Deck 6: Middle Childhood

Question 1

An example response to Step One of the Coping Cat Program might be:

A)"I was able to speak in class today without getting angry."
B)"I am scared, but I have gone to the dentist before without freaking out."
C)"I do not want to go to school because people will laugh at me."
D)"When I am anxious, my heart starts beating fast."

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Researchers found that elementary school students

A)can enhance their gross and fine motor skills by playing video games.
B)spend less than 12 minutes of P.E. time in vigorous activities.
C)are slightly more active than the standard set by the National Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
D)recognize the health benefits of physical activity.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Describe the key features of Piaget's cognitive development phase of concrete operational thought.  Discuss the concepts of reversibility and conservation. Give an example of one of these concepts.

Answer 3

Answers will vary.​

Question 4

How might teachers' expectations of their students affect students' performance? How might teachers' expectations be related to the performance of minority students in school? How might gender expectations affect school performance?

Question 5

"The quantitative aspects of objects that don't change unless something has been added to or subtracted from the object, although other changes may lead to perceptual differences." To which of the following terms does this definition apply?

A)Deduction
B)Conservation
C)Inhibition
D)Object permanence

Question 6

Growth in middle childhood is characterized by

A)a growth spurt with very rapid physical growth.
B)slow but consistent growth.
C)a period of dormancy in which physical growth does not occur.
D)a period of dormancy interspersed with periods of rapid growth.

Question 7

Steven is a little impatient in school. He blurts out answers before the teacher calls on anyone. He gets upset waiting his turn in class and on the playground. He yells at other children that he feels are trying to get ahead or do something before him. Choose either self-instructional training or pair therapy for enhancing social reasoning and describe how this technique might be used to help Steven.

Question 8

What are the key features of ADHD? Describe the various treatments used. What are the issues to consider in deciding upon a treatment modality to use with a child diagnosed with ADHD?

Question 9

Discuss the effect of divorce on children. Speculate on how a 7-year-old child perceives divorce compared with a high school-aged child. What might account for these differences? What factors might mediate the negative effects of divorce?

Question 10

In middle childhood, rules, fairness, and reciprocity

A)bother most children.
B)are focused on in play.
C)should be ignored in favor of teaching independence and identity development.
D)are taught mostly through media.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is FALSE about stuttering in children?

A)Stuttering is often associated with anxiety.
B)Children usually outgrow the problem by adolescence.
C)Stuttering includes speech blockages, repetitions, and prolongations of sounds.
D)Stuttering is four time more common in girls than boys.

Question 12

Researchers question the reliability and validity of a child's testimony in court based on all of the following concerns EXCEPT

A)desire for revenge.
B)reliability of memory.
C)understanding of the obligation to tell the truth.
D)vulnerability to suggestion.

Question 13

Eight-year-old Johnny and his mother are making cookies. Johnny's mother gives him two pieces of dough that are rolled into balls. She asks him to take the rolling pin and roll one flat. Johnny recognizes that both pieces of dough are still of equal size. He has mastered conservation of

A)number.
B)length.
C)mass.
D)area.

Question 14

Discuss what is meant by the term emotional intelligence. How do children learn to develop their emotional intelligence? What are some methods for encouraging and promoting a child's emotional intelligence?

Question 15

Which of the following is FALSE about IQ tests?

A)Examples include the Stanford-Binet, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, and the Wescler Intelligence Scale for Children.
B)Contents reflect material that is familiar to children from a variety of cultures.
C)They have been used to label and classify children.
D)Skills examined include memory, reasoning, and verbal comprehension.

Question 16

As described in the text according to Shaffer, __________ is the ability to "go beyond the information" and allows a child to become increasingly cognizant of such things as abstract connotations and the multiple meanings of words.

A)abstract processing
B)metatheoretical linguistics
C)metalinguistic awareness
D)thoughtful reasoning

Question 17

The Russian psychologists Vygotsky and Lura believe that speech develops through three successive stages.  Which one of the following best describes the third or final stage?

