Deck 37: Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Question 1

Which statement about the megasporocyte is true ?

A) It undergoes meiosis to produce three haploid cells.
B) It is a diploid cell located within an ovule.
C) It divides mitotically to form a male gametophyte.
D) It plays an important role in cross-pollination.
E) It will give rise to the generative cell.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The union of gametes is called ____ and takes place within the ____ of a flower.

A) fertilization; ovary
B) fission; anther
C) meiosis; receptacle
D) mitosis; pistil
E) fusion; stamen

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Each pollen grain produces two cells, one of which may develop into a(n):

A) polar nucleus.
B) pollen tube.
C) anther.
D) compound pistil.
E) filament.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Genes for self-incompatibility usually inhibit:

A) the production of pollen grains.
B) pollination.
C) the growth of the pollen tube.
D) the growth of the style.
E) microspore formation.

Question 5

Figure 37-2 The shape of the bill on the bird in the accompanying figure is most likely the result of:

A) coevolution.
B) pollination.
C) asexual reproduction.
D) pseudocopulation.
E) inbreeding.

Question 6

All the sepals of a flower are collectively known as the:

A) calyx.
B) carpel.
C) corolla.
D) pistil.
E) receptacle.

Question 7

The diploid portion of a plant life cycle is known as the:

A) parental generation.
B) sporophyte generation.
C) daughter generation.
D) gametophyte generation.
E) reproductive generation.

Question 8

In angiosperms, the gametophyte generation:

A) results from the fertilization of two gametes.
B) is dominant.
C) is nutritionally dependent on the sporophyte.
D) produces gametes via meiosis.
E) produces spores by mitosis.

Question 9

Most flowers are pollinated by which method?

A) wind
B) birds
C) bats
D) water
E) insects

Question 10

Figure 37-1 In the accompanying figure, the formation of eggs would occur in the structure labeled as ____.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 6
D) 9
E) 10

Question 11

Flowers that are strongly oderiferous and blue or UV purple in color would most likely be pollinated by:

A) insects.
B) birds.
C) bats.
D) wind.
E) small rodents.

Question 12

Figure 37-1 In the accompanying figure, the structure in which you would find microsporocytes is labeled as _____.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 6
D) 9
E) 10

Question 13

What mechanism is used to prevent self-pollination in angiosperms?

A) separating male and female individuals
B) shedding of pollen when the stigma of that flower is receptive to pollen
C) separating male and female flowers
D) preventing a plant form recognizing its own pollen with self-incompatibility genes
E) stimulating growth of the pollen tube with self-incompatibility genes

Question 14

Plants that produce scentless, inconspicuous flowers with enormous amounts of pollen are adapted to which type of pollination?

A) wind
B) birds
C) bats
D) small rodents
E) insects

Question 15

Certain orchids produce flowers and secrete scents that resemble female bees so that male bees will mount these flowers and attempt to copulate with them. This bizarre occurrence is an example of:

A) fertilization.
B) coevolution.
C) apomixis.
D) self-pollination.
E) asexual reproduction.

Question 16

The female plant structure on which a pollen grain must land for sexual reproduction to occur is the:

A) style.
B) ovary.
C) stigma.
D) anther.
E) style.

Question 17

Bat-pollinated, night-blooming flowers would most likely display which two characteristics?

A) blue petals and sticky pollen grains
B) yellow petals and the scent of rotting flesh
C) orange petals and no scent
D) white petals and a strongly sweet scent
E) red petals and sticky pollen grains

Question 18

Flower parts are borne on the tip of a stalk referred to as the:

A) calyx.
B) corolla.
C) filament.
D) receptacle.
E) stigma.

Question 19

Figure 37-2 What type of floral attraction would work best on the pollinator in the accompanying figure?

A) white flowers
B) purple or blue flowers
C) a strong sweet scent
D) a strong carrion-like scent
E) sweet nectar

Question 20

The order of whorls from the flower's periphery to the center is:

A) sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
B) carpels, petals, stamens, and sepals.
C) petals, carpels, stamens, and sepals.
D) sepals, carpels, stamens, and calyx.
E) calyx, carpels, stamens, and sepals.

Question 21

Figure 37-4 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of the fruits listed is botanically classified as a berry?

A) c
B) d
C) f
D) g
E) h

Question 22

Fruits that develop from a flower with many separate ovaries are referred to as:

A) accessory fruits.
B) aggregate fruits.
C) dry fruits.
D) multiple fruits.
E) simple fruits.

