Deck 31: Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

Question 1

Ribbon worms have a unique ____ that is used to capture prey.

A) proboscis
B) tentacle
C) set of jaws
D) forked limb
E) stinging cell

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 31-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Asexual reproduction is occurring at which point?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 7
E) 9

Answer 2

D

Question 3

From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:

A) Porifera.
B) Cnidaria.
C) Ctenophora.
D) Mollusca.
E) Arthropoda.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What term describes how most sponges can produce both male and female gametes?

A) asexual
B) hermaphroditic
C) indeterminate
D) heterozygous
E) enterocoelous

Question 5

Ctenophores capture food:

A) with filter feeders.
B) using adhesive glue cells that trap prey.
C) with stinging hair cells that immobilize small invertebrates.
D) by digging through the bottom mud for small invertebrates.
E) with a sticky mucus on their tentacles that capture small invertebrates.

Question 6

What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans?

A) parasites
B) autotrophs
C) carnivores
D) herbivores
E) suspension feeders

Question 7

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:

A) amebocytes.
B) collar cells.
C) spongin.
D) spicules.
E) oscula.

Question 8

Figure 31-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 9?

A) medusa
B) planula
C) miracidium
D) feeding polyp
E) polyp colony

Question 9

The larvae of some cnidarians are known as ____ larvae.

A) trochophore
B) nauplius
C) planula
D) veliger
E) zoea

Question 10

In scyphozoans, the ____ is the dominant body form.

A) polyp
B) hydra
C) medusa
D) larvae
E) juvenile

Question 11

Members of the phylum ____ are the simplest organisms with a separate mouth and anus.

A) Platyhelminthes
B) Ctenophora
C) Placozoa
D) Porifera
E) Cnidaria

Question 12

Figure 31-3 The structure shown in the accompanying figure is from an animal in phylum:

A) Cestoda.
B) Turbellaria.
C) Trematoda.
D) Monogenea.
E) Platyhelminthes.

Question 13

Where does digestion in a sponge takes place?

A) spicule
B) osculum
C) mesophyll
D) spongocoel
E) individual cells

Question 14

Figure 31-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. The structures labeled as 1 are used for:

A) feeding.
B) reproduction.
C) attachment.
D) movement.
E) protection.

Question 15

Most mollusks are:

A) found in fresh water.
B) terrestrial.
C) parasitic.
D) arboreal.
E) marine.

Question 16

Sea anemones, unlike scyphozoans, have a partitioned gastrovascular cavity. This serves as a means of:

A) harboring enteric bacteria.
B) digesting very large food items.
C) harboring photosynthetic zooxanthellae.
D) decreasing the surface area of the gastrovascular cavity.
E) digesting different categories of organic molecules in different areas.

Question 17

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?

A) cnidocils
B) nerve nets
C) cnidocytes
D) choanocytes
E) pseudopodia

Question 18

Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to which organism?

A) Hydra
B) jellyfish
C) hydrozoans
D) sea anemones
E) Portuguese man-of-war

Question 19

The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of:

A) three tissue layers.
B) a single epidermal layer.
C) loosely organized cells.
D) two epidermal layers with scattered mesophyll cells in between.
E) inner and outer cell layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea.

Question 20

The Portuguese man-of-war is a colony of hundreds to thousands of:

A) sea anemones
B) ctenophores
C) hydrozoans
D) jellyfish
E) sponges

Question 21

Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:

A) reproduction.
B) locomotion.
C) respiration.
D) sensation.
E) eating.

Question 22

____ is an anticoagulant used by leeches.

A) Chitin
B) Hirudin
C) Saxitoxin
D) Pheromone
E) Calcium carbonate

Question 23

Which is a characteristic of all annelids?

A) They have a visceral mass.
B) They have a segmented body.
C) They move with a muscular foot.
D) They surround their body with a mantle.
E) They have an open circulatory system.

Question 24

Figure 31-6 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which label denotes the nerve cord?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Question 25

Hermaphroditic earthworms reproduce sexually by connecting their bodies by their ____. This allows transfer of ____ from one worm to the other.

A) setae; zygotes
B) setae; eggs
C) setae; sperm
D) clitellum; eggs
E) clitellum; sperm

Question 26

The veliger larval form is unique to:

A) insects.
B) annelids.
C) molluscs.
D) arthropods.
E) crustaceans.