A)The child's behavior is controlled by his/her own covert self-verbalizations.
B)The child's behavior is controlled through the verbalizations of others.
C)The child's behavior is controlled by his/her own overt verbalizations.
D)The child's behavior is controlled by outside events.

Question 18

Describe what is meant by role, or perspective, taking. How is this related to the development of social skills in children?

Question 19

The ability to delay gratification is associated with

A)emotional intelligence.
B)IQ scores of "genius."
C)high scores on standardized achievement tests.
D)a high ability to focus.

Question 20

Middle childhood, ages 6-12, is referred to by Erikson as what stage of development?

A)Industry vs. inferiority
B)Initiative vs. inferiority
C)Autonomy vs. self-doubt
D)Identify vs. role confusion

Question 21

Which one of the following is NOT considered a benefit of medication therapy for ADHD?

A)Increases child's ability for sustained attention
B)Helps make the child less distractible in the classroom
C)Very limited concerns about medication side effects
D)Enhances classmates' perception of the hyperactive child

Question 22

The following are stressors that occur with divorce EXCEPT

A)hostilities between parents.
B)parent dating.
C)poverty.
D)sibling conflict.

Question 23

Peer groups are

A)a group of age-mates that come together for a short period of time.
B)characterized by interactions that are based on an established set of social relationships.
C)characterized by individuals with very different goals and prejudices.
D)characterized by a tendency to have rotating leaders.

Question 24

Research has shown that children's evaluations of themselves

A)are usually not the same as the way other people perceive them.
B)lead them to be overly confident about their abilities.
C)lead them to be less confident about their abilities.
D)are pretty much the way other people perceive them.

Question 25

The Education for All Handicapped Act was important because

A)it guaranteed the right to an education for handicapped children for a set minimal fee.
B)it guaranteed that all handicapped children have access to public educational facilities, such as libraries.
C)It guaranteed that all handicapped children have access to free public education.
D)it guaranteed that educational buildings will have handicapped-accessible public space.

Question 26

What is meant by the term "interpersonal awareness"?

A)It refers to how a child conceives his/her own interpersonal relationships.
B)It refers to the degree of individuation a child feels as a member of his/her family.
C)It refers to a child's physical-cognitive development.
D)It refers to a child's ability to develop abstract reasoning.

Question 27

According to Hoffman, which one of the following characterizes the method of induction as a form of disciplinary strategy?

A)Physical punishment
B)Attempts to influence behavior with rational arguments
C)Verbal abuse
D)Attempts to influence behavior with rewards

Question 28

Which one of the following is NOT one of the developmental levels suggested by Selman that may account for social perspective-taking ability?

A)Self-reflective and reciprocal perspective taking
B)Differentiated and subjective perspective taking
C)Concrete operational perpsective taking
D)Societal/symbolic perspective taking

Question 29

The Child Behavior Checklist is normed, which means

A)scores can be compared against scores obtained from a normal population.
B)scores can be obtained by dividing the mean score by the sample variance.
C)scores are converted to t-values and compared to a standardized table.
D)scores can be compared against scores obtained from another population with a highly skewed distribution.

Question 30

ADHD is most commonly diagnosed in which one of the following groups?

A)More boys than girls
B)More girls than boys
C)Equal number of boys and girls
D)More girls between the ages of 6-11 than boys of the same age group

Question 31

Children develop internal moral standards and learn to exercise self-control when which one of the following parental strategies is used?

A)Power assertion
B)Induction
C)Love withdrawal
D)Affect reinforcement

Question 32

Characteristics of effective schools and classrooms include all of the following EXCEPT

A)a strong emphasis on academics.
B)a focus on task-oriented behavior.
C)a focus on emotion-oriented behavior.
D)effective management of discipline problems.

Question 33

Groups become more formalized and roles emerge more clearly in

A)early childhood.
B)early middle childhood.
C)late middle childhood.
D)adolescence.

Question 34

The major parental disciplinary style that involves the use of explanation and rationality is

A)love withdrawal.
B)authoritative.
C)power-assertive.
D)induction.

