Deck 24: Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Question 1

In ____, unabsorbed nutrients or other substances attract water to the colon and increase fecal water content.

A) osmotic diarrhea
B) secretory diarrhea
C) diarrhea associated with motility disorders
D) inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The food that is most likely to produce gas is ____.

A) bananas
B) dried beans and peas
C) brown rice
D) coffee

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Liana is 4 years old and suffering from diarrhea. Which food should her mother let her eat to thicken her stool?

A) applesauce
B) milk
C) grape
D) green beans

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When calcium is unable to bind to oxalate in the small intestine ____ can result.

A) enteric hyperoxaluria
B) kidney stones
C) hypercalcemia
D) a decreased risk of osteoporosis

Question 5

A condition classified as an intestinal disorder that can lead to malabsorption is ____.

A) giardiasis
B) bile insufficiency
C) cystic fibrosis
D) deliac disease

Question 6

The risk of constipation is increased under what condition?

A) increased food intake
B) low-fiber diet
C) increased intake of fluids
D) High levels of physical activity

Question 7

Consequences of severe diarrhea include ____.

A) weight gain
B) dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
C) neurological complications
D) bacterial overgrowth

Question 8

Foods to avoid from the category of breads and cereals while on a fat-restricted diet include ____.

A) pancakes
B) bagels
C) pretzels
D) English muffins

Question 9

What condition would most likely lead to bacterial overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract?

A) gastroesophageal reflux
B) diverticulosis
C) dyspepsia
D) celiac disease

Question 10

In which organ of the gastrointestinal tract does digestion and absorption of nutrients primarily occur?

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) liver
D) large intestine

Question 11

Which food should be excluded from a 50-g fat-controlled diet?

A) egg whites
B) angel food cake
C) starchy vegetables
D) avocado

Question 12

Nutritional consequences of fat malabsorption include ____.

A) overnutrition and weight gain
B) increase in essential amino acids
C) increased risk of bone loss
D) decreased risk of kidney stone formation

Question 13

Which food would be the best dessert for a client on a fat-controlled diet?

A) cookies
B) ice cream
C) cherry pie
D) sherbet

Question 14

Antidiarrheal drugs ____.

A) slow gastrointestinal motility or reduce intestinal secretions
B) increase gastrointestinal motility or increase intestinal secretions
C) slow gastrointestinal motility and may help fight infectious agents
D) increase gastrointestinal motility and reduce intestinal secretions

Question 15

How does bacterial overgrowth sometimes lead to fat malabsorption?

A) The bacteria dismantle the bile acids needed for fat emulsification.
B) The bacteria compete for the sites that absorb fat.
C) The bacteria cause the formation of soaps that disrupt the fat.
D) The bacteria themselves consume the fat.

Question 16

Medications that stimulate colonic contractions are called ____.

A) antispasmodic drugs
B) cholinergic agonists
C) antiemetic medications
D) prokinetic agents

Question 17

Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil is commonly used in malabsorption syndromes because ____.

A) it is high in essential fatty acids
B) its absorption occurs in the large intestine
C) it does not require bile and lipase for absorption
D) it provides all the essential amino acids

Question 18

Mrs. Thomas has been suffering from diarrhea for the past 4 days. What should she be given as a snack to replace fluid and electrolytes?

A) a commercial sports drink and saltine crackers
B) low-fat milk and cookies
C) iced-tea and a brownie
D) regular coffee and a muffin

Question 19

Which menu best meets the objectives of a fat-controlled diet for a patient with steatorrhea?

A) tuna fish salad, crackers, ice cream, tea
B) baked chicken, macaroni and cheese, biscuits, milk
C) grilled chicken, plain baked potato, applesauce, tea
D) sirloin steak, potato salad, broccoli au gratin, milk

Question 20

What type of laxative may cause bloating and diarrhea?

A) bulk-forming fiber agents
B) osmotic laxatives with poorly absorbed salts
C) chloride-channel activators
D) stimulant or irritant laxatives

Question 21

Although all macronutrients are maldigested during chronic pancreatitis, the symptoms of ____ malabsorption are typically the most severe.

A) iron
B) fat
C) sodium
D) protein

Question 22

Which nutrient has the greatest stimulating effect on pancreatic secretions?

A) carbohydrates
B) fat
C) protein
D) vitamins

Question 23

What is the most frequent cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A) celiac disease
B) alcohol consumption
C) liver disease
D) cystic fibrosis

Question 24

Which food is a potential source of gluten?

A) soy sauce
B) buttermilk
C) rice
D) marshmallows

Question 25

The most appropriate diet therapy for clients with cystic fibrosis is to ____.

A) reduce fat to less than 35 g/day
B) limit kcalories to 1200 g/day
C) replace pancreatic enzymes
D) restrict sodium

Question 26

Ulcerative colitis involves which section(s) of the gastrointestinal tract?

A) large intestine
B) small intestine
C) jejunum and rectum
D) biliary tract

Question 27

The protein needs of patients with acute pancreatitis are between ____ g/kg of body weight per day.

A) 1.0 and 1.2
B) 1.2 and 1.5
C) 1.5 and 1.7
D) 1.7 and 2.0

Question 28

What type of drug would most likely be prescribed for a patient with inflammatory bowel disease?

A) antivirals
B) antispasmodics
C) immunosuppressants
D) stool softeners

Question 29

The protein fraction in wheat gluten that has toxic effects in celiac disease is called ____.

A) glutathione
B) gliadin
C) casein
D) whey

Question 30

What is a potential side effect of pancreatic enzyme replacements?

