Deck 9: Energy and Chemistry

Question 1

In the context of the second law of thermodynamics, one can say that :

A)it is impossible to completely convert heat to work.
B)every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
C)fire can never burn to completion.
D)force is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration.

Answer 1

it is impossible to completely convert heat to work.

Question 2

A proton accelerated to a velocity of 3.81 × 10 ³ m\s will have more energy than an electron accelerated to the same velocity .

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When you drive your car, your location is a state function, but the distance that you have traveled to get there is not .
​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by 1 ° C is the _____ of that material.

A)electron affinity
B)specific heat capacity
C)molar heat capacity
D)calorimetric constant

Question 5

As the velocity of a moving object doubles, the kinetic energy of the object doubles .

Question 6

The complicated multi-part system designed to balance the demand for electricity with its production is referred to as the electrical grid.

Question 7

In the context of chemical reactions, bond formation is always _____.

A)exothermic
B)endothermic
C)eutectic
D)eutectoid

Question 8

Thermochemistry is the study of the energetic consequences of chemistry.

Question 9

All energy flow is either heat or work.

Question 10

In the United States of America, the largest component of energy use in the year 2016 was _____.

A)residential
B)commercial
C)industrial
D)transportation

Question 11

The study of chemical energy and the transfer of this energy provide a crucial link between chemistry and engineering.

Question 12

Stored energy or energy due to position is known as _____.

A)kinetic energy
B)thermal energy
C)electrical energy
D)potential energy

Question 13

The United States relies upon crude oil and related petroleum products as its primary energy source.

Question 14

Thermal energy is directly related to the motion of atoms and molecules.

Question 15

_____ is the transfer of energy accomplished by a force moving a mass some distance against resistance .

A)Heat
B)Momentum
C)Work
D)Power

Question 16

A state function is a variable whose value depends only on the current state of the system.

Question 17

What term is used to most accurately describe the energy flow from a warm object to a cooler one?

A)Heat
B)Work
C)Cascade
D)Acceleration

Question 18

A chemical reaction that transfers heat from the system (the reaction)to the surroundings is always _____.

A)exothermic
B)endothermic
C)spontaneous
D)electrically charged

Question 19

The molecular formula of octane is _____.

A)C₂H₆
B)C₆H₁₄
C)C ₈ H ₁₈
D)C₉H₂₀

Question 20

Power stations, which use fossil fuels to produce electrical energy, rely upon _____.

A)endothermic chemical reactions
B)nuclear fusion reactions
C)exothermic chemical reactions
D)nuclear fission reactions

Question 21

Under constant volume conditions, the change in internal energy equals the _____.

A)entropy
B)insulation capacity
C)transduction
D)heat flow

Question 22

Deposition refers to the phase transition from _____.

A)liquid to gas
B)gas to liquid
C)gas to solid
D)solid to gas

Question 23

What amount of heat is required to convert a 1.5 kg block of ice at − 15.0 ° C to steam at 150.0 ° C? Assume the specific heat of water to be 4.18 J\g ° C, specific heat of ice to be 2.108 J\g ° C, specific heat of steam to be 1.996 J\g ° C, Δ H _fus = 333.55 J\g, and Δ H _vap = 2.26 kJ\g.

A)94.1 kJ
B)1,035 kJ
C)6,371 kJ
D)4,711 kJ

Question 24

During the phase change from liquid water to gaseous water (steam), the temperature of the water _____.

A)increases proportional to the volume of the water
B)remains the same
C)decreases
D)increases proportional to the mass of the water

Question 25

The formation reaction for NaF( s )is _____.

A)Na( s )+ F( g )→ NaF( s )
B)2 Na( s )+ F ₂ ( g )→ 2 NaF( s )
C)Na( s )+ F ₂ ( g )→ NaF( s )
D)2Na( s )+ 2F( s )→ 2NaF( s )

Question 26

If a 136.51 g Al rod (c = 0.900 J\g ° C)is at 100.0 ° C and placed into 250.0 g of water at 21.8 ° C, what is the temperature of the system (rod + water)at equilibrium assuming no losses to the surroundings? Assume the specific heat of water to be 4.18 J\g ° C.

A)18 ° C
B)206 ° C
C)30 ° C
D)46 ° C

Question 27

What are the primary products in the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A)H₂and O₂
B)C and H₂
C)H₂O and CO₂
D)CO and H₂O

Question 28

What is the kinetic energy of a single He atom traveling at 2.0 × 10⁴m\s?

A)1.3 × 10 ^{− 18} J
B)6.4 × 10 ^{− 18}  J
C)2.6 × 10 ^{− 18} J
D)7.7 × 10 ^{− 1 8} J

Question 29

The synthesis of ammonia via the Haber reaction follows the balanced equation: ​
3 H₂( g )+ N₂( g )→ 2 NH₃( g )Δ H = − 99.22 kJ
​
How much heat is created from the synthesis of 7.38 metric tons (1 metric ton = 1000 kg)of ammonia?

A)− 8.37 × 10⁷kJ
B)− 4.43 × 10⁸kJ
C)− 1.95 × 10⁶kJ
D)− 2.15 × 10⁷kJ

Question 30

The heat required to melt a substance is the _____.

A)specific heat capacity
B)heat of vaporization
C)heat of condensation
D)heat of fusion

Question 31

An iron piston in a compressor has a mass of 3.62 kg. If the specific heat of iron is 0.449 J\g ° C, how much heat is required to raise the temperature of the piston from 12.0 ° C to 111.0 ° C?

A)1.61 × 10²J
B)7.08 × 10⁸J
C)1.61 × 10⁵J
D)4.35 × 10⁵J

Question 32

The chemical reaction by which one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states is best described as a(n)_____.

A)aldol condensation reaction
B)formation reaction
C)thermodynamic equivalent
D)addition reaction

Question 33

The formation reaction for carbon monoxide is _____.

A)C( s )+ O( g )→ CO( g )
B)2C( s )+ O₂( g )→ 2 CO( g )
C)CO( g )→ C( s )+ O₂( g )
D)C( s )+ O₂( g )→ CO( g )

Question 34

What is the kinetic energy of a 22,500 lb truck traveling at 55 mi\hr?

A)6.2 × 10⁶J
B)3.1 × 10³J
C)6.2 × 10⁸J
D)3.1 × 10⁶J

Question 35

Given the following heat of formation values, calculate the heat of reaction for:
Na( s )+ Cl ₂ ( g )→ NaCl( s ).
Δ H _f value in kJ\mol for Na( s )is 0, for Na( g )is 108.7, for Cl ₂ ( g )is 0, and for NaCl( s )is − 411.0.

A)− 411.0 kJ
B)+411.0 kJ
C)− 302.3 kJ
D)+519.7 kJ

Question 36

If a lighter contains 4.0 mL of liquid butane (density of butane = 0.8 g\cm ³ ), how much potential energy does the lighter contain according to the combustion of butane?
2 C ₄ H ₁₀ ( g )+ 13 O ₂ ( g )→ 8 CO ₂ ( g )+ 10 H ₂ O( l )Δ H = − 5.75 × 10 ³ kJ

A)− 5 × 10²kJ
B)− 1.6 × 10 ² kJ
C)− 8 × 10²kJ
D)+4.8 × 10³kJ

Question 37

Given the following heat of formation values, calculate the heat of reaction for the following:
C ₃ H ₈ ( g )+ O ₂ ( g )→ CO ₂ ( g )+ H ₂ O( l ).
Δ H _f value in kJ\mol for C ₃ H ₈ ( g )is − 103.8, for O ₂ ( g )is 0, for CO ₂ ( g )is − 393.5, and for H ₂ O( l )is − 285.8.

A)3.613 × 10²kJ
B)− 5.755 × 10²kJ
C)1.413 × 10²kJ
D)− 2.220 × 10³kJ

Question 38

How much energy is required to increase the temperature of 175 mL of water from 18.5 ° C to 85.0 ° C? Assume the specific heat of water to be 4.18 J\g ° C.

A)821,000 J
B)48.6 kJ
C)52.8 kJ
D)48,645 J

Question 39

A new alloy is designed for use in a car radiator. If the 17.6 kg radiator required 8.69 × 10⁵J of heat to warm from 22.1 ° C to 155.8 ° C, what is the specific heat of the new alloy?

A)0.369 J\g ° C
B)8.27 J\g ° C
C)0.00491 J\g ° C
D)1.70 J\g ° C

Question 40

A hungry engineering student reaches for his favorite granola bar while working on a statics assignment. If the granola bar contains 240 "calories" (1 food calorie = 1kcal), how much energy (in joules)will the student receive from the bar?

A)3.1 × 10³J
B)1.0 × 10⁶J
C)1.0 × 10³J
D)2.6 × 10⁶J

Question 41

The specific heat is a physical property of a material that measures how much heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of that material by 1°C.

Question 42

Chemical bond breaking is always endothermic.

Question 43

A calorimeter is used to compare the energy content of some fuels. During the calibration of the calorimeter, an electrical resistance heater supplies 120 J of heat and a temperature increase of 0.920°C is observed. Then, 0.3 g of a particular fuel is burned in this same calorimeter, and the temperature increases by 6.15°C. What is the amount of energy liberated per gram of fuel burned?

A)2.7 kJ\g
B)3.2 kJ\g
C)4.1 kJ\g
D)5.7 kJ\g

Question 44

Potential energy of a moving body is directly proportional to its velocity.

Question 45

The following reaction can be characterized as a(n)_____.
CH ₄ ( g )+ 2 O ₂ ( g )→ CO ₂ ( g )+ 2 H ₂ O( l ) Δ H = − 890.4 kJ

A)endothermic reaction
B)exothermic reaction
C)reduction reaction
D)displacement reaction