Deck 50: Reproduction

Question 1

Figure 50-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. The function of the structure labeled as 3 is to:

A) secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids of the vagina.
B) produce a nutritive fluid for the sperm.
C) provide a place for maturation and storage of sperm.
D) secrete mucus that lubricates the penis.
E) maintain sperm at a low body temperature.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 50-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. The function of the structure labeled as 6 is to:

A) secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids of the vagina.
B) produce a nutritive fluid for the sperm.
C) provide a place for maturation and storage of sperm.
D) secrete mucus that lubricates the penis.
E) maintain sperm at a low body temperature.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In an adult male, the ____ extends through the inguinal canal.

A) scrotum
B) ejaculatory duct
C) vas deferens
D) seminal vesicles
E) urethra

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 50-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. If a cut was made between numbers 6 and 10, ____.

A) seminal fluid would not be produced
B) sperm cells would not be produced
C) sperm maturation would be inhibited
D) the seminal vesicles and the testes would be below the cut
E) sperm cells would not be released

Question 5

Which group can reproduce asexually?

A) amphibians
B) insects
C) gastropods
D) fishes
E) cnidarians

Question 6

Internal fertilization is more advantageous than external fertilization because:

A) internal fertilization permits cross-species fertilization.
B) internal fertilization is more open to chance.
C) internal fertilization produces a motile egg.
D) internal fertilization increases the life span of gametes.
E) internal fertilization provides a protective environment for gamete fusion.

Question 7

Figure 50-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of the labeled structures refers to the prostate gland?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 9

Question 8

What would occur if humans reproduced by parthenogenesis?

A) Males would need to produce more sperm.
B) External fertilization would be necessary.
C) The number of females in the population would most likely increase.
D) The population would not reproduce asexually.
E) No gametes would be produced.

Question 9

Which structure connects to the scrotum?

A) an acrosome
B) a flagellum
C) a head
D) an inguinal canal
E) a midpiece

Question 10

One advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that:

A) sexual reproduction is faster.
B) sexual reproduction is less difficult to achieve.
C) sexual reproduction is particularly effective for sessile animals.
D) sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity.
E) sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.

Question 11

Arrange the stages of sperm development in chronological order.
1) sperm
2) spermatid
3) primary spermatocyte
4) secondary spermatocyte
5) spermatogonium

A) 5 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 1
B) 5 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1
C) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5
D) 2 → 5 → 3 → 4 → 1
E) 3 → 4 → 5 → 2 → 1

Question 12

The function of the epididymis is to:

A) secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids of the vagina.
B) produce a nutritive fluid for the sperm.
C) provide a place for maturation and storage of sperm.
D) secrete mucus that lubricates the penis.
E) maintain sperm at a low body temperature.

Question 13

Figure 50-2 In the accompanying figure, what is the function of the structure that is labeled as 7?

A) maintaining sperm below body temperature
B) storing of mature sperm
C) producing prostaglandins
D) producing nutritive fluid to support active sperm
E) producing alkaline fluid to protect sperm in the vagina

Question 14

Why are mitochondria present in the sperm?

A) To provide energy for the movement of the flagellum
B) To provide energy for the acrosome to penetrate the egg
C) To provide nutrients for the sperm
D) To provide nutrients for the developing embryo
E) To provide energy for the maturation of the sperm

Question 15

Which statement with regard to Sertoli cells is FALSE?

A) They secrete hormones.
B) They are joined by tight junctions.
C) They form a blood-testis barrier.
D) They phagocytize discarded sperm cytoplasm.
E) They facilitate the movement of sperm into the blood.

Question 16

The mathematical model developed by Wayne Getz predicts the existence of asexual or sexual reproduction within a population. Which statement best describes this model?

A) The offspring produced by sexual reproduction would be most successful in a stable environment.
B) Clones produced by asexual reproduction would succeed in an unstable environment.
C) Both reproductive strategies would coexist under conditions of moderate change.
D) One assumption is that the offspring of sexual reproduction will use resources in the same way.
E) One assumption is that the offspring of asexual reproduction will use resources differently.

