Deck 14: Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Question 1

A nutrition intervention that involves food or nutrient delivery to the patient would most likely involve:

A) providing nutrition-related instruction.
B) determining the need for feeding assistance.
C) motivating the patient to achieve goals.
D) solving problems that interfere with the nutrition care plan.
E) arranging transfer of nutrition care to another professional.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A ground/minced diet is useful for patients with chewing problems.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The adverse effects of herbs are required to be listed on supplement labels.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

When nutrition and lifestyle changes are necessary, typically only one consultation is required to formulate a care plan that takes into account a person's current food practices and degree of motivation.

Question 5

The effects of grapefruit juice last for short periods, so the interaction between it and medication can be avoided when a patient waits several hours after taking medication to drink grapefruit juice.

Question 6

Impaired swallowing indicates the need for a:

A) mechanically altered diet.
B) low-sodium diet.
C) fat-restricted diet.
D) low-fiber diet.
E) clear liquid diet.

Question 7

Most foods that are included in a fat-restricted diet provide less than 5 grams of fat per serving.

Question 8

There are no known interactions between herbal supplements and medications.

Question 9

Using the Harris-Benedict equation for women (below), estimate the resting metabolic rate of Mrs. Clements, who is 72 years old, is 157 cm tall, and weighs 53 kg. RMR = 655.1 + [9.563 x  weight (kg)] + [1.85  x  height (cm)] - [4.676  x  age (years)]

A) 662 kcal
B) 1116 kcal
C) 1436 kcal
D) 1789 kcal
E) 2208 kcal

Question 10

For optimal results, the health care professional should monitor the patient's progress and periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the nutrition care plan.

Question 11

Medications can cause nutrient malabsorption when they damage the intestinal mucosa or upset gastrointestinal function.

Question 12

For patients on medication, nutrition intervention includes advice on managing nutrient-related medication problems.

Question 13

One of the characteristics of modified diets is:

A) they are not included in a diet manual.
B) they are always the same regardless of patient preferences.
C) they are altered in consistency or nutrient content.
D) they include all foods.
E) they typically have fewer calories than regular diets.

Question 14

Drug complications that reduce food intake are significant only when they continue for a long period.

Question 15

A high kcalorie, high protein diet often includes foods that are high in fat to increase energy intake.

Question 16

Nutrition education or counseling is typically provided by the:

A) registered nurse.
B) nursing assistant.
C) registered dietitian.
D) dietetic technician.
E) physician.

Question 17

Standard hospital diets provide all the nutrients in amounts appropriate for healthy people but exclude many foods.

Question 18

Once nutrition problems have been diagnosed, the nurse identifies expected outcomes to correct the problems.

Question 19

Most hospitals choose not to offer selective menus as a way to simplify operations and cut costs.

Question 20

To improve food intakes among hospitalized patients, health professionals should ensure that the patient's room is stimulating for the patient, with access to television and sounds from the hallway or surrounding areas.

Question 21

If a patient requires a clear liquid diet for more than one or two days:

A) blenderized liquid foods should be added to the diet.
B) the patient should be started on a tube feeding.
C) a greater variety of clear liquid foods should be added to the meal tray.
D) the diet should be supplemented with a low-residue commercial formula.
E) the patient should receive supplemental parenteral nutrition.

Question 22

Medications that reduce stomach acid may impair the absorption of:

A) vitamin C.
B) vitamin B_12.
C) glucose.
D) calcium.
E) vitamin K.

Question 23

An advantage of selective menus in hospitals is that they:

A) are more nutritious.
B) simplify food production and preparation of foods .
C) enable patients to become familiar with their special diets.
D) result in lower food costs to the hospital.
E) are easier to coordinate.

Question 24

A patient with disease of the liver or gallbladder may benefit from a:

A) low-sodium diet.
B) high-kcalorie, high-protein diet.
C) fat-restricted diet.
D) blenderized liquid diet.
E) low-fiber diet.

Question 25

Mrs. Carter is a hospitalized patient who is recovering from a pelvic surgery she underwent three days ago. She is a widow and has had no visitors during her stay. Although the patient has progressed to a regular diet, the staff have noticed that Mrs. Carter picks at her food and barely eats anything on her meal trays. The most likely reason for this behavior is:

A) the patient still does not tolerate regular foods.
B) the pain medication prescribed is affecting the patient's digestion.
C) the patient does not like the taste of the food.
D) the patient is not hungry during scheduled meal times.
E) the patient has no companionship and feels lonely.

Question 26

What information would most likely be included as part of a diet manual?

A) f oods allowed and not allowed on each diet
B) p rinciples of nutrition education
C) t he method of estimating appropriate energy intakes for patients
D) a n analysis of how altered intake affects nutrient content
E) t he advantages and disadvantages of certain nutrients

Question 27

Health care personnel can best help hospitalized patients improve their food intakes by:

A) choosing the most appropriate foods for the patient .
B) making sure that there are plenty of activities going on in the room during mealtimes.
C) assisting patients to sit up in bed after their meal tray has arrived.
D) helping a patient to open containers and set up the food tray.
E) confirming that the patient received the correct tray after the meal.

