Deck 13: Nationalism Triumphant the Emergence of Independent States in South and Southeast Asia

Question 1

Unlike the more vulnerable democratic West, the nations of Southeast Asia were unaffected by the world financial crisis of 1997, primarily because of their more authoritarian political institutions.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Since 1977, Pakistan has been under the constitutional rule of Muslim clerics who have served as prime ministers and as the head of state.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In general, the women of South Asia and Southeast Asia have not experienced greater social, or economic status equality or increased opportunities since independence from the West was achieved.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Under Nehru, India's foreign policy

A) was based upon secular Hinduism.
B) was that of neutrality between Pakistan and Bangladesh.
C) supported the Soviet Union and the Comintern.
D) was aligned with the United States and the West.
E) maintained a position of neutrality in the Cold War.

Question 5

Jawaharlal Nehru

A) was opposed to the British parliamentary system because of its associations with authoritarian colonialism.
B) was influenced by British socialism and patterned his economic program after that of the British Labour Party.
C) aligned India with the West during the Cold War.
D) was assassinated by Sikhs in retaliation for his ordering the destruction of their Golden Palace.
E) agreed with Gandhi about the virtues of an anti-materialistic village society.

Question 6

The practice of sati has been re-introduced in India to encourage greater civil rights for women.

Question 7

Prejudice against the untouchables (the harijans or dalits ) continues in India in spite of the 1950 constitution that guaranteed equal treatment and opportunity for all, regardless of caste.

Question 8

In comparison to her father, Indira Gandhi

A) believed in free-market capitalism.
B) had no interest in agricultural reform.
C) was more the activist such as in the area of population control.
D) practiced ahimsa .
E) reoriented India's foreign policy away from neutralism to a pro-Western commitment.

Question 9

The major region of violent confrontation between India and Pakistan has been

A) Tibet.
B) Sri Lanka.
C) Bangladesh.
D) the Ganges valley.
E) Kashmir.

Question 10

The two European nations which adamantly refused to give up their Southeast Asian colonies after World War II were France and the Netherlands.

Question 11

Salmon Rushdie's tales of mysticism and religion has made him one of the few Western writers embraced by Islamic audiences.

Question 12

The major Indian figure that warned that the division of India would lead to an "orgy of blood" was

A) Indira Gandhi.
B) Mahatma Gandhi.
C) Jawaharlal Nehru.
D) Mohammed Ali Jinnah.
E) Mohammad Iqbal.

Question 13

Independent India's political system was organized on the model of

A) the Soviet Union.
B) the United States.
C) Aryan India.
D) Great Britain.
E) Communist China.

Question 14

India's very successful "Green Revolution" not only increased the agricultural yield in India, but it also reduced the traditional inequality between large and small farmers.

Question 15

The city of Bangalore in southern India has become an important technological center partial due to the practice of outsourcing.

Question 16

After independence, India faced the problem of

A) a Muslim majority in the Hindu nation of India.
B) the permanent loss of Kashmir and Hyderabad.
C) the poverty and the illiteracy of the majority of the population.
D) a demoralized leadership.
E) the lack of an experienced civil service or bureaucracy.

Question 17

By 1975, the government of Indira Gandhi had lost popularity because of

A) military defeat in a border war against Pakistan.
B) its pursuit of western materialism.
C) her gender.
D) corruption and Gandhi's authoritarian manner.
E) its failure to enfranchise India's poor.

Question 18

Unlike India, when Pakistan was established in 1947, it was a nation based on religious convictions rather than upon either historical or ethnic traditions.

Question 19

The major cause of the division of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 was sectarian or communal differences.

Question 20

When Indira Gandhi became India's prime minister in 1966, she reversed Nehru's policy of democratic socialism, arguing that private enterprise could better solve India's intransigent economic problems.

Question 21

The status of women in India

A) was traditionally higher than in most Asian nations.
B) was similar to that of China and Japan.
C) was similar to most Western countries.
D) declined as a result of independence, when women lost the right to vote.
E) generally improved after independence, but with some exceptions.

Question 22

In July 1946, the United States granted independence to

A) Okinawa.
B) Puerto Rico.
C) the Philippines.
D) the Aleutians
E) South Korea.