Question 27

One characteristic of class Bivalvia is that they:

A) are active swimmers.
B) use a radula to feed on algae.
C) possess two shells with a hinge.
D) use their mantle for locomotion.
E) possess shells of overlapping plates.

Question 28

An animal found in the rocky intertidal zone has eight overlapping plates and is tightly adhering to the rock with a muscular foot. This animal is most likely a member of the class:

A) Polyplacophora.
B) Cephalopoda.
C) Polychaeta.
D) Gastropoda.
E) Bivalvia.

Question 29

Which is critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion?

A) jointed appendages
B) parapodia
C) tentacles
D) setae
E) fins

Question 30

Figure 31-5 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 9?

A) foot
B) gills
C) heart
D) siphons
E) digestive tract

Question 31

Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

A) torsion
B) a hard shell
C) a modified radula
D) rapidly changing colors
E) poisonous salivary secretions

Question 32

The ____ of an earthworm allows them to resist desiccation in terrestrial environments.

A) shell
B) cuticle
C) mesoglea
D) epidermis
E) endodermis

Question 33

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?

A) chelicerae
B) pupa
C) radula
D) beak
E) shell

Question 34

What is the mode of nutrition for clams and oysters?

A) autotrophy
B) herbivores
C) omnivores
D) carnivores
E) filter feeders

Question 35

Figure 31-4 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 6?

A) anus
B) gills
C) cilia
D) mouth
E) digestive tract

Question 36

Figure 31-5 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 8?

A) digestion
B) respiration
C) circulation
D) movement
E) reproduction

Question 37

Which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes?

A) radula
B) mantle
C) parapodia
D) visceral mass
E) metamorphosis

Question 38

Figure 31-6 The cross section in the accompanying figure is representative of the internal structures found in:

A) phoronids.
B) nemerteans.
C) gastropods.
D) flatworms.
E) oligochaetes.

Question 39

Which of the mollusks have a closed circulatory system?

A) clams
B) slugs
C) snails
D) squids
E) chitons

Question 40

Figure 31-4 The larva in the accompanying figure is characteristic of which group of organisms?

A) mollusks
B) cnidarians
C) nematodes
D) arthropods
E) platyhelminthes

Question 41

The phylum name Arthropoda refers to:

A) the ability to fly.
B) a hard exoskeleton.
C) jointed appendages.
D) a segmented coelom.
E) respiratory capabilities.

Question 42

Most arachnids have ____ pair(s) of jointed appendages.

A) one
B) two
C) four
D) six
E) eight

Question 43

Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on ____ for achieving circulation and gas exchange.

A) hemolymph
B) diffusion
C) hearts
D) blood
E) lungs

Question 44

The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:

A) protonephridia.
B) proglottid.
C) cnidocyte.
D) auricle.
E) scolex.

Question 45

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

A) It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth.
B) It is a structure used for locomotion in the Lophophorata.
C) It is the opening also referred to as the anus in the Ecdysozoa.
D) It is a larval stage found in the Lophotrochozoa and the Ecdysozoa.
E) It is one of the openings to the excretory system of phylum Platyhelminthes.

Question 46

Which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel?

A) rotifers.
B) phoronids.
C) bryozoans.
D) ctenophores.
E) platyhelminthes.

Question 47

The nervous system of many species of flatworms

A) consists of a single, large ganglion in the anterior end.
B) is sometimes referred to as tubelike.
C) includes two dorsal nerve cords.
D) is diffuse and netlike.
E) is a "ladder-type."

Question 48

The first animals to show cephalization have several characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) These animals were triploblastic.
B) These animals had a proboscis.
C) These animals were in phylum Platyhelminthes.
D) These animals are placed in the group Lophotrochozoa.
E) These animals followed the protostome pattern of embryonic development.

Question 49

Gas exchange in arachnids takes place by tracheal tubes, ____, or both.

A) gills
B) mandibles
C) book lungs
D) metanephridia
E) protonephridia

Question 50

Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands?

A) tick
B) mite
C) spider
D) scorpion
E) barnacle.

Question 51

Figure 31-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 8 in the figure?

A) anus
B) mouth
C) ganglia
D) eyespots
E) pharynx

Question 52

The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a:

A) human.
B) cow.
C) dog.
D) cat.
E) snail.

