Deck 11: Toward the Pacific Century Japan and the Little Tigers 

Question 1

All observers, within China and abroad, are confident that the two-China issue between the Republic of China on Taiwan and the People's Republic will be resolved peacefully.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The political and economic difficulties faced by Japan in the several decades after World War II was the result of an enforced policy of laissez-faire decentralization of government and business.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The new/postwar Japanese Constitution

A) was modeled directly on the Meiji Constitution of 1889.
B) attempted to turn Japan into a more homogenous society than existed before World War II.
C) gave Japan the right to reestablish its army and its navy, but under international supervision.
D) increased the power of the emperor in order to counter the influence of Japan's military.
E) reduced the power of the emperor and guaranteed human rights.

Answer 3

reduced the power of the emperor and guaranteed human rights.

Question 4

Hong Kong has differed from the other economic tigers of East Asia in that it has relied on a free-market system rather than active state intervention in pursing economic development.

Question 5

All of the following are characteristic of the "Japanese miracle" except

A) its economic success was due to Japan's extensive oil reserves off its north coast.
B) the Japanese quality of life is among the highest in the world.
C) it is the world's greatest exporting nation.
D) the literacy rate in Japan approaches 100 percent.
E) it established one of the world's most technologically advanced economies.

Question 6

Japan's post-World War II constitution included

A) the rebuilding the Japanese army and navy.
B) incorporating the Japanese military into the NATO command structure.
C) nationalizing Japanese industry as a means to pay compensation to those victims of Japanese aggression.
D) transforming Japan into a peaceful and pluralistic society no longer capable of waging offensive war.
E) exiling the former emperor to Okinawa.

Question 7

Although the United States agreed that Japan's Emperor Hirohito should retain his throne in part because it was believed he had opposed the war policy of his senior advisors, recent historical studies have concluded that the emperor fully supported it.

Question 8

Some analysts have claimed that the Japanese used the Ministry of International Trade and Industry to illegally dump goods at prices below costs.

Question 9

One of the major issues of the Korean peninsula at the beginning of the twenty-first century was North Korea's nuclear weapons ambitions.

Question 10

Because the post-war constitution renounced war as a national policy, Japan was unable to give the United States any support during the Cold War era.

Question 11

For most of the half century after World War II, Japan could best be described politically as

A) a democratic state where two major parties dominated the political process, sharing power alternately.
B) a constitutional monarchy wherein the emperor chose the prime minister and the cabinet subject to ratification by the Diet.
C) a largely authoritarian society where the genro oligarches ruled according to the 1947 constitution.
D) a democratic state where one party held power throughout the period.
E) an Asian-style "people's republic."

Question 12

One of the more stubborn legacies of Japanese tradition is continued sexual inequality in regards to women.

Question 13

The post-World War II Japanese economic miracle resulted only because Japan totally abandoned its system of Confucian values.

Question 14

The Japanese Miracle has been tarnished by recent claims of sloppiness and complacency.

Question 15

One of the problems of Japanese politics and government in the post-World War II era is the result of

A) its too rapid nationalization of industry and communications facilities.
B) its failure to adopt a land reform program to reduce the number of poor tenant farmers.
C) its federal political structure which gives too much independence to Japan's prefectures and other local entities.
D) the domination of the political process by the military, both army and navy.
E) the unitary nature of Japanese politics with its centralizing tendencies.

Question 16

After World War II, Japan's zaibatsu

A) were allowed to continue to operate, but under greater regulation.
B) were temporarily abolished, but reappeared later as an interlocking agreement known as keiretsu .
C) were permanently abolished because cartels were no longer believed to be necessary to Japan's economy.
D) were tried for war crimes and many were executed.
E) were finally given their civil rights after centuries of discrimination.

Question 17

Because of the Confucian values of Japanese society, teenagers have rejected the fashion-conscious fads of Western consumerism.

Question 18

In comparison to the educational system of many Western nations including the United States, the Japanese educational system is much more rigorous and demanding of its students.

Question 19

The allied general responsible for the political and social rehabilitation of Japan after World War II was

A) Dwight D. Eisenhower.
B) George Marshall.
C) Douglas MacArthur.
D) Montgomery of Alamein.
E) Joseph Stilwell.