Question 23

In India today

A) child marriage and female illiteracy have disappeared in rural India.
B) urban women often play a modern role in marketplace but a more traditional role at home.
C) women have achieved full social and economic equality with men.
D) as evidence by the success of Indira Gandhi, woman are in a superior position to most men, particularly in the realm of politics.
E) there is a higher ratio of women to men in today's Indian society, reflecting the improved status of women.

Question 24

Riots erupted in East Pakistan in 1952 over the government's decision to

A) make Bengali the official language.
B) make Urdu the official language.
C) allow Hindus to worship publicly.
D) ally with the atheistic Soviet Union in the continuing Cold War.
E) make Pakistan as a secular society.

Question 25

An example of Hindu militancy was

A) the assassination of Indira Gandhi.
B) an impromptu invasion of Kashmir.
C) support for the Sinhalese faction in Sri Lanka.
D) the destruction of a mosque at Ayodhya.
E) the condemnation of Salmon Rushdie's novel, Satanic Verses .

Question 26

The Petronas Towers, once the world's tallest building, are located in

A) Singapore.
B) Saigon.
C) Manila.
D) Kuala Lumpur.
E) Jakarta.

Question 27

Mohammed Ali Jinnah argued that the new state of Pakistan

A) would be an Islamic state and that no other religions would be tolerated.
B) would adopt socialism as its guiding economic policy.
C) would be ruled by strict Islamic law.
D) would tolerate Buddhists and Christians but not Hindus, who made up the majority population of India, Pakistan's arch foe.
E) must guarantee religious freedom and equal treatment for all.

Question 28

By the end of the twentieth century, the population of India

A) is finally decreasing thanks to Indira Gandhi's forced sterilization program.
B) is declining because life expectancy has dropped from fifty years to less than thirty since the British quit India.
C) is increasing because of urbanization, and urban Indians want larger families than rural peasants.
D) continues to increase because of the decline in the death rate.
E) has leveled out, and will soon begin to decline.

Question 29

The breakup of Pakistan in 1971 created the new nation of

A) Sri Lanka.
B) East Pakistan.
C) Afghanistan.
D) the Bengali Republic.
E) Bangladesh.

Question 30

A challenge faced by modern India is

A) its radical Hindu minority.
B) that it was divided into East India and West India.
C) that there are fourteen official languages.
D) its declining population which put pressure on its welfare and pension systems.
E) its lack of democratic procedures.

Question 31

India's "Green Revolution"

A) doubled grain production between 1960 and 1980.
B) increased the demand for farm labor, thus leading to greater peasant prosperity.
C) brought wealth to all rural Indians.
D) failed to have an impact on India's shrinking food resources.
E) was opposed by politicians as being too "socialist" in orientation.

Question 32

India's constitution, based upon Great Britain's parliamentary system, was less democratic than it appeared because

A) initially Nehru ruled by dictatorial decree.
B) for many years India was a one-party state.
C) the custom of untouchability remained legal.
D) women were denied the vote.
E) there was a literacy test for voting.

Question 33

By the end of the twentieth century, India's middle class numbered

A) about 1 million.
B) about 10 million.
C) about 25 million.
D) about 100 million.
E) about 500 million.

Question 34

By 1950, United States pressure on the Dutch led to the independence of

A) Malaysia.
B) Vietnam.
C) Cambodia.
D) Singapore.
E) Indonesia.

Question 35

Issues of caste in India

A) have totally disappeared due to the Constitution of 1950.
B) continue to have considerable significance in spite of constitutional guarantees of equality.
C) are only of significance in the Ganges valley but not in southern India.
D) have disappeared due to a greater emphasis upon religious radicalism.
E) are more important in urban areas than in the rural countryside.

Question 36

In recent decades, the Indian government has

A) maintained its socialist orientation.
B) abandoned industrialization in favor of modern agricultural reform.
C) used the Peoples' Republic of China as a paradigm for economic development.
D) ended its flirtation with Marxist socialism, preferring a Fabian socialist approach instead.
E) relied increasingly on the free market.