Question 17

Sexual reproduction involves which of the following processes?

A) splitting
B) budding
C) fertilization
D) fragmentation
E) parthenogenesis

Question 18

The inguinal canal is located in the:

A) abdominal wall.
B) scrotum.
C) epididymis.
D) ejaculatory duct.
E) vas deferens.

Question 19

Figure 50-1 Based on the accompanying figure, which label describes diploid cells?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 20

Figure 50-1 The spermatids are the cells in the accompanying figure labeled as:

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 5.
E) 6.

Question 21

The seminal vesicles secrete:

A) fructose, which nourishes the developing embryo.
B) a basic fluid, which neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina.
C) mucus, which lubricates the penis.
D) sperm, which fertilize the ovum.
E) prostaglandins, which stimulate contraction of the uterus.

Question 22

Semen consists of:

A) sperm only.
B) secretions of accessory glands only.
C) sperm plus urine.
D) sperm plus secretions of accessory glands.
E) sperm plus urine plus secretions of accessory glands.

Question 23

Which cells in the testes secrete testosterone?

A) Sertoli cells
B) luteinizing cells
C) glycoprotein cells
D) interstitial cells
E) sperm cells

Question 24

Spermatogenesis takes place in which of the following structures?

A) seminiferous tubules
B) seminal vesicles
C) prostate gland
D) bulbourethral glands
E) glans

Question 25

Sperm pass through several stages during their development. The earliest stage in which the cell becomes haploid is the:

A) sperm.
B) spermatid.
C) primary spermatocyte.
D) secondary spermatocyte.
E) spermatogonium.

Question 26

Figure 50-4 Refer to the accompanying figure. On which day of a 28-day menstrual cycle would you predict that estrogen levels would peak?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 16
D) 19
E) 22

Question 27

Which of the following sequences is incorrect ?

A) Males: inhibin: secreted by Sertoli cells
B) Males: follicle-stimulating hormone: stimulate production of androgen binding protein
C) Males: gonadotropin-releasing hormone: stimulate testosterone production
D) Females: luteinizing hormone: stimulate ovulation
E) Females: inhibin: decreased secretion of FSH

Question 28

One secondary spermatocyte ultimately produces:

A) one mature sperm.
B) two mature sperm.
C) four mature sperm.
D) eight mature sperm.
E) an indeterminate number of sperm.

Question 29

What is the function of inhibin?

A) To inhibit sperm production
B) To concentrate testosterone in the testes
C) To inhibit FSH secretion
D) To stimulate FSH secretion
E) To stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Question 30

An erection of the penis results most directly from:

A) the bone present in the penis.
B) dilation of the veins leading from the penis.
C) contraction of the muscles within the penis.
D) dilation of the arteries in the penis.
E) a blocking of enzymes within the penis.

Question 31

The accessory glands of the male are the:

A) seminal vesicles only.
B) prostate gland only.
C) bulbourethral glands only.
D) seminal vesicles and prostate gland.
E) seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.

Question 32

In males, gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the ____ to secrete ____.

A) anterior pituitary; inhibin
B) anterior pituitary; FSH and LH
C) anterior pituitary; testosterone
D) posterior pituitary; FSH and LH
E) posterior pituitary; testosterone

Question 33

Both male and female gonads function to:
1) produce gametes.
2) produce hormones.
3) transfer gametes.
4) nourish the embryo.
5) influence secondary sexual characteristics.

A) answers 1 and 2
B) answers 2 and 4
C) answers 3, 4, and 5
D) answers 1, 2, and 5
E) answers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Question 34

Fertility is impaired when a male's sperm count drops below ____ sperm per milliliter of semen, and the male is considered sterile if his sperm count drops below ____ sperm per milliliter of semen.