Question 53

Figure 31-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. What label designates the auricles on this organism?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 54

After embryonic development, members of the phylum Rotifera are incapable of:

A) reproduction.
B) cell division.
C) locomotion.
D) excretion.
E) ingestion.

Question 55

Which is a characteristic of tapeworms?

A) Tapeworms have a simple life cycle.
B) Tapeworms have a complete digestive system.
C) Tapeworms have a closed circulatory system.
D) Tapeworms have a well developed sensory system.
E) Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

Question 56

Complete ____ reduces competition among insects within the same species; larval forms do not compete with adults for food or habitats.

A) mobilization
B) reproductions
C) differentiation
D) morphogenisis
E) metamorphosis

Question 57

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

A) They are aquatic.
B) They do not have segmentation.
C) They cannot reproduce sexually.
D) They do not have a nervous system.
E) They do not have setae or parapodia.

Question 58

An elongate uniramid with many legs as well as poison claws is known as a(n):

A) mite.
B) tick.
C) insect.
D) centipede.
E) millipede.

Question 59

You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. You conclude they are members of which phylum?

A) Platyhelminthes
B) Nematoda
C) Cnidaria
D) Annelida
E) Nemertea

Question 60

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

A) To sense prey
B) To exchange gas
C) To respond to stimuli
D) To regulate fluid balance
E) To serve as a structure for sexual reproduction

Question 61

Insects are vectors of many diseases that affect humans. List several diseases and their insect vectors.

Question 62

As adults, ____ are the only sessile crustaceans whose external anatomy is completely different than its fellow crustaceans.

A) ticks
B) shrimp
C) decapods
D) uniramids
E) barnacles

Question 63

Choanocytes are a characteristic of members of the phylum Cnidaria .
____________________

Question 64

List two characteristics that have contributed to the biological success of the insects, and briefly explain the adaptive value of each characteristic that you identified.

Question 65

Figure 31-7 Which insect in the accompanying figure represents a group that parasitizes plants?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 66

Figure 31-7 Which of the insects in the accompanying figure is a flea?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Question 67

Which arthropods have mandibles, gills, excretory glands, and statocysts?

A) mites
B) insects
C) spiders
D) scorpions
E) crustaceans

Question 68

Segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:

A) smaller.
B) superficial.
C) more specialized.
D) only present in adults.
E) only present in larvae.

Question 69

Which class of animals has the largest number of species?

A) Arachnida
B) Insecta
C) Gastropoda
D) Bivalvia
E) Arthropoda

Question 70

What specialized structure do crustaceans use to sense gravity?

A) antennae
B) maxillae
C) mandibles
D) statocysts
E) swimmerets

Question 71

For the subphyla of arthropods discussed in this chapter, make a table listing the name, identifying characteristics, and two member organisms for each subphylum. BONUS: Identify and correctly place the arthropod classes in each subphylum and identify a representative of each class.

Question 72

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

A) the use of gills.
B) the use of tracheae.
C) the use of book lungs.
D) a closed circulatory system.
E) diffusion across the epidermal layer.

Question 73

Biramous appendages in arthropods are only present in which organism?

A) insects
B) arachnids
C) centipedes
D) crustaceans
E) horseshoe crabs

Question 74

What is a disadvantage to having an exoskeleton?

A) Exoskeletons interfere with ingestion.
B) Exoskeletons severely limit locomotion.
C) Exoskeletons do not prevent desiccation.
D) Exoskeletons do not provide adequate protection from predators.
E) Exoskeletons must be shed when the animal grows, exposing the animal to predators.

Question 75

A nauplius larva is characteristic of:

A) molluscs.
B) gastropods.
C) echinoderms.
D) crustaceans.
E) ctenophores.

Question 76

Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod?

A) wings
B) cephalization
C) segmentation
D) hard exoskeletons
E) specialized mouthparts

Question 77

Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:

A) ribbon worms.
B) centipedes.
C) millipedes.
D) trilobites.
E) mites.

Question 78

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE ?

A) Arthropods have a true coelom
B) Arthropods have an exoskeleton.
C) Arthropods display segmentation.
D) Arthropods have an open circulatory system.
E) Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.

Question 79

Identify the distinguishing characteristics of phylum Cnidaria. Then outline the classes within this phylum and their major characteristics. Include at least one representative for each class.

Question 80

The ____ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.

A) phoronids
B) trilobites
C) tardigrades
D) moss animals
E) lophophorate animals