Deck 6: Cell Communication
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Match between columns
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Unlock Deck
Sign up to unlock the cards in this deck!
Unlock Deck
Unlock Deck
1/69
Play
Full screen (f)
Deck 6: Cell Communication
1
How is paracrine signaling different from other types of signaling?
A) The signaling molecule are hormones.
B) The signaling molecules release neurotransmitters.
C) The signaling molecules are displayed on the cell surface.
D) The signaling molecules are transferred by electrical signals.
E) The signaling molecule diffused through interstitial fluid, acting on nearby cells.
A) The signaling molecule are hormones.
B) The signaling molecules release neurotransmitters.
C) The signaling molecules are displayed on the cell surface.
D) The signaling molecules are transferred by electrical signals.
E) The signaling molecule diffused through interstitial fluid, acting on nearby cells.
E
2
A receptor on the cell surface usually has several domains. What is the function of the external domain?
A) It function is as an enzyme.
B) It attaches the receptor to the DNA.
C) It holds the receptor within the membrane.
D) It transmits the signal to the inside of the cell.
E) It is the docking site for a signaling molecule.
A) It function is as an enzyme.
B) It attaches the receptor to the DNA.
C) It holds the receptor within the membrane.
D) It transmits the signal to the inside of the cell.
E) It is the docking site for a signaling molecule.
E
3
During enzyme-linked reception, signal molecules bind to two tyrosine kinase receptors. The receptor proteins move closer together in the plasma membrane and pair, forming a(n) ____.
A) gate
B) dimer
C) pathway
D) polypeptide chain
E) protein kinase cascade
A) gate
B) dimer
C) pathway
D) polypeptide chain
E) protein kinase cascade
B
4
Which neurotransmitter opens ligand-gated sodium channels?
A) GABA
B) cortisol
C) ecdysone
D) acetylcholine
E) brassinosteroid
A) GABA
B) cortisol
C) ecdysone
D) acetylcholine
E) brassinosteroid
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
The outer part of a G protein receptor binds to a(n) ____, and its inner part binds to a(n) ____.
A) G protein; ion channel
B) G protein; tyrosine kinase
C) ion channel; G protein
D) signaling molecule; G protein
E) signaling molecule; tyrosine kinase
A) G protein; ion channel
B) G protein; tyrosine kinase
C) ion channel; G protein
D) signaling molecule; G protein
E) signaling molecule; tyrosine kinase
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
How are hormones produced by endocrine glands typically transported to target cells?
A) in the blood
B) through the air
C) across a synapse
D) via direct contact
E) in interstitial fluid
A) in the blood
B) through the air
C) across a synapse
D) via direct contact
E) in interstitial fluid
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
Most intracellular receptors are what type of protein?
A) DNA
B) steroids
C) enzymes
D) neurotransmitters
E) transcription factors
A) DNA
B) steroids
C) enzymes
D) neurotransmitters
E) transcription factors
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
Which receptor in plant cells is activated by red light?
A) rhodopsin
B) diacylglycerol
C) acetylcholine
D) phytochrome
E) cryptochrome
A) rhodopsin
B) diacylglycerol
C) acetylcholine
D) phytochrome
E) cryptochrome
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
Under which of the following situations would receptor down-regulation most likely occur?
A) The number of G proteins is too high.
B) The concentration of a hormone is too high.
C) The cell is unable to manufacture cyclic AMP.
D) The concentration of a neurotransmitter is too low.
E) The number of receptors in the plasma membrane is too low.
A) The number of G proteins is too high.
B) The concentration of a hormone is too high.
C) The cell is unable to manufacture cyclic AMP.
D) The concentration of a neurotransmitter is too low.
E) The number of receptors in the plasma membrane is too low.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
What can happen when GABA binds to its receptor?
A) Neural signaling is inhibited.
B) Sodium ions enter the cell.
C) New signals are transmitted.
D) Muscle contraction is stimulated.
E) Enzyme-linked receptors are activated.