A) 500 million; 200 million
B) 100 million; 50 million
C) 35 million; 20 million
D) 2 million; 1 million
E) 500,000; 100,000

Question 35

Figure 50-4 Refer to the accompanying figure. The peak in ____ around day 21 corresponds with ____.

A) luteinizing hormone; ovulation
B) follicle-stimulating hormone; the development of the follicle
C) estrogen; breakdown of the endometrium
D) progesterone; continuing to build up the endometrium
E) estrogen; ovulation

Question 36

Organize the sequence of structures through which sperm must pass upon ejaculation.
1) urethra
2) ejaculatory duct
3) epididymis
4) vas deferens

A) 3 → 2 → 1 → 4
B) 3 → 4 → 2 → 1
C) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1
D) 2 → 4 → 3 → 1
E) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1

Question 37

An example of a primary sex characteristic in males is:

A) growth of facial hair.
B) growth of body hair.
C) spermatogenesis.
D) muscle development.
E) increase in length of vocal cords.

Question 38

Which hormone stimulates masculine physical characteristics?

A) inhibin
B) follicle-stimulating hormone
C) interstitial cell stimulating hormone
D) luteinizing hormone
E) testosterone

Question 39

The erectile tissue in the penis includes the:

A) epididymis.
B) mons pubis.
C) cavernous bodies.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) vas deferens.

Question 40

Figure 50-4 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement about the corpus luteum is FALSE?

A) It is responsible for the second peak in the line labeled as 1.
B) It is responsible for the second peak in the line labeled as 2.
C) It is responsible for the first peak in the line labeled as 1.
D) It develops from the empty follicle following ovulation.
E) It is most active between days 18 to 26.

Question 41

The lining of the uterus is called the:

A) diaphragm.
B) endothelium.
C) endometrium.
D) hymen.
E) cervix.

Question 42

Which of the following is part of the vulva?

A) urethra
B) vestibule of the vagina
C) cervix
D) endometrium
E) mons pubis

Question 43

In the female, ____ stimulates follicle maturation.

A) GnRH
B) LH
C) FSH
D) estrogen
E) progesterone

Question 44

Colostrum is:

A) a protein fluid produced by the mammary gland.
B) the fluid secreted by the vagina in response to sexual stimulation.
C) the hormone that stimulates lactation.
D) the hormone that stimulates ejection of milk into the breasts.
E) a fluid secreted by the uterus during menstruation.

Question 45

After fertilization, which hormone is secreted by the developing embryo to maintain the function of the corpus luteum?

A) GnRH
B) FSH
C) hCG
D) ACTH
E) LH

Question 46

The female erectile structure analogous to the male glans penis is the:

A) vulva.
B) labia majora.
C) mons pubis.
D) hymen.
E) clitoris.

Question 47

Which hormone causes contraction of the uterus?

A) cortisol
B) oxytocin
C) prostaglandins
D) progesterone
E) estrogen

Question 48

Granulosa cells surround a:

A) primary oocyte.
B) secondary oocyte.
C) primary spermatocyte.
D) secondary spermatocyte.
E) Sertoli cell.

Question 49

In the female, the____ serves as a temporary endocrine gland and secretes ____.

A) pituitary; luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
B) ovaries; testosterone and luteinizing hormone
C) endometrium; estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone
D) corpus luteum; progesterone and estrogen
E) uterus; luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 50

After ovulation, the ovum remains fertile for about:

A) 1 hour.
B) 6 hours.
C) 24 hours.
D) 2 days.
E) 3 days.

Question 51

Figure 50-3 In the accompanying figure, fertilization occurs within which of the labeled structures?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 7
E) 8

Question 52

Figure 50-3 Which structure in the accompanying figure is a common site of cancer that can usually be detected by a Pap smear?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 53

Figure 50-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. The cervix is labeled:

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 7
E) 8

Question 54

Which of the following hormones stimulates ovulation?