Question 20

In 1951, Japan signed a peace treaty with its former enemies, including the United States, and

A) all United States military troops were permanently removed from Japanese territory.
B) Japan gave up claims to Taiwan and Korea.
C) the Soviet Union restored the Kurile Islands to Japan as a sign of friendship and amity.
D) as a result the governments of Japan and the United States became equal partners in the defense of Southeast Asia.
E) Emperor Hirohito was replaced by his liberal eldest son.

Question 21

Japan's "art-manga" is

A) a form of abstract culture dealing in spiritual subject matter.
B) a traditional type of landscape art, painted on rice paper.
C) the Japanese word for western rap music.
D) a traditional food, presented in aesthetic forms.
E) a literary cartoon.

Question 22

One of the fastest growing religious sects in Japan in recent decades is the

A) Soka Gakkai.
B) Yukio Apure.
C) Kokutai.
D) Ikira Amae.
E) Kosutu Daun.

Question 23

The agricultural reform program in Japan

A) failed because of opposition by the allied occupation government which was concerned about possible communist influence.
B) was initially successful, but ultimately collapsed in the face of agricultural imports from the United States.
C) reduced the number of tenant farmers from about 50 percent to 10 percent of the total.
D) was terminated by the Japanese government in its pursuit of greater industrialization.
E) consolidated small agricultural plots into more efficient large farms of about 1,000 acres, similar to those existing in the United States.

Question 24

In Japan, women today

A) are still disadvantaged in comparison to American women.
B) have yet to achieve legal equality.
C) have created a vigorous feminist movement.
D) comprise about 20 percent of the total work force.
E) have achieved economic equality with men.

Question 25

A problem facing Japan in the immediate future is

A) an increasing birth rate.
B) a declining birth rate.
C) a level of domestic violence which surpasses that of the United States.
D) a declining level of literacy among the general population.
E) an obvious increase in militarism among the young.

Question 26

One issue which divides the United States from many of Japan's Asian neighbors and that is also divisive within Japanese society is whether Japan should

A) accept total guilt for starting World War II.
B) develop a greater military capacity than is allowed by the 1947 Constitution.
C) return the Kurile Islands to Russia now that the Cold War is over and the Soviet Union is no more.
D) become a member of NATO.
E) continue economic trade with Communist China.

Question 27

The leader of the People's Republic of Korea who ruled from the 1950s to the 1990s was

A) Syngman Rhee.
B) Kim Il Sung.
C) Chung Hee Park.
D) Kim Jong Il.
E) Kim Dae Jung.

Question 28

The Japanese word for the emphasis placed upon loyalty to the group and community is

A) bushido .
B) banzai .
C) kokutai .
D) esukeepu .
E) amae .

Question 29

The Japanese author who objected to the "Coca-colonization" of Japan and who committed suicide was

A) Kenzaburo Oe.
B) Soka Gakkai.
C) Yukio Mishima.
D) Haruki Marakami.
E) Ikko Shimizu.

Question 30

All of the following are correct about education in Japan except

A) the school year is 240 days.
B) many Japanese children take cram courses in addition to their regular school courses.
C) most Japanese teachers respect students as individuals and encourage personal self-discovery.
D) university students often work less diligently in college than they did in secondary school.
E) some teachers bully students and strict conformity is emphasized in the classroom.

Question 31

Today Japanese defense expenditures total what percent of their gross national product?

A) Less than 1 percent.
B) Almost 5 percent.
C) 7 percent.
D) Just over 10 percent.
E) Close to 14 percent.

Question 32

As a result of the Korean War, the percentage of the population who became refugees was

A) 5 percent.
B) 10 percent.
C) 15 percent.
D) 25 percent.
E) 35 percent.

Question 33

The Japanese author who received the Nobel Prize for Literature and whose characters reflect the spiritual anguish of losing Japan's traditions in adopting Western culture is

A) Kenzaburo Oe.
B) Soka Gakkai.
C) Yukio Mishima.
D) Haruki Marakami.
E) Ikko Shimizu.

Question 34

Lingering issues that have caused friction between Japan and Korea include all of the following except

A) the Japanese demand for economic compensation for its extensive investments in Korean transportation and industry in the decades after 1910.
B) the Japanese conscription of Korean women as prostitutes during World War II.
C) discrimination in Japan against Korean residents.
D) the failure of Japanese textbooks to truly portray and discuss Japan's military atrocities during World War II.
E) Japan's failure to express formal remorse for its actions during World War II.

Question 35

Japan's economic successes can be explained by all of the following factors except

A) its abandonment of traditional Confucian values and the adoption of the values of Western individualism.
B) its tradition of Confucian values.
C) World War II destroyed its industrial base and thus Japan did not face the problem of out-of-date manufacturing factories and equipment.
D) it spends considerably less than the United States on military defense.
E) the Japanese spend more hours on the job than do most Americans.

Question 36

In the 1990s, the Japanese economy

A) declined because of economic depression the United States which thus no longer had the financial income to purchase Japanese exports.
B) faced the increasing competitive nature of American firms in the global marketplace.
C) prospered considerably because of the group nature of Japanese society which guaranteed life-time employment.
D) declined because of the value o f the yen rose wh ich hurt exports.
E) expanded considerably more than did Communist China during the same decade.

Question 37

It is estimated that in the Korean War (1950-1953), the number of Koreans who died numbered

A) 500,000.
B) one million.
C) two million.
D) four million.
E) eight million.

Question 38

Some critics of Japan's recent economic developments have claimed that

A) there is too little government involvement in the economy.
B) there should be more contacts between politicians and businessmen in order to facilitate economic growth.
C) there should be less government involvement and Japan should open up its markets to international competition.
D) in order to improve economic productivity, Japan should raise its tariffs.
E) government nationalization of industry would stabilize and then improve the economy.

Question 39

A traditional religion in Japan that is based on the belief in the existence of spirits in Nature

A) Shintoism.
B) Hinduism.
C) Buddhism.
D) Keiretsu.
E) Taoism.

Question 40

One example of an increase in personal rebellion against the society norm in Japan is

A) increased enlistment in Japan's defense force.
B) abandonment of the cities for a meditative life in the countryside.
C) "tea hair."
D) the increase of the number of "salarymen" in the upper echelons of the Department of Conservation.
E) the increased use of raisu .

Question 41

The Republic of China, based on the island of Taiwan, benefited from

A) financial aid from the mainland's People's Republic of China.
B) the decision to establish large government owned and run agricultural plantations which would be more efficient than private farms.
C) a military security treaty with Japan.
D) a modern economic infrastructure, the result of fifty years of Japanese rule.
E) Chiang Kai-shek's immediate implementation of political democracy in 1949.

Question 42

Lee Kuan-yew claimed that for Singapore

A) the Soviet Union was a proper economic model.
B) Western pluralist democracy was not appropriate.
C) the Japanese Meiji experience was unsuitable.
D) the People's Republic of China was a political inspiration.
E) there was a need for more immigrants.

Question 43

One of the differences between the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China was that

A) Taiwan felt no need to establish a family planning program, unlike mainland China.
B) the mainland, because of its great size and lengthy history, retained Confucius as a suitable paradigm.
C) unlike the mainland, Taiwan actively maintained Chinese traditions and a respect for Confucian values.
D) Taiwan continued to rely upon agricultural exports instead of industrial production to fuel its economy, while the mainland attempted to industrialize through a series of five year plans.
E) there were no ethnic or cultural divisions on Taiwan, while there were many different ethnic groups in the People's Republic of China.

Question 44

The nation that ruled Singapore and Hong Kong throughout much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was

A) France.
B) Japan.
C) Great Britain.
D) China.
E) Malaysia.

Question 45

The Ainu are

A) an ethnic minority that live in isolated communities on the northern island of Hokkaido.
B) the hereditary outcasts of Korean descent that live in Japan.
C) aging parents that are forced to live in government housing because their children cannot afford to care for them.
D) the native population in New Zealand.
E) Japanese students that fail to pass the examination tests.

Question 46

The issue drawing Australia and New Zealand into closer relationships with the nations of Asia is

A) racial similarity.
B) military security.
C) cultural similarity.
D) economics and trade.
E) fear of American hegemony.

Question 47

All of these statements are true of the Japanese educational system except

A) literacy rates are nearly 100 percent.
B) Japanese students consistently earn higher scores on achievement tests than children in other countries.
C) the amount of work assigned increases at every level.
D) Japanese students attend school for 240 days a year rather than 180.
E) Japanese schools are known for oppressive conformity.

Question 48

The United States-led alliance to which both Australia and New Zealand belong is

A) NATO.
B) the British Commonwealth.
C) ANZUS.
D) ASEAN.
E) the OAS.

Question 49

The twentieth century Chinese figure whose principles were followed by the Nationalists on Taiwan was

A) Mao Zedong.
B) Chou Enlai.
C) Yuan Shikai.
D) Henry Pu Yi.
E) Sun Yat-sen.

Question 50

The Republic of Korea's leader who borrowed the nineteenth century concept of "rich country and strong state" from Japan was

A) Syngman Rhee.
B) Kim Il Sung.
C) Park Chung Hee.
D) Kim Jon Il.
E) Kim Dae Jung.

Question 51

All of the following are correct about the similarities between Hong Kong and Singapore except both

A) are city-states.
B) remained under colonial rule until the end of the 1990's.
C) are predominantly Chinese.
D) have relatively high standard of living.
E) have emerged as industrial powerhouses.

Question 52

Singapore leader Goh Chok Tong has promised

A) a kinder, gentler Singapore.
B) to increase economic growth.
C) a minimum income to anyone that migrants to Singapore.
D) greater attention to law and order.
E) to embrace Western pluralism.

Question 53

Under the leadership of Park Chung Hee, South Korea

A) pursued a policy of economic laissez-faire with no involvement of the government in the economy.
B) turned South Korea away from a failing industrial society to a predominantly agricultural society.
C) reduced the size and power of the military in favor of massive industrial growth.
D) instituted a series of five years plans which created a strong industrial base.
E) permanently adopted western-style democratic institutions and practices.

Question 54

In 1997, Britain lost control of which Asian city?

A) Hong Kong
B) Shanghai.
C) Edo.
D) New Dehli.
E) Bangkok.

Question 55

In Singapore,

A) economic success relies on continuing political authoritarianism.
B) economic prosperity is the result of a laissez-faire philosophy of governing.
C) a majority of the population are Malays.
D) economic success is beginning to undermine the authoritarian system.
E) there is a lack of concern about hygiene.

Question 56

Hong Kong's experience has been different from other "Little Tigers" because

A) it has succeeded while others have failed.
B) it never suffered under colonial rule.
C) it has relied on an unbridled free market system.
D) it used state planning to organize its economy.
E) it has had to spend large amount of money for defense.

Question 57

The South Korean industrial economy prospered from the 1960s through the 1980s because of

A) high wages.
B) a high rate of savings.
C) massive consumer spending.
D) an abandonment of Confucian ideas.
E) shorter working hours.

Question 58

The percentage of Japanese older than 65 years old that live with their children is

A) 50 percent.
B) 25 percent.
C) 80 percent.
D) 40 percent.
E) 60 percent.

Question 59

The most crucial issue in Taiwan's future is

A) its military relationship with the United States.
B) its economic relationships with Japan.
C) its familial and social relationships with Hong Kong.
D) its political and constitutional relationship with Communist China.
E) coping with its too-rapidly expanding population.

Question 60

In Taiwan, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) has

A) occasionally agitated for independence.
B) called for greater ties to mainland China.
C) rejected calls by the Nationalists to formally break ties with the PRC.
D) sought to annex Hong Kong.
E) stopped accepting military assistance from the United States.

Question 61

Identify the following terms:
Japanese wartime misconduct

Question 62

The new "interlocking arrangements" between Japanese companies was called

A) keiretsu.
B) Ainu.
C) chaebeal.
D) Burakumin.
E) Meiji.

Question 63

Identify the following terms:
"examination hell"

Question 64

Identify the following terms:
the Burakumin

Question 65

Identify the following terms:
General Douglas MacArthur

Question 66

Identify the following terms:
"education mothers"

Question 67

Identify the following terms:
"Little Tigers"

Question 68

Identify the following terms:
Japan's postwar constitution

Question 69

Identify the following terms:
the "Japanese miracle"

Question 70

Identify the following terms:
keiretsu

Question 71

Identify the following terms:
"tea hair"

Question 72

Identify the following terms:
comfort women

Question 73

Identify the following terms:
zaibatsu

Question 74

Identify the following terms:
Junichiro Koizumi

Question 75

Identify the following terms:
the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)

Question 76

Identify the following terms:
the Liberal Democrats

Question 77

Identify the following terms:
"good wife and wise mother"

Question 78

The South Korean chaebol is the equivalent of the Japanese

A) zaibatsu.
B) Meiji.
C) samurai.
D) Ainu.
E) Burakumin.

Question 79

Identify the following terms:
"Pacific Century"

Question 80

Identify the following terms:
Shinto