A) Neural signaling is inhibited.
B) Sodium ions enter the cell.
C) New signals are transmitted.
D) Muscle contraction is stimulated.
E) Enzyme-linked receptors are activated.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
Which list describes the correct sequence of events involved in cell signaling?
A) signal transduction, reception, signal transmission, response
B) response, signal transduction, signal transmission, reception
C) signal transmission, signal transduction, reception, response
D) reception, signal transmission, response, signal transduction
E) signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, response
A) signal transduction, reception, signal transmission, response
B) response, signal transduction, signal transmission, reception
C) signal transmission, signal transduction, reception, response
D) reception, signal transmission, response, signal transduction
E) signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, response
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
What type of cells must receive, relay, and respond to the information signaled?
A) GABA
B) integrins
C) target cells
D) local regulators
E) neurotransmitters
A) GABA
B) integrins
C) target cells
D) local regulators
E) neurotransmitters
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
Suppose that acetylcholine binds its receptor on the surface of a muscle cell. What happens next?
A) A sodium gate opens.
B) G protein is activated.
C) Tyrosine is phosphorylated.
D) Tyrosine kinase is activated.
E) A neurotransmitter crosses the synapse.
A) A sodium gate opens.
B) G protein is activated.
C) Tyrosine is phosphorylated.
D) Tyrosine kinase is activated.
E) A neurotransmitter crosses the synapse.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
Which statement about receptors is false ?
A) They are highly selective.
B) They are also called ligands.
C) They are proteins or glycoproteins.
D) They are found inside the cell and on the cell surface.
E) They are activated by binding to a signaling molecule.
A) They are highly selective.
B) They are also called ligands.
C) They are proteins or glycoproteins.
D) They are found inside the cell and on the cell surface.
E) They are activated by binding to a signaling molecule.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
How are brassinosteroids different from animal steroid hormones?
A) BRs regulate only cell division.
B) BRs are enzyme-linked receptors.
C) BRs bind with intracellular receptors.
D) BRs have a histidine kinase that extends into the cell.
E) BRs bind with a protein kinase receptor in the plasma membrane.
A) BRs regulate only cell division.
B) BRs are enzyme-linked receptors.
C) BRs bind with intracellular receptors.
D) BRs have a histidine kinase that extends into the cell.
E) BRs bind with a protein kinase receptor in the plasma membrane.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
What type of chemical compound diffuses across synapses?
A) neurons
B) hormones
C) nitric oxide
D) prostaglandins
E) neurotransmitters
A) neurons
B) hormones
C) nitric oxide
D) prostaglandins
E) neurotransmitters
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
How many times do G protein-linked receptors loop back and forth through the plasma membrane?
A) once
B) twice
C) three
D) seven
E) eleven
A) once
B) twice
C) three
D) seven
E) eleven
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
What is typically the result of receptor up-regulation?
A) A hormone's signal is amplified.
B) The number of receptors decreases.
C) The sensitivity of a cell to a hormone decreases.
D) The number of genes that code for a receptor increases.
E) The concentration of hormone molecules in the blood increases.
A) A hormone's signal is amplified.
B) The number of receptors decreases.
C) The sensitivity of a cell to a hormone decreases.
D) The number of genes that code for a receptor increases.
E) The concentration of hormone molecules in the blood increases.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
Which local regulator is stored in cells of the immune system and released during an allergic reaction?
A) histamine
B) nitric oxide
C) a growth factor
D) a prostaglandin
E) a neurotransmitter
A) histamine
B) nitric oxide
C) a growth factor
D) a prostaglandin
E) a neurotransmitter
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
Typically, the gate of an ion channel remains closed until a(n) ____ binds to the receptor.
A) ligand
B) enzyme
C) G protein
D) target cell
E) first messenger
A) ligand
B) enzyme
C) G protein
D) target cell
E) first messenger
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
During signal transduction of a G protein, the first messenger binds to the receptor, and the G protein is activated. What happens next?