Question 23

What is an example of a seed dispersed by water?

A) sunflower
B) acorn
C) coconut
D) peach
E) jack fruit

Question 24

Which is the correct sequence of embryonic development in eudicots?

A) globular stage embryo → suspensor embryo → proembryo → heart stage embryo
B) heart stage embryo → globular stage embryo → proembryo → torpedo stage embryo
C) torpedo stage embryo → globular stage embryo → heart stage embryo → suspensor
D) proembryo → torpedo stage embryo → heart stage embryo → globular stage embryo
E) proembryo → globular stage embryo → heart stage embryo → torpedo stage embryo

Question 25

The absorption of water by a dry seed is known as:

A) apical dominance.
B) determinate growth.
C) imbibition.
D) senescence.
E) bolting.

Question 26

Special structures found in seeds that are dispersed by ants are called:

A) glyoxisomes.
B) elaiosomes.
C) peroxisome.
D) elatoir.
E) lysosome.

Question 27

Following double fertilization, the ovule develops into a(n) ____, and the ovary develops into a(n) ____.

A) cotyledon; embryo
B) embryo; seed
C) seed; fruit
D) fruit; seed
E) endosperm; embryo

Question 28

The fusion of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei in the ovule forms the:

A) cotyledon.
B) endosperm.
C) fertilized egg.
D) zygote.
E) embryo.

Question 29

Figure 37-5 In the accompanying figure, the structure labeled as 2:

A) responds to a lack of light.
B) protects the stem tip as it moves through the soil.
C) is the first structure to emerge from the seed during germination.
D) is called the coleoptile.
E) surrounds and protects the young shoot.

Question 30

Endosperm tissue is:

A) 1/2 n
B) n
C) 2 n
D) 3 n
E) 4 n

Question 31

In the embryonic development of flowering plants, the basal cell develops into the:

A) apical cell.
B) apical meristem.
C) suspensor.
D) integuments.
E) endosperm.

Question 32

Figure 37-3 In the accompanying figure, the part of the embryo that contains most of the food used by the embryonic plant during germination is labeled with the number:

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 33

Figure 37-4 On Figure 37-4, which of the fruit listed is formed by the fusion of ovaries from many flowers?

A) f
B) g
C) h
D) i
E) j

Question 34

Which of the following is a structure adapted for seed dispersal by animals?

A) light, feathery plumes
B) thick, indigestible seed coats
C) air spaces and cork
D) turgor pressure within fruits
E) winged fruits

Question 35

The function of cotyledons in many plants is to:

A) enclose and protect the seed.
B) act as a short embryonic root.
C) produce pollen.
D) store food reserves.
E) aid in seed dispersal.

Question 36

Corn and other grasses have a unique sheath of cells known as the ____ that surrounds and protects the young shoot.

A) coleoptile
B) coleorhizum
C) cotyledon
D) endosperm
E) radicle

Question 37

Figure 37-4 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of the fruits listed would be classified as an accessory fruit?

A) a
B) b
C) e
D) i
E) k

Question 38

Figure 37-5 The process illustrated in the accompanying figure is:

A) imbibition.
B) germination in a monocot.
C) apomixis.
D) abscission.
E) germination in a eudicot.

Question 39

Figure 37-3 Which of the following is false concerning the structures labeled as 4 in the accompanying figure?

A) They are known as cotyledons.
B) They indicate that this plant is a eudicot.
C) They are part of the maturing embryo.
D) They are surrounded by endosperm.
E) They are derived from the integuments.

Question 40

The difference between a drupe and a berry is that a drupe:

A) is an accessory fruit, while a berry is a multiple fruit.
B) is formed from a single carpel, while a berry is formed from many carpels.
C) has a stony pit around a single seed, while a berry is fleshy throughout with many seeds.
D) is a dry fruit, while a berry is a fleshy one.
E) splits open along two sutures, while a berry splits open along one suture.

Question 41

____ is an example of a plant that produces detachable plantlets in notches along their leaf margins.

A) Pineapple
B) Kalanchoe
C) Chlorophytum
D) Pepperomia
E) Spathiphyllum

Question 42

Diagram a flower, labeling the parts and identify the function of each labeled part from the following list: a) reproduction male, b) reproduction female, c) attracting a pollinator, d) point of attachment of flower parts, and e) protection for a bud.

