Deck 57: Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Question 1

Foreign species that have negative effects on native species are called:

A) prey species.
B) non-native species.
C) invasive species.
D) predator species.
E) endemic species.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An example of an animal already extinct as a result of overhunting is the:

A) rhino.
B) passenger pigeon.
C) macaw.
D) Carolina parakeet.
E) wolf.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When a species dies, the species is said to be:

A) extinct.
B) extant.
C) endangered.
D) threatened.
E) endemic.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

An unprotected area of naturally occurring plant and animal assemblages that is surrounded by unsuitable territory due to development or habitat destruction is referred to by biologists as:

A) an island.
B) ex situ conservation.
C) a reserve.
D) a park.
E) a refuge.

Question 5

An example of ex situ conservation is a:

A) national park.
B) zoo.
C) reserve.
D) pet store.
E) circus.

Question 6

When the death of species is less imminent, but the population of a particular species is quite small, it is defined as being:

A) extinct.
B) extant.
C) endangered.
D) threatened.
E) endemic.

Question 7

Which of the following is reported to cause deformities in amphibians in the Sierra Nevadas of California?

A) pesticides
B) pollution
C) trematodes
D) atrazine
E) predators

Question 8

Which animal is incorrectly matched with its desired product?

A) tiger − fur
B) bear − gallbladder
C) anteaters − bush meat
D) rhinos − horns
E) cheetah-liver

Question 9

Animals that are being hunted (often illegally) for body parts thought to have medicinal value include:

A) rhinos and bears.
B) cheetahs and snow leopards.
C) snow leopards and bears.
D) wolves and mountain lions.
E) mountain lions and black-footed ferrets.

Question 10

Biological diversity is an index of the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem, and includes:

A) species richness only.
B) species richness, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
C) species richness, biosphere diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
D) population diversity and ecosystem diversity.
E) genetic diversity only.

Question 11

The introduction of a foreign species into an area where it is not native is called:

A) parasitization.
B) infestation.
C) fragmentation.
D) biotic pollution.
E) commercial harvest.

Question 12

Biotic pollution has been particularly harmful to native species:

A) in deserts.
B) in tundra.
C) on islands.
D) in tropical rain forests.
E) in grasslands.

Question 13

Today, the major danger to species is:

A) hunting by humans.
B) introduction of exotic species.
C) destruction of habitats.
D) predator control.
E) commercial harvesting.

Question 14

The breakup of large areas of habitat into small, isolated patches is called:

A) extinction.
B) habitat fragmentation.
C) invasive species.
D) unsuitable territory.
E) habitat endangerment.

Question 15

Estimates vary, but reasonable numbers for extinction rates suggest that extinction is occurring at a rate approximately ____ times above the normal background rate.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 1000
D) 10,000
E) 1,000,000

Question 16

Some animals are facing extinction as a direct result of deliberate efforts to exterminate them because of their perceived harm to economically useful species. Examples of these include:

A) cheetahs and rhinos.
B) passenger pigeons and cheetahs.
C) prairie dogs and rhinos.
D) rhinos and macaws.
E) mountain lions and wolves.

Question 17

Building roads, parking lots, buildings and bridges all contribute to:

A) biotic pollution.
B) commercial harvest.
C) habitat destruction.
D) ex situ conservation.
E) restoration ecology.

Question 18

The ability to meet humanity's current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is:

A) environmental sustainability.
B) species richness.
C) biosphere diversity.
D) resource conservation.
E) habitat regeneration.

Question 19

A species' numbers are so severely reduced that it is in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of its range. This species would be considered:

A) extinct.
B) extant.
C) endangered.
D) threatened.
E) endemic.

Question 20

Harmful introduced species usually come into an area by:

A) human beings.
B) the species themselves.
C) hurricanes.
D) floods.
E) parasites.