A) formation of cAMP
B) cellular response
C) activation of protein kinase
D) activation of adenylyl cyclase
E) phosphorylation of the G protein
A) formation of cAMP
B) cellular response
C) activation of protein kinase
D) activation of adenylyl cyclase
E) phosphorylation of the G protein
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
What enzyme splits a membrane phospholipid into inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)?
A) phospholipase C
B) protein kinase C
C) adenylyl cyclase
D) protein kinase A
E) phosphodiesterase
A) phospholipase C
B) protein kinase C
C) adenylyl cyclase
D) protein kinase A
E) phosphodiesterase
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
What type of protein can transduce a signal in two directions?
A) integrins
B) G proteins
C) Ras proteins
D) scaffold proteins
E) phosphorylated proteins
A) integrins
B) G proteins
C) Ras proteins
D) scaffold proteins
E) phosphorylated proteins
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP deactivates the ____.
A) cAMP
B) G protein
C) Ras protein
D) ligand-gated channel
E) protein kinase pathway
A) cAMP
B) G protein
C) Ras protein
D) ligand-gated channel
E) protein kinase pathway
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
In the cAMP signal transduction pathway, a protein kinase is activated. What happens next/
A) G protein is activated.
B) GDP is replaced by GTP.
C) cAMP is converted to ATP.
D) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.
E) The protein kinase activates a cellular response.
A) G protein is activated.
B) GDP is replaced by GTP.
C) cAMP is converted to ATP.
D) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.
E) The protein kinase activates a cellular response.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
In the phospholipase C signal transduction pathway, which two second messengers are produced?
A) IP3 and DAG
B) PIP2 and IP3
C) cAMP and IP3
D) phospholipase C and protein kinase A
E) phospholipase C and G protein
A) IP3 and DAG
B) PIP2 and IP3
C) cAMP and IP3
D) phospholipase C and protein kinase A
E) phospholipase C and G protein
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Which is a major group of enzyme-linked receptors?
A) G proteins
B) ion channels
C) tyrosine kinases
D) phospholipases
E) adenylyl cyclases
A) G proteins
B) ion channels
C) tyrosine kinases
D) phospholipases
E) adenylyl cyclases
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
During signal transduction involving G protein and cAMP, what do protein kinases add to target proteins?
A) enzyme
B) substrates
C) calmodulin
D) calcium ions
E) phosphate groups
A) enzyme
B) substrates
C) calmodulin
D) calcium ions
E) phosphate groups
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
Phosphodiesterase catalyzes the conversion of:
A) IP3 to PIP2.
B) GDP to GTP.
C) cAMP to AMP.
D) calcium to calcium-calmodulin.
E) a protein to a phosphorylated protein.
A) IP3 to PIP2.
B) GDP to GTP.
C) cAMP to AMP.
D) calcium to calcium-calmodulin.
E) a protein to a phosphorylated protein.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
Which statement about G protein is false ?
A) Its subunits can separate.
B) One subunit is a GTPase.
C) One subunit binds GTP.
D) One subunit binds GDP.
E) One subunit binds ATP.
A) Its subunits can separate.
B) One subunit is a GTPase.
C) One subunit binds GTP.
D) One subunit binds GDP.
E) One subunit binds ATP.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
Phospholipase C catalyzes the reaction in which:
A) PIP2 is split.
B) IP3 is converted to DAG.
C) a protein kinase is activated.
D) DAG is converted to PIP2.
E) calcium ions are released from the ER.
A) PIP2 is split.
B) IP3 is converted to DAG.
C) a protein kinase is activated.
D) DAG is converted to PIP2.
E) calcium ions are released from the ER.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
What is calmodulin?
A) a hormone
B) a phosphatase
C) a phospholipase
D) a protein kinase
E) a calcium-binding protein
A) a hormone
B) a phosphatase
C) a phospholipase
D) a protein kinase
E) a calcium-binding protein
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
What activates protein kinase C?