Question 37

As in India, where Indira Gandhi eventually followed her father as prime minister, in Pakistan a prime minister who eventually succeeded her father was

A) Srimivao Bandaranaike.
B) Sonia Khan.
C) Taslima Nasrin.
D) Benazir Bhutto.
E) Fatima Jinnah.

Question 38

Rajiv Gandhi

A) was a radical socialist in his economic policies.
B) lacked the strong ideological convictions of his mother and grandfather.
C) supported the ahimsa philosophy of his grandfather.
D) reluctantly ceded Kashmir to Pakistan.
E) was a Hindu conservative in his lifestyle, including dress and his choice of spouse.

Question 39

Indira Gandhi was assassinated in 1984 by

A) militant Sikhs angry at her order to seize the Sikh Golden Temple in Amritsar.
B) radical Tamil Tigers who were frustrated with India's attempt to end Tamil violence in Sri Lanka.
C) angry Pakistani Muslims who resented India's continued control of Kashmir.
D) frustrated Hindus who believed Gandhi and her Congress Party was too secular in its policies.
E) Communist-anarchists.

Question 40

The controversial Indian author whose novels have alienated both Hindus and Muslims is

A) Salman Rushdie.
B) R. K. Narayan.
C) V. S. Naipaul.
D) Kasum Nair.
E) Siddiqa Begum Savharri.

Question 41

The political organization and its leader which ultimately massacred more than one million Cambodians were the

A) Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot.
B) Vietminh and Ho Chi Minh.
C) Marxists for Cambodia and Ngo Dinh Diem.
D) Socialism Forever! and Norodom Sihanouk.
E) Dada Means Death and Hun Sen.

Question 42

V.S. Naipaul criticized Mahatma Gandhi's vision of India because

A) it glorified poverty and excused failure.
B) he failed to account for the spread of violence in politics.
C) it did not encourage a Hindi India.
D) it encouraged materialism and Western industrialization.
E) it did not allow for spiritual growth.

Question 43

Pakistan faces all of these problems except

A) a history of political assassinations.
B) on going disputes with India over Kashmir.
C) accusations of political corruption and authoritarianism.
D) wide spread poverty and illiteracy.
E) rampant nationalism.

Question 44

Independence in Southeast Asia did not lead to material prosperity because

A) the West refused to provide financial or technological assistance.
B) Muslim and Buddhist religious beliefs and practices were by nature anti-materialistic.
C) of a lack of trained leaders, educational resources, and capital.
D) the vast majority of the population desired only to remain on their small farms.
E) the Cold War redirected resources into unproductive channels.

Question 45

Which leader was not assassinated?

A) Corazon Aquino.
B) Mahatma Gandhi.
C) Indira Gandhi.
D) Rajiv Gandhi.
E) Benazir Bhutto.

Question 46

Indira Gandhi was the daughter of which Indian leader?

A) Jawaharlal Nehru.
B) Mohandas Gandhi.
C) A. B. Vajpayee.
D) Rajiv Gandhi.
E) Manmohan Singh.

Question 47

Who did Jawaharlal Nehru believed "just wants to spin and weave"?

A) Mahatma Gandhi.
B) Indira Gandhi.
C) the poor women of India.
D) the Tamil Tigers.
E) Pakistan.

Question 48

Due to pressure by the international community, in the late 1990s Indonesia was forced to grant independence to

A) East Timor.
B) Aceh.
C) Borneo.
D) Mindanao.
E) Sumatra.

Question 49

Southeast Asia's urban residents

A) have entirely abandoned their own cultural roots in favor of Western culture.
B) have maintained many of their cultural practices.
C) generally become more religious in their new urban environment.
D) are no different than their rural peers in cultural matters.
E) no longer believe in mystical or supernatural powers.

Question 50

The internationally recognized opponent of the military regime in what was formerly called Burma is

A) Ne Win.
B) Aung San Suu Kyi.
C) Mgawati Sukarnoputri.
D) Lee Kuan-yew.
E) Shintaro Ishihara.