Question 21

A biodiversity hotspot is a(n):

A) protected area with few humans present.
B) type of island from which humans are leaving.
C) an area rich in endemic species and high in human population.
D) a type of corridor to which humans are rapidly migrating.
E) an area poor in endemic species in a tropical location.

Question 22

The problems associated with slash-and-burn agriculture are most closely related to:

A) greed by international corporations.
B) subsistence agriculture.
C) consumption by highly developed countries.
D) cattle ranching.
E) timber for export.

Question 23

Commercial logging:

A) cuts trees primarily for use by developing countries.
B) cuts trees for subsistence farmers.
C) cuts trees primarily for export.
D) is a very sustainable practice in the tropics.
E) is most prevalent in temperate deciduous forests.

Question 24

Which of the following is a predicted effect of continued global warming?

A) greater impact on plant species in particular
B) thermal contraction of a cooler ocean
C) increased precipitation and flooding in mid-latitude continental interiors
D) decreased frequency and intensity of storms
E) overall increase in agricultural productivity

Question 25

Which of the following will prevent the further buildup of greenhouse gases?

A) Choose furniture made from exotic hardwoods.
B) Use your automobile less, and ride a bicycle more.
C) Produce more waste that goes to landfills.
D) Buy an air conditioner that uses chlorofluorocarbons.
E) Buy an automobile with poor fuel-efficient.

Question 26

In situ conservation includes:

A) zoos.
B) aquaria.
C) parks and reserves.
D) seed storage banks.
E) sperm banks.

Question 27

What bird, due to human efforts, has been removed from the endangered species list and is now listed as threatened?

A) passenger pigeon
B) dusky seaside sparrow
C) hyacinth macaw
D) bald eagle
E) Carolina parakeet

Question 28

Climate change occurs because greenhouse gases absorb ____ radiation.

A) UVA
B) UVB
C) visible
D) infrared
E) cosmic

Question 29

In ____, fertilized eggs from a rare species may be implanted in a related and less rare species.

A) host mothering
B) captive breeding
C) artificial insemination
D) commercial harvesting
E) sperm banking

Question 30

The collection of sperm from a male and the use of that sperm to impregnate a female of the same species is called:

A) host mothering.
B) artificial insemination.
C) in situ conservation.
D) in vitro fertilization.
E) ex situ conservation.

Question 31

Figure 57-1 In the accompanying figure, the process labeled as 3 illustrates an action that is reduced by greenhouse gas accumulation. What is this action?

A) heat redirection to the surface
B) heat radiation into space
C) heat reflection into space
D) heat trapping on the surface
E) heat generation by the surface

Question 32

Deforestation in the boreal forests is due primarily to:

A) commercial logging for rare woods to be used in furniture.
B) commercial logging subsistence agriculture.
C) clear-cut logging for industrial wood.
D) slash-and-burn agriculture for farming
E) slash-and-burn agriculture for cattle ranching.

Question 33

In the United States, the largest group of endangered species is:

A) mammals.
B) flowering plants.
C) insects.
D) birds.
E) amphibians.

Question 34

Which action best illustrates in situ conservation?

A) breeding captive species in zoos
B) collecting eggs from nature
C) participating in artificial insemination
D) breeding captive species and collecting eggs from nature
E) designating a large area as a national reserve

Question 35

Figure 57-1 According to the accompanying figure, global warming would result from an increase in which of the labeled components?

A) 1 and 2
B) 2
C) 2 and 3
D) 3
E) 4

Question 36

The use of the principles of ecology to return a degraded environment to as close as possible of a functional state is called:

A) in situ conservation.
B) ex situ conservation.
C) conservation biology.
D) restoration ecology.
E) corridor formation.

Question 37

Perhaps the biggest problem associated with the Endangered Species Act as it currently stands is that it:

A) tends to protect a limited number of organisms.
B) tends to protect plants and some animals, but often under-represents mammals and insects.
C) protects animals whose populations are currently on the increase.
D) currently protects ecosystem diversity.
E) has not been amended since its passage in 1962.