Question 28

The most appropriate diet for a patient whose jaw was broken in a motor vehicle accident is a:

A) fat-restricted diet.
B) blenderized liquid diet.
C) clear liquid diet.
D) low-fiber diet.
E) low-sodium diet.

Question 29

What food would most likely be found as part of a high-kcalorie, high-protein diet?

A) c hicken broth
B) c ocoa
C) o atmeal
D) 1% milk
E) l uncheon meat

Question 30

A patient with dysphagia has been placed on a pureed diet. What food would most likely be included as part of this diet?

A) c ottage cheese
B) g round beef
C) d umplings with gravy
D) a pplesauce
E) c ooked fruit

Question 31

What food would most likely be eliminated in a low-fiber diet?

A) d ried beans and peas
B) w hite bread
C) c anned fruit
D) m ilk
E) t omatoes

Question 32

An NPO order would most likely be ordered for which situation?

A) An echocardiogram
B) A head CT
C) A chest x-ray
D) Placement of a central venous catheter
E) An upper GI tract study

Question 33

Unintentional weight gain can result from the use of:

A) antidepressant medications .
B) antihypertensive medications.
C) sedative medications.
D) antinausea medications.
E) anticonvulsant medications.

Question 34

Megestrol acetate is best described as a(n):

A) appetite enhancer.
B) weight-loss drug.
C) antidepressant.
D) pain reliever.
E) anti-inflammatory drug.

Question 35

Diets for dysphagia are highly individualized because:

A) there is more than one definition of dysphagia.
B) dysphagia can occur due to a number of different causes.
C) patients differ in their nutritional needs.
D) they require counseling by a dietitian prior to implementation.
E) swallowing difficulties vary in severity.

Question 36

Diet progression is appropriate for patients:

A) following surgery.
B) diagnosed with malnutrition.
C) in whom a reduction in fecal volume is desired.
D) prior to surgery.
E) in whom parenteral nutrition is needed.

Question 37

Reduced stomach acid may increase the absorption of what drug?

A) Digoxin
B) Ibuprofen
C) Ketoconazole
D) Heparin
E) Atazanavir

Question 38

Assuming the GI tract is functioning normally, what is the most appropriate method for feeding patients who are unable to meet their nutritional needs orally?

A) i ntravenous feeding
B) h igh-kcalorie, high-protein diet
C) c ommercial supplement
D) t ube feeding
E) c lear liquid diet

Question 39

In order to minimize fecal volume, a patient may be placed on a _____ diet prior to surgery.

A) low-fiber
B) fat-restricted
C) low-sodium
D) high-kcalorie, high-protein
E) blenderized

Question 40

Sodium restriction is difficult to implement on a long-term basis because:

A) sodium is found in large amounts in nearly all foods.
B) many patients find the diet unpalatable.
C) dehydration may result.
D) sodium is not an essential nutrient.
E) sodium restriction can lead to hypomagnesemia.

Question 41

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice The hospitalized patient's diet prescription was for a clear liquid diet. The nurse knew this patient's diet was not correctly delivered when she saw which items on the patient's tray?

A) c herry gelatin, ginger ale, and coffee
B) c ranberry juice, strawberry fruit ice, and soft drink
C) b ouillon, apple juice, tea, and sugar
D) s trained orange juice, Popsicle, and tomato juice
E) c onsommé, lemon-lime soda, and a frozen juice bar

Question 42

Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg. According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds. His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol and an MAO inhibitor to treat depression.
Because Mr. Salazar is taking lovastatin, he should be counseled to avoid:

A) apple juice.
B) sauerkraut.
C) green leafy vegetables.
D) milk.
E) grapefruit juice.

Question 43

Supplements of _____ are usually given to patients receiving the antituberculosis drug isoniazid.

A) iron
B) calcium
C) vitamin B₁₂
D) folate
E) vitamin B₆

Question 44

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A hospitalized patient is on a progressive diet following surgery. The nurse recognizes that it is his/her responsibility to:

A) track the patient's tolerance and readiness to advance the diet.
B) withhold all foods from the patient until the patient's physician has been contacted.
C) contact the kitchen immediately to report a case of foodborne illness.
D) contact the dietitian and request that the diet order be changed.
E) ask the patient if he wants medication that would prevent vomiting.

Question 45

The drug warfarin is structurally similar to:

A) vitamin C.
B) vitamin K.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.
E) vitamin A.

Question 46

Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg. According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds. His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol and an MAO inhibitor to treat depression.
Mr. Salazar will need a higher _____ intake to meet his nutritional needs for recovery.

A) potassium
B) kcalorie
C) iron
D) vegetable
E) fiber

Question 47

Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg. According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds. His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol and an MAO inhibitor to treat depression.
The most appropriate diet order for Mr. Salazar is a:

A) regular diet.
B) soft diet.
C) mechanical soft diet.
D) blenderized diet.
E) low-fiber diet.

Question 48

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice What menu selections would be appropriate for a patient placed on a clear liquid diet?

