheese sandwich and chocolate pudding at lunch. Given her food habits, what will she choose for dessert after dinner?

A) banana pudding
B) sandwich cookies
C) raisin-bran muffins
D) fresh pineapple
E) cherry-flavored gelatin

Question 50

Many nutrition professionals recommend emphasizing "good carbohydrates" in the diet. What does this mean?

A) Choosing foods high in fiber but low in added sugars
B) Avoiding foods with a glycemic index above 70
C) Avoiding foods with a glycemic index below 55
D) Choosing small portions of low-calorie foods
E) Choosing foods that quickly raise blood glucose

Question 51

A general principle that can help in choosing carbohydrates (and foods in general) is to eat a primarily _____, _____ diet.

A) whole-food; plant-based
B) high-protein; low-fat
C) enriched-food; varied
D) sugar-free; processed-food
E) low-carbohydrate; nutrient-dense

Question 52

Sabina is concerned about her children's teeth after their first dental checkups. Her two-year old already has a cavity and her four-year old needs to brush better. What else should Sabina's children do to prevent tooth decay?

A) Only drink 100% fruit juices
B) Eat candy only between meals and not with them
C) Eat crackers and pretzels as snacks and not candy bars
D) Rinse their mouths with water after eating
E) Eat raisins as snacks in place of chocolate candies

Question 53

Which organ regulates the amount of glucose circulating in the blood by either synthesizing glycogen or breaking down glycogen?

A) kidneys
B) gallbladder
C) appendix
D) thyroid
E) liver

Question 54

Which food is classified as a high-glycemic index food?

A) waffles
B) popcorn
C) raisins
D) banana
E) tomato juice

Question 55

What is the source of stevia?

A) A combination of two amino acids
B) A modification of sucrose molecules
C) A derivative of aspartic acid and phenylalanine
D) A derivative of a plant native to Brazil and Paraguay
E) A modified version of fructose

Question 56

Which symptom would be unlikely in a case of hypoglycemia?

A) weakness
B) shaky muscles
C) elevated heart rate
D) mental acuity
E) irritability

Question 57

Fletcher's dietary analysis reveals that he is deriving 30% of calories from simple sugars, and he decides to try to cut back. Which item from his food record should Fletcher omit?

A) 1 banana
B) ¹ /₂ cup green grapes
C) 32 fl oz. root beer
D) 8 oz. orange juice
E) ¹ /₂ cup cooked dried beans

Question 58

Jasmine is too busy for lunch and needs a pick-me-up to help her remain alert during her two afternoon classes. Which snack would you recommend?

A) Half a ham and Swiss cheese sandwich on enriched bread
B) Fresh peach with low-fat yogurt and rolled-oat granola
C) Whole-wheat toast with trans fat-free margarine and jelly
D) Baked apple with brown sugar, cinnamon, and canola oil
E) Pretzels and a sport drink

Question 59

High intakes of the sugar alternatives sorbitol and mannitol can result in ____.

A) tooth decay
B) diarrhea
C) increased blood cholesterol
D) hypoglycemia
E) increased heart rate

Question 60

How does a balanced meal help keep blood glucose from rising or dropping too quickly?

A) Soluble fibers slow down the rate of digestion so a steady stream of glucose is received.
B) Protein provides a quick source of glucose for the body's cells.
C) Protein stimulates insulin secretion, which prevents rapid glucose storage.
D) Fats accelerate the rate of digestion so that glucose is more quickly received.
E) Starches provide quick energy to the brain which slows glucose absorption by other body cells.

Question 62

Eunice is a 60-year-old woman who is trying to increase the amount of fiber in her diet in order to meet the Dietary Guidelines . What change would be best for her to make?

A) Increase her intake of non-fat milk and yogurt
B) Choose white rice or scalloped potatoes instead of beans to go with dinner
C) Eat pretzels made from wheat flour instead of fruit with her lunch
D) Replace her morning enriched-flour croissant with a whole-wheat bagel
E) Eat microwave buttered popcorn for an evening snack

Question 63

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned.
Which strategy will help Sam manage his diabetes?