A) gonadotropin-releasing hormone
B) luteinizing hormone
C) follicle-stimulating hormone
D) estrogen
E) progesterone

Question 55

One function of the developing follicle is to:

A) stimulate ovulation.
B) secrete progesterone.
C) secrete estrogens.
D) secrete prolactin.
E) secrete glycoproteins, which promote sperm motility.

Question 56

Which statement about breast cancer is FALSE?

A) Cigarette smoking, obesity, and alcohol use have all been linked to a higher risk of breast cancer.
B) With early diagnosis and treatment, almost 90% of breast cancer patients survive for five years.
C) Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women.
D) Growth of about two-thirds of breast cancers is enhanced by circulating estrogens and progesterone.
E) Ten percent of breast cancers are familial.

Question 57

Arrange the following stages of oogenesis in sequential order.
1) secondary oocyte
2) oogonium
3) ovum
4) primary oocyte

A) 4 → 1 → 2 → 3
B) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1
C) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
D) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1
E) 2 → 4 → 1 → 3

Question 58

Tubal pregnancy occurs as a result of:

A) scarring and blockage of the oviducts.
B) abnormal fertilization taking place in the oviducts.
C) the abnormal beating of the cilia away from the uterus and not toward it.
D) the release of more than one ovum during ovulation.
E) endometriosis.

Question 59

Figure 50-3 Which structure in the accompanying figure is responsible for the production of hormones?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
E) 7

Question 60

The ____ develops into a corpus luteum.

A) zona pellucida
B) uterine wall
C) primary oocyte
D) secondary oocyte
E) follicle

Question 61

Currently, the most effective method of reversible birth control is:

A) spermicide.
B) an IUD.
C) injectable contraceptives.
D) oral contraceptives.
E) a condom.

Question 62

The bulbourethral glands secrete a fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins.

Question 63

Identify two sexually transmitted diseases, listing the symptoms, effects, and treatments for each.

Question 64

Parthenogenesis is a form of sexual reproduction.

Question 65

Secondary spermatocytes are produced in the first meiotic division.

Question 66

An example of a(n) secondary sexual characteristic in males is spermatogenesis.

Question 67

A laparoscope is used to guide the transfer of eggs into a woman's oviduct in:

A) IUI.
B) host mothering.
C) in vitro fertilization.
D) gamete intrafallopian transfer.
E) zygote intrafallopian transfer.

Question 68

Identify two different types of contraception, one chemical and one physical. Discuss the mode of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of each method identified.

Question 69

What occurs during the second stage of labor?

A) The cervix begins to dilate.
B) The cervix becomes effaced.
C) The fetus is "delivered."
D) The uterus begins to contract.
E) The amnion breaks.

Question 70

Acrosomes contain nutrients for the developing sperm cells, and they also secrete hormones and other signaling molecules.

Question 71

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with asexual and sexual reproduction.

Question 72

Which of the following is the least effective method of contraception?

A) progestin
B) tubal ligation
C) IUDs
D) rhythm method
E) spermicidal foam

Question 73

Afterbirth refers collectively to the:

A) fetus and the placenta.
B) fetus and the surrounding fetal membranes.
C) fetus and the umbilical cord.
D) placenta and the fetal membranes.
E) fetus, the umbilical cord, and the placenta.

Question 74

The acrosome contains enzymes that:

A) digest the zona pellucida.
B) digest the endometrium.
C) stimulate ovulation.
D) stimulate sperm motility.
E) inhibit premature ejaculation.

Question 75

Testosterone is produced by the interstitial cells .

Question 76

Spermatogenesis takes place in the epididymis .

Question 77

In hermaphroditism , a single individual produces both sperm and eggs.

Question 78

Sperm travel from the epididymis directly into the vas deferens .

Question 79

Which of the following is the phase of maximum physical sensation?

A) orgasm
B) stimulation
C) resolution
D) plateau
E) sexual excitement

Question 80

In females, a(n) primary oocyte completes meiosis II at the time of fertilization.