Question 51

The event that finally drove Indonesia's Suharto from power in 1998 was

A) violent street riots and popular anger.
B) a wide-spread environmental crisis.
C) a Muslim revolution.
D) the United Nations' demand than Suharto be turned over to an international court and tried for civil rights abuses.
E) economic collapse caused by an oil embargo instituted by the United States.

Question 52

The Indonesian nationalist leader who led the struggle for independence against the Dutch was

A) Suharto.
B) Sukarno.
C) Ho Chi Minh.
D) Pot Pol.
E) B. J. Habibie

Question 53

After achieving independence, most of the nations of Southeast Asia modeled their new governments on

A) the Soviet system.
B) the Maoist organization.
C) their pre-colonial traditions.
D) Bismarckian Germany.
E) Western democratic models.

Question 54

India faces many problems including all of the following except

A) a decreasing middle-class in the face of outsourcing.
B) environmental problems such as land erosion, overcrowding, and resource scarcity.
C) continued gender inequity.
D) a third of the population live below the poverty line.
E) high mortality rates among girls.

Question 55

Initially, ASEAN concentrated upon

A) military and political matters.
B) cultural and religions concerns.
C) health and safety reforms.
D) economic and social endeavors.
E) remaining completely neutral in the Cold War.

Question 56

The reunification of Vietnam under Communist rule in 1975 was followed by

A) a general peace throughout the entire region.
B) Laos turning to the West for assistance in maintaining its independence.
C) Vietnam allying itself with Communist China against the Soviet Union in the continuing dispute between the two Communist super-states.
D) a slow abandonment of socialism in favor of modified capitalism in Vietnam.
E) the emergence of a brutal revolutionary regime in Cambodia.

Question 57

The most publicized example of a failed system of democracy was

A) Vietnam.
B) the Philippines.
C) Indonesia.
D) Malaysia.
E) Thailand.

Question 58

All of the following were initial members of ASEAN, established in 1967, except

A) the Philippines.
B) Vietnam.
C) Malaysia.
D) Indonesia.
E) Thailand.

Question 59

In general, historically the women of Southeast Asia

A) had fewer restrictions and enjoyed a higher status than elsewhere in Asia.
B) were subject to Confucian requirements of foot-binding.
C) experienced wide-spread physical mutilation.
D) were subjected to seclusion from any public society.
E) were equal to men in all matters except in politics.

Question 60

The Buru Quartet by Pramoedya Toer recounts

A) the struggle of Indonesian people for freedom from colonial rule.
B) the rise of the military junta in Burma and creation of Myanmar.
C) the death camps in Cambodia overseen by Pol Pot.
D) the bloody struggle for independence in Bangladesh.
E) the East Timor War that lead to the establishment of Burundi.

Question 61

Identify the following terms:
Rajiv Gandhi

Question 62

Identify the following terms:
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and General Zia Ul Ha'q

Question 63

Identify the following terms:
"an orgy of blood"

Question 64

Identify the following terms:
Amritsar's Golden Temple

Question 65

Identify the following terms:
Pervez Musharraf

Question 66

Identify the following terms:
Urdu and Bengali

Question 67

Identify the following terms:
"just wants to spin and weave"

Question 68

Identify the following terms:
Benazir Bhutto

Question 69

Identify the following terms:
Third World

Question 70

Identify the following terms:
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

Question 71

Identify the following terms:
Bangladesh

Question 72

The Philippine dictator overthrown in 1986 was

A) Ferdinand Marcos.
B) Corazon Aquino.
C) Joseph Estrada.
D) Sukarno.
E) Ho Chi Minh.

Question 73

In 2008, this widower was elected President of Pakistan.

A) Asif Ali Zardari.
B) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
C) Zai ul Ha'q.
D) Pervez Musharraf.
E) Benazir Bhutto.

Question 74

Identify the following terms:
Hyderabad and Kashmir

Question 75

Identify the following terms:
Petronas Towers and the Selangor Cricket Club

Question 76

Identify the following terms:
Congress Party

Question 77

Identify the following terms:
Sri Lanka and the Elam Tigers

Question 78

Identify the following terms:
Sikhs

Question 79

Identify the following terms:
West Pakistan and East Pakistan

Question 80

Identify the following terms:
Indira Gandhi