A) IP3
B) DAG
C) cAMP
D) PIP2
E) calcium ions
A) IP3
B) DAG
C) cAMP
D) PIP2
E) calcium ions
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
Where are calcium ions stored before a signaling pathway releases them into the cytosol?
A) nucleus
B) ribosome
C) lysosome
D) plasma membrane
E) endoplasmic reticulum
A) nucleus
B) ribosome
C) lysosome
D) plasma membrane
E) endoplasmic reticulum
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
Scaffold proteins ensure that signals are relayed ____.
A) slowly
B) efficiently
C) inaccurately
D) methodically
E) simultaneously
A) slowly
B) efficiently
C) inaccurately
D) methodically
E) simultaneously
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
Which is an example of a second messenger?
A) protein kinase A
B) an ion channel
C) cyclic AMP
D) GABA
E) insulin
A) protein kinase A
B) an ion channel
C) cyclic AMP
D) GABA
E) insulin
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
Many intracellular receptors are transcription factors; when activated, they activate or repress specific _____ .
A) genes
B) neurons
C) kinases
D) enyzmes
E) ribosomes
A) genes
B) neurons
C) kinases
D) enyzmes
E) ribosomes
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
38
Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the reaction in which:
A) PIP2 is split.
B) ATP is converted to cAMP.
C) GTP is converted to GDP.
D) a protein is phosphorylated.
E) calcium ions bind calmodulin.
A) PIP2 is split.
B) ATP is converted to cAMP.
C) GTP is converted to GDP.
D) a protein is phosphorylated.
E) calcium ions bind calmodulin.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
39
In the IP3 pathway, what is the function of IP3?
A) Activate protein kinase C.
B) Activate phospholipase C.
C) Phosphorylate a protein.
D) Bind calcium channels in the ER.
E) Activate adenylyl cyclase.
A) Activate protein kinase C.
B) Activate phospholipase C.
C) Phosphorylate a protein.
D) Bind calcium channels in the ER.
E) Activate adenylyl cyclase.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
40
Which molecule is a first messenger but not a second messenger?
A) G protein
B) cyclic AMP
C) acetylcholine
D) protein kinase
E) adenylyl cyclase
A) G protein
B) cyclic AMP
C) acetylcholine
D) protein kinase
E) adenylyl cyclase
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
41
Which statement about Ras proteins is false ?
A) They are G proteins.
B) They include MAP kinases.
C) They are active when bound to GTP.
D) They are inactivated when phosphorylated.
E) They are activated by tyrosine kinase receptors.
A) They are G proteins.
B) They include MAP kinases.
C) They are active when bound to GTP.
D) They are inactivated when phosphorylated.
E) They are activated by tyrosine kinase receptors.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
42
When a signaling molecule binds to a G protein linked receptor, the ligand-receptor complex associates with GDP protein and causes GDP to be replaced by GTP.
__________________
__________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
43
Why is it important for cells to be able to communicate with one another? List the main steps involved in cell signaling.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
44
You conduct an experiment in which you inactivate Ras proteins in fibroblast cells. Which of the following is the most immediate consequence of this procedure?
A) The fibroblasts divide uncontrollably.
B) The fibroblasts synthesize excess DAG.
C) The fibroblasts synthesize excess G protein.
D) The fibroblasts no longer respond to calmodulin.
E) The fibroblasts no longer synthesize DNA in response to growth factors.
A) The fibroblasts divide uncontrollably.
B) The fibroblasts synthesize excess DAG.
C) The fibroblasts synthesize excess G protein.
D) The fibroblasts no longer respond to calmodulin.
E) The fibroblasts no longer synthesize DNA in response to growth factors.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
45
In what part of the cell does a polar signaling molecule bind its receptor? A nonpolar signaling molecule? Explain your reasoning.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
46
The main signaling cascade for cell division and differentiation is the ____ cascade.
