Deck 9: Energy for Today

Question 1

The amount of energy required to raise 1 gram of water by 1^oC is known as ____.

A)quad
B)Calorie
C)watt
D)calorie
E)joule

Answer 1

calorie

Question 2

The capacity for doing work is known as ____.

A)heat
B)thermodynamics
C)energy
D)enthalpy
E)entropy

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

Which of these is not a unit for measuring energy?

A)Kelvin
B)Power
C)Quad
D)Calorie
E)Joule

Answer 3

Kelvin

Question 4

Which of these does not involve an increase in entropy?

A)Burning log
B)Freezing water
C)Erosion
D)Melting aluminum
E)Helium escaping from a balloon

Question 5

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred is known as the ____.

A)1^st law of thermodynamics
B)2^nd law of thermodynamics
C)3^rd law of thermodynamics
D)law of heat conservation
E)law of entropy conservation

Question 6

Which of these processes will result in a net decrease in entropy?

A)Evaporation of bromine.
B)Freezing of ethyl alcohol.
C)Combustion of natural gas.
D)Explosion of ammonium nitrate.
E)Dissolving sodium chloride and pure water.

Question 7

In thermodynamics, the substance we are studying is called the ____ and everything else is referred to as the ____.

A)inlet, outlet
B)system, enthalpy
C)state, surroundings
D)system, environment
E)system, surroundings

Question 8

Which of these does not involve an increase in the random motion of a system?

A)Burning log
B)Freezing water
C)Exploding bomb
D)Hot skillet
E)Helium escaping from a balloon

Question 9

Which of these involves a net decrease in entropy?
I. Condensation of steam
II. Freezing of methanol
III. Evaporation of ethanol
IV. Extraction of salts from seawater

A)III only
B)I and II
C)II and III
D)I, II, and IV
E)I, II, III, and IV

Question 10

A force which acts through a distance is known as ____.

A)heat
B)work
C)energy
D)enthalpy
E)entropy

Question 11

Which of these does not involve a decrease in the random motion of a system?

A)Burning log
B)Freezing methanol
C)Filtering sugar from tea
D)Condensing water
E)Refrigeration  of water

Question 12

Which of these involves a net increase in entropy?
I. Condensation of steam
II. Freezing of methanol
III. Evaporation of ethanol
IV. Extraction of salts from seawater

A)III only
B)I and II
C)II and III
D)I, II, and IV
E)I, II, III, and IV

Question 13

Which of these statements concerning the 1^st law of thermodynamics is incorrect ?

A)Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
B)A perpetual motion machine can not exist.
C)The total energy of the universe is constant.
D)Chemical energy can be converted to thermal energy.
E)Energy cannot be converted from one form to the other .

Question 14

How many calories are there in 3.76 joules?

A)0.899 calories
B)1.11 calories
C)15.7 calories
D)90 calories
E)1.6 × 10⁵ calories

Question 15

Which of these statements about work is incorrect ?

A)Work is moving atoms in an orderly fashion.
B)Work is a force exerted  over some distance.
C)Any object possessing energy can perform work.
D)Work is dependent upon the amount of energy available.
E)All of these statements are correct.

Question 16

Which nation leads the world in energy consumption per capita?

A)Russia
B)United States
C)Canada
D)Germany
E)Nigeria

Question 17

Which of these units of energy is typically used for nutritional measurements?

A)Quad
B)Calorie
C)Watt
D)calorie
E)Joule

Question 18

Using energy to move atoms in a nonrandom orderly fashion is known as ____.

A)heat
B)thermodynamics
C)enthalpy
D)work
E)entropy

Question 19

Which of these units is used for reporting the amount of energy consumed by a nation?

A)Watt
B)Calorie
C)Quad
D)calorie
E)Joule

Question 20

Which of these statements is incorrect of heat ?

A)Heat is essentially energy.
B)Entropy is another name for heat.
C)Heat is random molecular motion.
D)Heat is measured in units of joules.
E)Heat involves the transfer of energy from a warmer body to a cooler one.

Question 21

The combustion of 5.00 g of C₂H₆(g), at constant pressure, releases 259 kJ of heat. Find Δ H for the reaction in kJ\g.
2 C₂H₆(g)+ 7 O₂(g)→ 4 CO₂(g)+ 6 H₂O (l)

A)− 51.8 kJ\g
B)− 1295 kJ\g
C)− 1550 kJ\g
D)− 1667 kJ\g
E)− 3110 kJ\g

Question 22

How many joules of heat are produced from the burning of methane releasing 125 kJ heat?

A)0.125 J
B)1.25 J
C)12.5 J
D)125 J
E)125,000 J

Question 23

The freezing point of methane is − 295 ° F and the boiling point is − 263 ° F. The temperature of the surface of Titan, a moon of Saturn, is 93 K. If methane exists on Titan, it is

A)a gas.
B)a solid.
C)a liquid.
D)a plasma.
E)none of these.

Question 24

How many kilowatt-hours is generated  when burning 0.562 g of graphite produces 18.0 kJ of heat?

A)5 × 10 ^{− 6} kWh
B)5 × 10 ^{− 5} kWh
C)5 × 10 ^{− 4} kWh
D)5 × 10 ^{− 3} kWh
E)5 × 10³ kWh

Question 25

How many kilowatt-hours is generated when burning 2.5 g of methane produces 125 kJ of heat?

A)3.5 × 10² kWh
B)3.5 × 10 ^{− 1} kWh
C)3.5 × 10 ^{− 2} kWh
D)3.5 × 10 ^{− 3} kWh
E)3.5 × 10 ^{− 4} kWh

Question 26

Which temperature equality is correct?

A)0 K = 273^oC
B)0 K = − 273^oC
C)0 K = 273^oF
D)0 K = − 273^oF

Question 27

Which of these is a correct unit for measuring energy?
I. Joule
II. Quad
III. KWh
IV. Ampere

A)I only
B)II and IV
C)II, III, and IV
D)I, II, and III
E)I, III, and IV

Question 28

The rate of energy output or input is known as ____.

A)heat
B)work
C)power
D)enthalpy
E)entropy

Question 29

The amount of heat necessary to change a given amount of a substance by 1 ° C is known as ____.

A)heat
B)energy
C)entropy
D)heat capacity
E)work

Question 30

Which of these statements is incorrect of exothermic reactions?

A)Exothermic reactions have a negative change in enthalpy.
B)Most combustion reactions are exothermic reactions.
C)Exothermic reactions release energy to the surroundings.
D)A cold pack is a good example of an exothermic reaction.
E)All fuels exhibit exothermic properties.

Question 31

How many joules of heat must be added to melt a 75 gram block iron if it required 12.2 Calories?

A)0.0509 J
B)2.92 J
C)342 J
D)2.92 × 10³ J
E)5.11 × 10⁴ J

Question 32

How many joules of energy are in a candy bar reading 250. Calories?

A)1.05 J
B)59.8 J
C)1045 J
D)5.98 × 10⁴ J
E)1.05 × 10⁶ J

Question 33

How many Calories are released from a burning nut which releases 15,600 J of heat?

A)3.73 Cal
B)15.6 J
C)65.2 Cal
D)269 Cal
E)3.7 × 10³ Cal

Question 34

Which of these is\are the  correct unit(s)for measuring power?
I. Joule
II. J\s
III. KWh
IV. Watt

A)I only
B)II and IV
C)II, III, and IV
D)I and III
E)III and IV

Question 35

How many joules of heat could be produced from a 170. Calorie package of crackers?

A)7.10 × 10³ J
B)4.07 × 10⁴ J
C)41.0 J
D)24.6 J
E)0.0246 J

Question 36

The normal body temperature is 98.6 ° F. What is the temperature in Kelvin?

A)23 K
B)37 K
C)119 K
D)177 K
E)310. K

Question 37

What is the melting temperature in Kelvin if gold melts at 1063 ° C?

A)300 K
B)572 K
C)790 K
D)1336 K
E)1945 K

Question 38

The normal body temperature is 98.6 ° F. What is the temperature in ° C?

A)23.0 ° C
B)37.0 ° C
C)119 ° C
D)177 ° C
E)372 ° C

Question 39

Ethanol boils at a temperature of 78.5 ° C. What is the boiling point in ° F?

A)46 ° F
B)109 ° F
C)173 ° F
D)194 ° F
E)372 ° F

Question 40

The Voyager space probe determined that Titan, a moon of Saturn, had a temperature of 93.0 K. What is the temperature in ° F?

A)− 292 ° F
B)− 180 ° F
C)− 109 ° F
D)− 87 ° F
E)− 68 ° F

Question 41

Which of the following is incorrect regarding photosynthesis?

A)Carbon dioxide is a reactant.
B)Oxygen is a product.
C)The process is exothermic.
D)Water is a reactant.

Question 42

What is the coefficient in front of O₂ when the equation is balanced?
__C₈H₁₈ + __O₂ → __CO₂ + __H₂O

A)30
B)32
C)34
D)25
E)9

Question 43

Which of these items is not in some way reduced by the use of catalytic converters in the combustion of gasoline?

A)CO₂
B)photochemical smog
C)CO
D)NO
E)partially burned hydrocarbons

Question 44

Which of these compounds can bind to hemoglobin in place of oxygen, causing the heart and respiratory systems to work harder?

A)CO
B)CO₂
C)NO
D)NO₂
E)H₂O

Question 45

How many kJ of heat are released when 54.9 grams of manganese is burned forming Mn₃O₄(s). The Δ H for the reaction is − 25.3 kJ\g.

A)2.17 kJ
B)54.9 kJ
C)462 kJ
D)924 kJ
E)1389 kJ

Question 46

Photosynthesis:

A)requires energy and is therefore exothermic.
B)requires energy and is therefore endothermic.
C)releases energy and is therefore exothermic.
D)releases energy and is therefore endothermic.
E)does not involve a change in energy.

Question 47

What is the coefficient in front of water when the equation is balanced?
__C₅H₁₂ + __O₂ → __CO₂ + __H₂O

A)2
B)6
C)10
D)12
E)16

Question 48

What percent of the energy use in the United States comes from fossil fuels?

A)25%
B)45%
C)65%
D)82%
E)95%

Question 49

A reaction which absorbs heat from the surroundings is known as a(n)____.

A)heat capacity
B)exothermic reaction
C)endothermic reaction
D)enthalpy reaction
E)combustion reaction

Question 50

If the chemical reaction A + B → C is exothermic, then which of the following is true?

A)C → A + B is exothermic.
B)C → A + B is endothermic.
C)C must be a gas.
D)C cannot be a gas.
E)More than one answer is correct.

Question 51

Which of these is an example of an exothermic system?
I. Nuclear fission
II. Evaporation of alcohol
III. Burning of gasoline

A)I only
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I and II
E)I, II, and III

Question 52

Which of these compounds is primarily responsible for the brown color of smog?

A)CO
B)CO₂
C)NO₂
D)O₃
E)NO

Question 53

Which of these statements about fossil fuels is incorrect ?

A)Fossil fuels are highly energetic.
B)Fossil fuels are primarily hydrocarbons.
C)The energy of fossil fuels is released by combustion reactions.
D)The energy within fossil fuels ultimately came from photosynthesis.
E)The energy of fossil fuels was formed as a result of exothermic reactions in prehistoric plants.

Question 54

What is the coefficient in front of oxygen when the equation is balanced?
__CH₃OH + __O₂ → __CO₂ + __H₂O

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)6

Question 55

Which of these is an example of an endothermic system?
I. A cold pack
II. Evaporation of alcohol
III. Burning of gasoline

A)I only
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I and II
E)I, II, and III

Question 56

Which of the following does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

A)forest fires
B)breathing
C)photosynthesis
D)driving a car

Question 57

Which of these compounds can combine with moisture in the air resulting in the formation acid rain?

A)CO
B)PAN
C)NO₂
D)O₃
E)CO₂

Question 58

Which of these compounds is not produced during the combustion of fossil fuels?

A)CO
B)CO₂
C)NO
D)O₂
E)H₂O

Question 59

Which fossil fuel contains the most sulfur?

A)Natural gas
B)Oil
C)Coal
D)They all contain about the same amount of sulfur.
E)None of them contain sulfur.

Question 60

Which of these is the single largest source of electrical power in the United States?

A)coal
B)nuclear
C)natural gas
D)petroleum
E)hydropower

Question 61

Which of these is the most significant greenhouse gas?

A)SO₂
B)CO₂
C)NO₂
D)NO
E)O₃

Question 62

Which of these is not an environmental problem produced by the burning of fossil fuels?

A)Formation of smog.
B)Formation of acid rain.
C)Elevated levels of NO.
D)Elevated levels of CO.
E)Elevated flooding of rivers.

Question 63

Which of these statements about acid rain is incorrect ?

A)Acid rain accelerates the rusting process.
B)Acid rain contributes to reduced visibility in some areas.
C)The formation of highly reactive H ⁻ ions makes the rain acidic.
D)Acid rain is formed when SO₂ or NO_x compounds react with water.
E)All of these are correct statements about acid rain.

Question 64

Which of these is important in the formation of acid rain?

A)SO₂
B)H₂O
C)NO₂
D)NO
E)All of the above

Question 65

Which of these is not a problem attributed to acid rain?

A)accelerated rusting
B)building damage
C)landmark destruction
D)decreased visibility
E)greenhouse effect

Question 66

Which of these is attributed to cause the phenomena known as global warming?

A)acid rain
B)catalytic conversion
C)fission
D)greenhouse effect
E)heat capacity

Question 67

What is the name given to the plan to reduce international greenhouse gas emissions?

A)Geneva Accord
B)Climate Law
C)Kyoto Protocol
D)Hiroshima Plan
E)none of the above