Question 43

What is a fruit species that can be propagated by apomixis?

A) apple
B) peach
C) citrus
D) pear
E) peach

Question 44

Rhizomes, tubers, corms, and stolons are examples of modified:

A) leaves.
B) flowers.
C) roots.
D) bulbs.
E) stems.

Question 45

Sexual reproduction results in:

A) the preservation of the parental genotypes.
B) low death rates among offspring.
C) genetic similarity among offspring.
D) genetic diversity among offspring.
E) offspring with fitness equal to that of their parents.

Question 46

Aboveground shoots that develop from adventitious buds on roots are called:

A) corms.
B) crowns.
C) plantlets.
D) suckers.
E) culms.

Question 47

What is the first part of the seedling to come out during germination?

A) plumule
B) radicle
C) cotyledons
D) leaves
E) coleoptile

Question 48

The prolonged low temperature exposure required for the germination of some seeds:

A) is typical of coconuts.
B) provides an alternative to the process of imbibition.
C) prevents them from growing in flooded, anaerobic soils.
D) allows the seeds to conserve limited food stores.
E) ensures that the seeds germinate in spring, rather than in fall.

Question 49

Apomixis is often found in ____ plants with different degrees of sterility.

A) haploid
B) diploid
C) polyploid
D) injured
E) dessicated

Question 50

Asexual reproduction in flowering plants does not usually involve the formation of:

A) plantlets, stolons, or seeds.
B) suckers, corms, or rhizomes.
C) flowers, seeds, or fruits.
D) bulbs, rhizomes, or seeds.
E) flowers, bulbs, or stolons.

Question 51

The petals constitute the outermost whorl of flower parts.

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a modified underground bud with fleshy leaves for storage?

A) onion
B) white potato
C) gladiolus
D) ginger
E) strawberry

Question 53

Provide a one sentence explanation of how each of the following structures can be used to propagate plants asexually: suckers, corms, stolons. BONUS: Identify one representative plant that is capable of each type of reproduction identified.

Question 54

Sometimes plants produce embryos in seeds without meiosis and fusion of gametes. This process is known as:

A) coevolution.
B) apomixis.
C) self-pollination.
D) mitosis.
E) suckering.

Question 55

The term for physical damage to a seed coat that induces germination is:

A) imbibition.
B) scarification.
C) bolting.
D) vernalization.
E) thigmomorphogenesis.

Question 56

Identify two environmental factors that affect the germination of seeds. Then list the adaptation(s) of seeds to deal with each environmental factor.

Question 57

A ____ is an underground stem that is greatly enlarged for food storage.

A) sucker
B) runner
C) plantlet
D) stolon
E) tuber

Question 58

Compare and contrast the processes of pollination and fertilization.

Question 59

Which statement about asexual reproduction is true?

A) The advantage of asexual reproduction is that it results in new gene combinations.
B) Two parents are required for successful asexual reproduction.
C) The process of meiosis takes place in the parent and results in four haploid cells.
D) The offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent.
E) Asexual reproduction requires the fusion of two haploid gametes.

Question 60

Explain the significance of apomixis in propagation of plants. Cite two examples of commercial significance.

Question 61

The male gametophyte is also called an embryo sac.

Question 63

Imbibition is the process by which a seed takes in oxygen from the environment.

Question 65

An ovule usually develops directly into a(n) fruit .

Question 66

Nicotine can be found in nectaries.

Question 67

When the generative cell divides, the daughter cells are sperm cells.
____________________

Question 68

A rhizome is a horizontal aboveground stem.

Question 69

An example of a(n) drupe is an olive.

Question 70

What is the significance of double fertilization in flowering plants?

Question 71

The integuments develop into the seed coat.

Question 72

During embryonic development, the proembryo develops from the basal cell.

Question 73

Endosperm is usually triploid .

Question 74

Give examples of how plants and animal pollinators have coevolved.

Question 75

When a microsporocyte divides, its daughter cells are diploid.

Question 76

In double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the egg, and the other sperm fuses with the two antipodal nuclei.

Question 77

The hypocotyl connects the radicle with the cotyledons.

Question 78

Plants that are wind-pollinated characteristically have conspicuous flowers.

Question 79

What are the advantages and disadvantages of both sexual and asexual reproduction?

Question 80

Apomixis refers to a type of sexual reproduction.