A) chicken broth, apple juice, popsicle
B) y ogurt, cranberry juice, beef broth
C) s crambled egg, coffee, orange juice
D) Jell-O, ice cream, coffee
E) m ilk, applesauce, and cottage cheese

Question 49

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice In terms of implementation of care plans, the nurse recognizes that her/his major role is to:

A) deliver appropriate foods to the patient.
B) identify expected outcomes and plan strategies that can correct problems.
C) plan the diet for the patient.
D) ensure that the appropriate foods are prepared for the patient.
E) change the consistency of the food to meet the patient's dietary needs.

Question 50

Methotrexate interferes with the metabolism of:

A) folate.
B) iron.
C) vitamin B_12.
D) calcium.
E) vitamin C.

Question 51

Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg. According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds. His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol and an MAO inhibitor to treat depression.
Before leaving the hospital, Mr. Salazar will need nutrition education on:

A) how to use a blender.
B) food-medication interactions.
C) a pureed diet
D) weight gain.
E) iron deficiency.

Question 52

What drug is not affected by intake of grapefruit juice?

A) Erythromycin
B) Diazepam
C) Lovastatin
D) Haloperidol
E) Cyclosporine

Question 53

The most common biologically based therapy is the use of:

A) vitamin and mineral supplements and herbal remedies.
B) chiropractic medicine.
C) massage therapy.
D) aromatherapy.
E) acupuncture.

Question 54

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient is discouraged by the dietary restrictions for her low-sodium diet. The most appropriate response from the nurse is to:

A) emphasize foods the patient can eat .
B) agree that the diet is unpalatable.
C) allow the family to bring food to the patient.
D) explain why the diet is necessary.
E) tell the patient the she will contact the dietitian.

Question 55

Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg. According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds. His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol and an MAO inhibitor to treat depression.
What factor is most important to consider when providing nutrition education to Mr. Salazar?

A) weight
B) g ender
C) l iteracy level
D) m arital status
E) r ace

Question 56

Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg. According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds. His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol and an MAO inhibitor to treat depression.
What food should be excluded from Mr. Salazar's diet for the time being?

A) n uts
B) i ce cream
C) pudding
D) potatoes
E) f ruit juice

Question 57

What practice is a form of traditional Chinese medicine?

A) bioelectromagnetic therapy
B) acupuncture
C) c hiropractic
D) t herapeutic touch
E) r eflexology

Question 58

What form of alternative medicine proposes that ill health results from internal disruptions in the body?

A) h omeopathic medicine
B) n aturopathic medicine
C) b ioelectrical medicine
D) c hiropractic medicine
E) f aith healing medicine

Question 59

One example of a CAM therapy involving physical spinal manipulation is:

A) aromatherapy.
B) qi gong.
C) therapeutic touch.
D) biofeedback.
E) chiropractic.

Question 60

A patient who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) should avoid which food?

A) c heddar cheese
B) c hicken wings
C) t ortilla chips
D) h ot dog buns
E) b roccoli

Question 62

Explain the concept of diet progression.

Question 63

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A nurse is caring for a patient who wants to start using biologically based therapy as a form of complementary medicine. Which method describes a form of biologically based therapy?

A) a yurveda
B) r eflexology
C) b iofeedback
D) d ietary supplements
E) m editation

Question 64

Describe a mechanically altered diet and explain when it is useful.

Question 65

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient who suffers from migraine headaches wants to take feverfew to prevent their recurrence. What adverse effect has been associated with the use of feverfew?

A) m outh and tongue sores
B) l iver failure
C) h ypotension
D) c ardiac arrest
E) e xcess bleeding

Question 66

What are three general ways in which diet and drugs can interact?

Question 67

List five foods that would be appropriate on a high-kcalorie, high-protein diet, and explain why they are included.

Question 68

Describe the difference between a type of therapy that is considered "complementary" vs. one that is "alternative"   and give an example of one type of "complementary" therapy and one type of alternative therapy and explain each practice.

Question 69

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A nurse is caring for a patient who takes warfarin daily. In terms of this patient's nutrition, the nurse recognizes that this patient will most likely need:

A) daily injections of vitamin K.
B) a high-kcalorie diet.
C) to avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
D) education regarding increasing iron intake.
E) to consume green leafy vegetables in consistent amounts.

Question 70

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice The nurse removes a patient's meal tray from the food cart and discovers that the food is not appropriate for the diet order. The nurse should:

A) substitute another patient's meal tray that contains the appropriate foods.
B) ask a family member to go to the kitchen and request another meal tray.
C) order a new food tray from the kitchen.
D) call the dietitian to come address the problem.
E) give the patient what foods he is able to eat from the tray.

Question 71

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient who is taking a diuretic medication asks the nurse if he will become malnourished because he is taking the drug. Based on the nurse's understanding of diet-drug interactions, the nurse knows that the risk of nutrient depletion:

A) is lower when multiple drugs are used .
B) is higher when kidney function is impaired.
C) is higher when drugs are used on a short-term basis.
D) is lower when the patient is on a modified diet.
E) is higher when the patient increases his fluid intake.