A) cAMP
B) MAP kinase
C) phosphoinositol
D) phospholipase C
E) calcium-calmodulin
A) cAMP
B) MAP kinase
C) phosphoinositol
D) phospholipase C
E) calcium-calmodulin
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
47
Compare and contrast local regulators, neurotransmitters, and hormones.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
48
When signal molecules bind to two tyrosine kinase receptors, the receptors move closer to each other and form a monomer . __________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
49
The outer part of the enzyme linked receptor has a binding site for a signaling molecule, and the part of the receptor that extends into the cytosol has a binding site for a specific G protein.
__________________
__________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
50
Choanoflagellates have been important for the study of cell communication evolution because choanoflagellates have:
A) protein kinases similar to those in animals.
B) G proteins different from those in prokaryotes.
C) signaling molecules similar to those of other protists.
D) signal transduction pathways unlike those in other bacteria.
E) signal transduction pathways that interfere with the cells they infect.
A) protein kinases similar to those in animals.
B) G proteins different from those in prokaryotes.
C) signaling molecules similar to those of other protists.
D) signal transduction pathways unlike those in other bacteria.
E) signal transduction pathways that interfere with the cells they infect.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
51
What is the difference between a first messenger and a second messenger? Give an example of each.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
52
What is calmodulin, and what role does it play in signal transduction?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
53
When an enzyme linked receptor is activated, a conformational change activates the extracellular kinases.
__________________
__________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
54
Ion channels are found in the plasma membranes of neurons and muscle cells.
__________________
__________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
55
What is the process in which one activated receptor can give rise to thousands of final products?
A) signal transcription
B) signal transmission
C) signal transduction
D) signal termination
E) signal amplification
A) signal transcription
B) signal transmission
C) signal transduction
D) signal termination
E) signal amplification
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
56
What happens when Ras proteins become stuck in their "on" state?
A) Cellar responses are slowed.
B) Additional ions are catalyzed.
C) There is unregulated cell division.
D) There is an increase in protein synthesis.
E) Ligand-gated channels close off the membrane.
A) Cellar responses are slowed.
B) Additional ions are catalyzed.
C) There is unregulated cell division.
D) There is an increase in protein synthesis.
E) Ligand-gated channels close off the membrane.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
57
Which MAP kinase was found to be a signaling molecule for oocyte maturation in mice?
A) Mek and Raf
B) Ras 1 and ERK 2
C) Raf 1 and Raf 2
D) Mek and ERK2
E) ERK 1 and ERK 2
A) Mek and Raf
B) Ras 1 and ERK 2
C) Raf 1 and Raf 2
D) Mek and ERK2
E) ERK 1 and ERK 2
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
58
Insulin stimulates cells to take in glucose by facilitated diffusion, so insulin receptor-down regulation increases the ability of cells to take in glucose.
__________________
__________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
59
When food is abundant , the cellular slime mold secretes cAMP into the environment to signal the formation of a multicellular slug-shaped colony.
__________________
__________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
60
Which MAP protein kinase is the last to be activated in the MAP kinase pathway?
A) Ras
B) Raf
C) ERK
D) Mek
E) tyrosine
A) Ras
B) Raf
C) ERK
D) Mek
E) tyrosine
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
61
Match between columns
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
62
Compare and contrast the structure and function of ion channel-linked receptors, G protein-linked receptors, and enzyme-linked receptors. In general, how do they differ from intracellular receptors?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
63
Injecting fibroblasts with anti-Ras antibodies that inactivate Ras proteins increases cell division response to growth factors.
__________________
__________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
64
Give some examples showing how cells respond to signals. How are signals terminated?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
65
Barbiturates and benzodiazepine drugs bind to GABA receptors to open chloride channels, inhibit neural impulse, and induce tranquility.
__________________
__________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
66
Scaffold proteins organize groups of intracellular signaling kinases into signaling complexes.
__________________
__________________
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
67
Explain the differences between receptor up-regulation and down-regulation including the conditions under which a cell would use one rather than the other.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
68
What is meant by signal amplification? Provide two examples.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
69
Compare and contrast the signal transduction pathway involving cAMP with that involving phospholipids.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 69 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck