Deck 29: Seed Plants

Question 1

The male gametophytes of seed plants consist of a few cells enclosed by a sturdy wall made mostly of the resistant polymer ____.

A) sporopollenin
B) xylan
C) lignin
D) cellulose
E) pectin

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In heterosporous plants, megaspores form in ____ and give rise to ____.

A) megasporangia; egg-producing female gametophytes
B) megasporangia; sperm-producing male gametophytes
C) microsporangia; egg-producing female gametophytes
D) microsporangia; sperm-producing male gametophytes
E) megasporangia; both egg-producing and sperm-producing gametophytes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The ____ phylum has about 185 known living species of vascular, seed-bearing plants. Many of them look like palm trees, and some produce massive strobili, with male and female strobili found on separate plants.

A) Cycadophyta
B) Anthophyta
C) Gnetophyta
D) Coniferophyta
E) Ginkgophyta

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Archaeopteris belongs to the now-extinct lineage of seedless vascular plants called ____, and is proposed to be the possible ancestor of gymnosperms.

A) Charophyta
B) Monilophyta
C) Lycophyta
D) proangiosperms
E) progymnosperms

Question 5

Seed plants as a whole belong to a nontaxonomic grouping called the ____.

A) angiosperms
B) gnetophytes
C) gymnosperms
D) Spermatophyta
E) tracheophytes

Question 6

Which evolutionary change was not one of the four primary milestones contributing to the evolution of the seed?

A) the proliferation of flagellated sperm
B) the emergence of sexually different spores
C) the protection of female spores and gametophytes within the body of the sporophyte
D) the trend toward reduced gametophytes
E) the evolution of the ovule

Question 7

The buttery, edible flesh that encloses the large seed of an avocado is tissue of the ____.

A) microspore
B) ovule
C) ovary
D) cotyledon
E) pollen

Question 8

Living members of ____ are often the dominant land plants in cool temperate zones. Among other products, they are important sources of lumber, paper pulp, resins, and turpentine.

A) lycophytes
B) ferns
C) gymnosperms
D) bryophytes
E) angiosperms

Question 9

Seeds may remain dormant ____, sprouting only when external conditions such as temperature and available moisture favor the seedling's growth.

A) up to days
B) up to weeks
C) up to months
D) up to months or years
E) for months, years, or even millennia

Question 10

The only extant seed plants that have swimming sperm are the ____.

A) cycads
B) ginkgos
C) conifers
D) cycads and ginkgos
E) cycads, ginkgos, and conifers

Question 11

The immature male gametophyte of seed plants is called a(n) ____.

A) sporopollenin
B) ovule
C) seed
D) strobilus
E) pollen grain

Question 12

In seedless plants, ____ in each megasporangium produces ____ megaspores that are released to the environment when the mature megasporangium opens.

A) mitosis; two
B) meiosis; two
C) meiosis; four
D) meiosis; eight
E) mitosis; four

Question 13

By 250 mya, the seed plants called ____ were our planet's dominant flora.

A) hepatophytes
B) lycophytes
C) bryophytes
D) angiosperms
E) gymnosperms

Question 14

The Mesozoic era was not only the age of the dinosaurs, but also the age of the ____ because they were the most dominant plants of that time.

A) progymnosperms
B) gymnosperms
C) angiosperms
D) eudicots
E) monocots

Question 15

After pollination delivers sperm to an ovule and the egg is fertilized, the ovule develops into a ____ and the integument becomes the ____.

A) seed; micropyle
B) seed; seed coat
C) micropyle; seed
D) micropyle; seed coat
E) seed coat; seed

Question 16

In seed plants, the transfer of immature male gametophytes to female reproductive parts is a process called ____.

A) meiosis
B) pollination
C) fertilization
D) mitosis
E) sporulation

Question 17

In living seed plants, a megasporangium and its integument together form a(n) ____.

A) seed
B) pollen grain
C) ovary
D) mature ovule
E) immature ovule

Question 18

An embryo sporophyte surrounded by nutritive tissue and a tough, protective outer coating makes up a(n) ____.

A) pollen grain
B) spore
C) ovule
D) seed
E) strobilus

Question 19

Which group of plants has the smallest gametophytes?

A) gymnosperms
B) angiosperms
C) progymnosperms
D) seedless vascular plants
E) seedless nonvascular plants

Question 20

In seed plants, meiosis produces ____ megaspores, however ____ leaving a single functional megaspore to produce a ____ gametophyte.

A) four; three disintegrate; male
B) four; three disintegrate; female
C) eight; seven disintegrate; female
D) two; one disintegrates; male
E) two; one disintegrates; female

Question 21

The ____ are the only land plants make true flowers and fruits.

A) bryophytes
B) seedless vascular plants
C) gymnosperms
D) angiosperms
E) gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 22

In pine trees, megaspores develop within a(n) ____.

A) sporopollenin
B) ovule
C) seed
D) pollen tube
E) pollen grain

Question 23

The cycad lineage probably arose from ____.

A) club mosses
B) seed ferns
C) whisk ferns
D) ginkgos
E) palms

Question 24

The ____ phylum contains one living vascular, seed-bearing plant species - a deciduous tree with fan-shaped leaves. It has separate male and female plants, and the males are often planted in cities because of their resistance to pollution, insects, and disease.

A) Cycadophyta
B) Anthophyta
C) Gnetophyta
D) Coniferophyta
E) Ginkgophyta

Question 25

In the pine life cycle, microspores are produced in ____ and develop into ____.

A) microsporangia of pollen cones; pollen
B) microsporangia of ovulate cones; ovules
C) microsporangia of pollen cones; megaspores
D) microsporangia of pollen cones; zygotes
E) megasporangia of ovulate cones; eggs

Question 26

About 80% of all living gymnosperm species belong to the phylum ____.

A) Anthophyta
B) Cycadophyta
C) Ginkgophyta
D) Gnetophyta
E) Coniferophyta

Question 27

In pines, the mature male gametophyte is called the ____.

A) flagellated sperm
B) pollen cone
C) pollen tube
D) pollen grain
E) pollination drop

Question 28

The oldest well-documented flowering plant fossils date to about ____ years ago.

A) 1.5 billion
B) 420 million
C) 125 million
D) 250 million
E) 17 million

Question 29

Which trait is a characteristic of most monocots?

A) four or five floral parts, or multiples of four or five
B) three furrows with pores on pollen grain
C) vascular bundles organized as a ring in ground tissue
D) branching fibrous root system
E) two seed leaves of embryo inside the seed

Question 30

One of the two main angiosperm clades, the ____, has about 60,000 species that are characterized by a single cotyledon and pollen grains with one groove; additionally, most have parallel-veined leaves.

A) eudicots
B) laurels
C) monocots
D) water lilies
E) magnoliids

Question 31

The "naked" seeds of conifers develop ____.

A) on scales of the ovulate cones
B) on scales of pollen cones
C) in microsporangia of pollen cones
D) in archegonia of ovulate cones
E) in antheridia of pollen cones

Question 32

The ____ phylum consists of vascular, seed-bearing plants, including pines, spruces, firs, hemlocks, junipers, cypresses, and redwoods. Most of them are evergreens that form woody reproductive cones.

A) Cycadophyta
B) Anthophyta
C) Gnetophyta
D) Coniferophyta
E) Ginkgophyta

Question 33

Various cycad tissues produce ____, which may help deter predatory insects.

A) turpentine
B) histamines
C) salicylic acid
D) alkaloids
E) pheromones

Question 34

Pollination in most cycads usually occurs when ____ transfer pollen from male plants to the developing gametophyte on female plants.

A) beetles
B) mosquitoes
C) honeybees
D) butterflies
E) ants

Question 35

The ____ phylum has an estimated 350,000 known living species of vascular, seed-bearing plants, and is the dominant group of land plants today.

A) Cycadophyta
B) Anthophyta
C) Gnetophyta
D) Coniferophyta
E) Ginkgophyta

Question 36

In the pine life cycle, the processes of pollination, fertilization, and seed formation typically take ____ to complete.

A) a few days
B) a few weeks
C) a few months
D) one year to five years
E) six months to two years

Question 37

The ____ phylum has about 550 known living species of vascular, seed-bearing plants, the most among gymnosperms. Many of them have needlelike leaves with thick cuticles and sunken stomata, and are thus adapted to dry conditions.

A) Cycadophyta
B) Anthophyta
C) Gnetophyta
D) Coniferophyta
E) Ginkgophyta

Question 38

Two of the oldest flowering plant fossils are known to belong to the genus ____, and are thought to have lived during the early ____ period.

A) Archaefructus ; Cretaceous
B) Archaefructus ; Carboniferous
C) Amborella; Cretaceous
D) Amborella ; Carboniferous
E) Eucalyptus ; Cretaceous

Question 39

The ____ phylum has only about 70 living species of vascular, seed-bearing plants in three genera, including Welwitschia and Ephedra . Some species have a two-step fertilization process, similar to fertilization in angiosperms.

A) Cycadophyta
B) Anthophyta
C) Gnetophyta
D) Coniferophyta
E) Ginkgophyta

Question 40

One of the two main angiosperm clades, the ____ has about 200,000 species. All members of this group have pollen grains with three grooves, and most have two cotyledons and net-veined leaves.

A) eudicots
B) laurels
C) monocots
D) water lilies
E) magnoliids

Question 41

The immature male gametophytes of angiosperms develop in ____ contained within ____.

A) ovaries; carpels
B) anthers; stigmas
C) pollen grains; carpels
D) pollen sacs; anthers
E) stigmas; stamens

Question 42

The showy leaflike parts of flowers with distinctive colors, patterns, and shapes that help attract pollinators are known as ____.

A) sepals
B) petals
C) stamens
D) filaments
E) carpels

Question 43

If you see a red flower with very little odor, it is likely pollinated by ____.

A) flies
B) birds
C) bats or moths
D) butterflies
E) bees

Question 44

Which floral structure is a female reproductive part?

A) anther
B) pollen sac
C) stigma
D) stamen
E) filament

Question 45

In angiosperms, double fertilization produces a trinucleate cell that gives rise to a ____ endosperm and a ____ embryo.

A) haploid; triploid
B) triploid; haploid
C) triploid; diploid
D) diploid; triploid
E) diploid; haploid

Question 46

Which group of plants best represents the sister clade to angiosperms?

A) Amborella
B) Nymphaeales
C) gymnosperms
D) bryophytes
E) charophytes

Question 47

Which taxon is not a member of the basal angiosperm group?

A) Ginkgo biloba
B) Nymphaeales
C) Austrobaileyales
D) Amborella trichopoda
E) Magnoliales

Question 48

Based on morphology and gene sequencing data, it appears that the closest living relative of the first flowering plants is ____.

A) Magnolia grandiflora
B) Illicium floridanum
C) Nelumbo nucifera
D) Archaefructus sinensis
E) Amborella trichopoda

Question 49

Situated in the center of the flower, the structure in which female gametophytes form is called the ____.

A) petal
B) carpel
C) stamen
D) anther
E) sepal

Question 50

Which trait is a characteristic of most eudicots?

A) four or five floral parts, or multiples of four or five
B) three furrows with pores on pollen grain
C) vascular bundles organized as a ring in ground tissue
D) branching fibrous root system
E) two seed leaves of embryo inside the seed

Question 51

When mature, the ovary is referred to as a(n) ____ that encloses the angiosperm seed.

A) ovule
B) endosperm
C) fruit
D) carpel
E) inflorescence

Question 52

Which floral structure is considered a male reproductive organ?

A) carpel
B) petal
C) stigma
D) style
E) stamen

Question 53

One advantage of angiosperm seeds is the presence of seed ____, a nutritive tissue produced during fertilization that nourishes the developing embryo.

A) a coat
B) endosperm
C) ovule
D) pollen sac
E) ovary

Question 54

If you see a yellow flower with "nectar guide" stripes and a strong, sweet odor, it is likely pollinated by ____.

A) flies
B) birds
C) bats or moths
D) butterflies
E) bees

Question 55

Which structure is not a component of a carpel?

A) anther
B) stigma
C) style
D) ovary
E) ovule

Question 56

Most of the creamy flesh of a corn kernel is ____ tissue.

A) pollen
B) endosperm
C) ovary
D) carpel
E) ovulec

Question 57

The evolution of the ovule allowed seed plants to ____.

A) coevolve with animal pollinators
B) develop vascular tissue
C) occupy freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats
D) protect the small gametophyte
E) rely on spores for reproduction

Question 58

In the life cycle of a flowering plant, a single megaspore undergoes cytokinesis producing a female gametophyte that consists of ____ cells.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) seven
E) eight

Question 59

Many angiosperm species ____ animal pollinators.

A) compete with
B) are poisonous to
C) deter
D) coevolved with
E) avoid

Question 60

The largest basal angiosperm group, ____, includes avocados and plants that are the sources of spices.

A) Nymphaeales
B) Austrobaileyales
C) Magnoliales
D) Chloranthales
E) Amborella

Question 62

Which plant family provides the majority of calories that humans consume?

A) potato family (Solanaceae)
B) euphorb family (Euphorbiaceae)
C) pea family (Fabaceae)
D) grass family (Poaceae)
E) rose family (Rosaceae)

Question 67

Grasses, palms, and orchids are examples of eudicots.

Question 68

Which plant family includes cereal grains, such as wheat, corn, rice, and oats?

A) grass family (Poaceae)
B) pea family (Fabaceae)
C) potato family (Solanaceae)
D) rose family (Rosaceae)
E) euphorb family (Euphorbiaceae)

Question 69

To date, ____ plant genomes have been partially or fully sequenced, which will open new doors for research.

A) five
B) ten
C) several dozen
D) several hundred
E) several thousand

Question 70

The original source of salicylic acid, the pain-relieving substance in aspirin, was ____.

A) resin from conifers
B) leaves from bamboo
C) bark from willow trees
D) fibers from flax plants
E) seeds from yew trees

Question 71

To study the genome of the loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, researchers obtained DNA from ____ cells, thereby halving the amount of DNA for initial sequencing.

A) haploid
B) diploid
C) triploid
D) polyploid
E) hexaploid

Question 72

Apples, peaches, cherries, strawberries, and many other fruits all belong to the ____ family.

A) grass
B) rose
C) potato
D) euphorb
E) pea

Question 73

Support the argument that species in the grass family, Poaceae, are the most important seed plants today.

Question 74

Phytochromes are pigment proteins that allow plants to detect light.

Question 75

Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of genes coding for phytochrome pigments suggest that the ancestors of angiosperms were adapted for survival in ____.

A) freshwater aquatic environments
B) sunny, xeric habitats
C) shady forests
D) habitats with very cold winters
E) coastal marine waters

Question 76

Conifers are estimated to have genomes ranging from 18 to 35 ____ base pairs, whereas the human genome has approximately 3.3 billion base pairs.

A) hundred
B) thousand
C) million
D) billion
E) trillion

Question 77

The world's oldest continuously standing tree is a giant sequoia.

Question 78

Angiosperms that originated as hybrids resulting from a cross between two closely related species are known as ____.

A) paleopolyploids
B) autopolyploids
C) allopolyploids
D) hexapolyploids
E) tetrapolyploids

Question 79

Today, wild ginkgo trees are found only in warm-temperate forests of central China.

Question 80

Which genetic mechanism is most likely responsible for the evolutionary origin of new and complex plant structures, such as flowers?

A) gene duplication
B) asexual reproduction
C) genes coding for flower development
D) mutations in noncoding regions
E) gene splicing