A) Eating a healthful diet
B) Dieting to lose weight rapidly
C) Reducing his exercise level
D) Eating two large meals a day
E) Eliminating all sugar in his diet

Question 64

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. Karen sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low, stops your hand, and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read that it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal, another nonnutritive sweetener, gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning nonnutritive sweeteners by answering the following questions:
Neotame is a derivative of which two amino acids?

A) alanine and cysteine
B) aspartic acid and phenylalanine
C) tryptophan and leucine
D) lysine and glutamic acid
E) asparagine and glutamine

Question 65

You read on the Internet that aspartame is very bad for people with PKU. What is PKU, and should this affect your decision to use this sweetener?

Question 66

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. Karen sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low, stops your hand, and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read that it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal, another nonnutritive sweetener, gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning nonnutritive sweeteners by answering the following questions:
Although some studies in the past may have found that saccharin can cause bladder cancer in lab rats, why would it be considered safe today to continue using it?

A) The research used extremely high doses of saccharin that are not relevant for humans.
B) What occurs in rats is unlikely to occur in humans.
C) The American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs has stated that saccharin increases the risk of bladder cancer, but only if consumed in soft drinks.
D) There are known hazards that are more important to avoid if you want to reduce your risk of cancer.
E) Saccharin is allowed in other countries around the world, so should be considered safe in U.S. food products.

Question 67

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. Karen sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low, stops your hand, and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read that it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal, another nonnutritive sweetener, gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning nonnutritive sweeteners by answering the following questions:
Which nonnutritive sweetener should be entirely avoided by individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) ?

A) aspartame
B) saccharin
C) neotame
D) sucralose
E) xylitol

Question 68

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned.
What problem is most responsible for Sam's type 2 diabetes?

A) Sam's kidneys don't excrete blood glucose efficiently.
B) A virus has triggered the destruction of pancreatic cells that produce insulin.
C) Sam's gallbladder fails to secrete bile when needed.
D) The cells in Sam's body do not respond to insulin secreted by his pancreas.
E) The pancreas is producing insufficient levels of glucagon.

Question 69

The disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules is ____.

A) sucrose
B) lactose
C) dextrose
D) galactose
E) maltose

Question 70

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. Karen sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low, stops your hand, and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read that it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal, another nonnutritive sweetener, gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning nonnutritive sweeteners by answering the following questions:
Which nonnutritive sweetener is a derivative of sucrose?

A) aspartame
B) saccharin
C) neotame
D) sucralose
E) sorbitol

Question 71

Discuss the actions of the hormones insulin and glucagon and the relationship between the two hormones in the regulation of blood glucose.

Question 72

Summarize the process of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the body.

Question 73

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned.
Anna is still confused about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Which statement is characteristic of type 1 diabetes only?

A) It causes weight gain.
B) Treatment always involves insulin injections.
C) It is also called hyperglycemia.
D) It is typically associated with insulin resistance.
E) Its incidence is increasing in the U.S.

Question 74

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned.
Which statement is correct concerning type 2 diabetes?

A) Its incidence is decreasing due to greater awareness.
B) It is less common than type 1 diabetes.
C) It is characterized by too much glucose getting into the cells.
D) Generally insulin injections are not required.
E) Infrequent urination is a typical response.

Question 75

Your mother has been recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. She is now afraid to eat anything with sugar in it. What advice would you give her to help her understand her condition?

Question 76

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned.
What type of diet should Sam begin to consume?

A) A high-protein diet
B) A high-complex carbohydrate diet
C) A low-monounsaturated fat diet
D) A low-carbohydrate diet
E) A low-sodium, high fiber diet

Question 77

Discuss the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in regard to incidence, risk factors, cause, and treatment.

Question 78

What are the advantages of using whole grains over enriched, refined grains?

Question 79

Explain the sources and benefits of sugar alcohols as alternative sweeteners

Question 80

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that you "reduce the intake of calories from added sugars."   List six tips offered in the textbook that help with this task while still catering to the sweet tooth.