Question 38

Deforestation:

A) retards soil erosion.
B) releases carbon dioxide that may contribute to global warming.
C) has no effect on the extinction of biological species.
D) promotes the preservation of tropical birds.
E) is only a threat to tropical rain forests.

Question 39

Slash-and-burn agriculture:

A) is practiced by international corporations.
B) is practiced by large scale cattle ranchers.
C) includes fuel wood consumption.
D) is practiced by many people in highly developed countries.
E) is practiced by subsistence farmers.

Question 40

What is a practice in which a family produces enough food to feed itself, accounting for nearly 50% of tropical deforestation?

A) monoculture
B) subsistence agriculture
C) slash-and-burn agriculture
D) cattle ranching
E) subsistence ranching.

Question 41

A(n) threatened species is a species in imminent danger of extinction.

Question 42

Which of the following has increased as a direct result of stratospheric ozone depletion?

A) CO₂
B) UVB
C) CFCs
D) nitrous oxides
E) sulfur oxides

Question 43

By definition, a(n) endemic species is a species that is not found anywhere else in the world.

Question 44

The Montreal Protocol:

A) has not yet resulted in measurable decreases in the quantity of global warming chemicals.
B) has not yet been ratified by the U.S. Senate.
C) banned global use of CFCs by 1998.
D) was signed by all 50 states.
E) limited production of CFCs.

Question 45

Habitat corridors allow animals to move from one habitat fragment to another.

Question 46

Differentiate between the problems and effects of global warming and ozone depletion.

Question 47

Host mothering is technique important in in situ conservation.

Question 48

In slash-and-burn agriculture, the yield from the first crop is usually quite high .

Question 49

Identify three greenhouse gases and briefly explain how these gases are contributing to global warming.

Question 50

The term species richness refers to the number of species in a specific location.

Question 51

An example of ex situ conservation is a national park.

Question 52

An example of a(n) ecosystem service is the boreal forest contributing to the proper functioning of the global nitrogen cycle.

Question 53

Which of the following is not a predicted outcome of climate change?

A) change in precipitation patterns
B) inability of some organisms to adapt
C) profound health effect on people in developing countries
D) increased problems for agriculture
E) global average sea level decreasing

Question 54

Stratospheric ozone is important because it:

A) traps reradiated heat from Earth.
B) prevents heat penetration from the sun.
C) replenishes the surface ozone layer.
D) dissipates the surface ozone layer.
E) blocks solar UV radiation.

Question 55

Which of the following is considered a key human made contributor to global warming?

A) carbon dioxide
B) hydrochlorofluorocarbons
C) nitrous oxide
D) ethane
E) surface ozone

Question 56

Differentiate between the following terms: threatened species, endangered species, and extinct species.

Question 57

An example of in situ conservation is a zoo.

Question 58

Increased exposure to UV radiation is expected to increase rates of ____ in humans.

A) cataracts
B) glaucoma
C) psoriasis
D) shingles
E) alopecia

Question 59

An example of commercial harvest is the introduction of a foreign species into an area where it is not native.

Question 60

Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming by absorbing UV radiation.

Question 63

The greenhouse gas presently at highest concentration in the Earth's atmosphere is methane .

Question 64

Give examples of at least two species that are either extinct or facing extinction due to each of the following: 1) destruction of habitat, 2) biotic pollution, 3) unregulated hunting and poaching, 4) deliberate pest or predator control, and 5) commercial harvesting.

Question 65

List four reasons for deforestation in the tropics. Which of these are associated with consumption by persons in highly developed countries? Which are associated with overpopulation of indigenous persons?

Question 66

Give several examples of in situ and ex situ conservation. What are advantages and disadvantages of each approach to conservation?

Question 67

Ozone molecules in the stratosphere shield the Earth from damaging UV radiation.

Question 68

An example of an atom or molecule that directly breaks down O₃ is CFC .