Question 35

Children who are rejected by their peers

A)cannot usually be taught the necessary social skills for success in life.
B)do not usually show significant adjustment problems.
C)may not develop the social skills necessary for cooperation with their peers.
D)rarely benefit from school programs that attempt to teach social skills.

Question 36

Which one of the following behavioral problems reflects a tendency to act out?

A)Internalizing problems
B)Depression
C)Externalizing problems
D)Loneliness

Question 37

Which one of the following is FALSE about the development of communication skills in childhood?

A)Bilingual children are influenced by how the two languages are actually used.
B)Stuttering can lead to emotional difficulties.
C)Disadvantaged children have a normal vocabulary but impaired sentence structure.
D)Meta-linguistic awareness develops along with other language skills.

Question 38

The use of power assertion as a way to influence children

A)produces aggressive behavior.
B)produces passive behavior.
C)increases a child's self-esteem.
D)affects school performance in a positive way.

Question 39

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about school and middle childhood?

A)Students' performance is more significantly affected by teacher expectations than self-expectations.
B)Students entitled to an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)include those with physical, emotional, and developmental disabilities.
C)Although school phobia affects student attendance, researchers have not found a connection to future psychological problems.
D)The federal policy No Child Left Behind was designed to enhance the quality of education for honor students.

Question 40

_____ of all children will live in single-parent families for some part of their childhood.

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 41

Enhancing movement skills in middle childhood would be considered a

A)biophysical strength.
B)psychological strength.
C)social strength.
D)spiritual strength.

Question 42

During middle childhood, ______ gross motor development exceeds that of _______. However, ________ are better than __________ at fine motor skills.

A)boys'; girls; girls; boys
B)girls'; boys; boys; girls
C)boys'; girls; boys; girls
D)girls'; boys; boys; girls

Question 43

The following are true statements regarding bullies and bullying behavior EXCEPT

A)bullying typically occurs more frequently between the 6th and 8th grades.
B)bullies have difficulty making friends.
C)rates of depression and anxiety are higher among bullies.
D)bullies are easy to identify.

Question 44

Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the stages of divorce?

A)The transitional phase is much shorter than the acute phase.
B)During the stabilizing phase, parents and children try to adjust to their new roles.
C)The acute phase is characterized by poor parenting.
D)During the acute phase, parents tend to be very careful about keeping children out of their arguments.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a neighborhood factor that contributes to a child's development?

A)Neighborhood safety
B)Available health and social services
C)Quality of local schools
D)Proximity of local churches

Question 46

An assessment tool that can be used to test intelligence in children in middle childhood is

A)the Stanford-Binet.
B)Piaget's conservation task.
C)APGAR.
D)the Brazelton.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Bullying typically occurs between the 3rd and 5th grades.
B)Bullying typically occurs between the 3rd and 5th grades.
C)Victims of bullying who bully others are likely to be depressed and/or anxious.
D)Teachers should be relied upon to accurately identify bullies.

Question 48

The types of interventions that are effective at addressing bullying include all of the following EXCEPT

A)group interventions with bullies and victims included in the same group.
B)the school wide approach.
C)life skills training groups.
D)interventions targeted at individual perpetrators and victims.

Question 49

Which one of the following is NOT a determinant in a child's adjustment to a divorce?

A)The fate of a child's sibling
B)Financial security
C)Child's temperament
D)Relationship of the ex-spouse

Question 50

By the time youth reach middle childhood, ethnic minority children

A)become more aware of their appearance and racial identity.
B)are able to relate to many characters on TV.
C)alienate themselves from peers of the same ethnicity.
D)become less aware of their ethnic identity than Caucasian children.

Question 51

The "marshmallow task" assesses

A)children's ability to delay gratification.
B)children's ability to follow directions.
C)children's ability to obey.
D)children's ability to delay hunger.

Question 52

Sex role stereotypes

A)characterize our beliefs about what is "male" and what is "female" behavior.
B)have no influence on a person's career choice.
C)are the culturally defined roles of men and women.
D)are negative assumptions that people make about the opposite sex.