A) fluid retention
B) protein catabolism
C) bloody stool
D) constipation

Question 31

Severe cases of acute pancreatitis could lead to what complication?

A) liver disease
B) systemic inflammatory response syndrome
C) intestinal obstruction
D) colon cancer

Question 32

What is the malabsorption syndrome that results after surgery when the absorptive capacity of the remaining intestine is insufficient for meeting nutritional needs?

A) celiac disease
B) short bowel syndrome
C) irritable bowel syndrome
D) inflammatory bowel disease

Question 33

An appropriate food for a patient with celiac disease is ____.

A) wheat bread sandwich
B) oatmeal cookies
C) vanilla egg custard
D) cheese and rye crackers

Question 34

What causes malabsorption in patients with cystic fibrosis?

A) lack of pancreatic enzymes reaching the small intestine
B) abnormal structure of the small intestine
C) hypometabolism due to labored breathing
D) side effects of   medications

Question 35

The fat intake of patients with acute pancreatitis should be less than ____ g/day.

A) 30
B) 50
C) 70
D) 90

Question 36

Matthew has been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. He should be aware of what complication?

A) inflammation of the duodenum
B) fistulas
C) increased risk of cancer
D) retroperitoneal abscess

Question 37

Severe exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease would require which type of dietary intervention?

A) high-kcalorie and high-protein diet
B) lactose-free diet
C) total parenteral nutrition
D) clear liquid diet

Question 38

Betsey, a patient with celiac disease, asks the dietitian whether she can include oats in her diet. How should the dietitian respond?

A) Limit intake to about 1 cup dry rolled oats per day and monitor tolerance.
B) Exclude regular oatmeal and oat bran from diet totally and eat only gluten-free oats.
C) Consume oats freely because they don't contain gluten like wheat or barley.
D) Compare labels and select oats in baked form or mixed with other grains.

Question 39

Pancreatitis is defined as ____.

A) production of a thick mucus that affects the pancreas
B) an inflammatory disease of the pancreas
C) ulceration along the wall of the pancreas
D) excessive secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Question 40

Which describes appropriate initial nutrition therapy for cases of mild-to-moderate acute pancreatitis?

A) a full liquid diet
B) Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil and iron supplements
C) a low-fiber diet
D) NPO (nothing by mouth)

Question 41

Research with probiotics has shown that certain strains may ____.

A) shorten the duration of rotavirus-associated diarrhea in infants and children
B) prevent the need for ostomies in some patients
C) shorten the duration of exacerbations of Crohn's disease
D) prevent peptic ulcer development in older adults

Question 42

Over ____ different species of bacteria reside in the colon.

A) 100
B) 500
C) 1000
D) 5000

Question 43

A surgical procedure that creates a stoma from the colon that remains after a colectomy is a(n) ____.

A) ileostomy
B) colostomy
C) gastrostomy
D) port

Question 44

People with ileostomies need to follow which nutrition practice?

A) chew food thoroughly
B) drink 4 to 6 cups of fluid per day
C) take an antacid prior to meals
D) check blood glucose levels frequently

Question 45

Individuals with gluten sensitivity develop a severe itchy rash called ____________but have few gastrointestinal symptoms when they consume gluten-containing foods.

A) dermatitis herpetiformis
B) cutaneous celiac disease
C) dermal dystrophy
D) gluten dermatitis

Question 46

Which is a subdominant type of intestinal bacteria?

A) Enterococci
B) Bacteroides
C) Eubacteria
D) Clostridia

Question 47

What is a potential nutritional consequence following resection of the ileum?

A) sodium and chloride malabsorption
B) reduced calcium, zinc, and vitamin B₁₂ absorption
C) lactose malabsorption
D) reduced potassium and phosphorus absorption

Question 48

Which patient should be cautious about consuming probiotics?

A) a person with diabetes
B) a person with dementia
C) a person receiving chemotherapy
D) a person with influenza

Question 49

Which food item is a potential source of gluten?

A) buttermilk
B) cottage cheese
C) chocolate milk
D) cream cheese

Question 50

Intestinal bacteria can benefit our health by ____.

A) increasing bacterial overgrowth
B) decreasing fatty acid production
C) stimulating the immune system
D) stimulating malabsorption

Question 51

Short Case Study Questions  
Ms. Betty Bell is an 85-year old new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and anorexia. Her nurse is informed that Ms. Bell has bennexperiencing constipation for the past 10 days.

-What could be a potential cause of Ms. Bell's constipation?

A) osteoporosis
B) a high-fiber diet
C) low food intake
D) high levels of physical activity

Question 52

Mallory has a colostomy and has been suffering from frequent diarrhea. What food would be most appropriate to help thicken stool output?

A) ice cream
B) green beans
C) oatmeal
D) dried apricots

Question 53

Short Case Study Questions  
Ms. Betty Bell is an 85-year old new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and anorexia. Her nurse is informed that Ms. Bell has bennexperiencing constipation for the past 10 days.

-Ms. Bell is given a diet order for a high-fiber diet to maintain normal bowel movements. What could prevent her intake of high-fiber foods (e.g., raw apples, salads)?

A) low acid production
B) lack of fiber enzymes
C) poor dentition
D) osteoporosis

Question 54

Although adverse effects are rare, one concern related to probiotic bacteria is ____.

A) the increase in resistant strains
B) infection in immunocompromised individuals
C) the association between probiotics and heart disease
D) increased rates of contamination among products

Question 55

In Western societies, diverticula occur most often in which location?

A) the sigmoid colon
B) at the ileocecal valve
C) the transverse colon
D) the ascending colon

Question 56

Researchers are interested in the effects of bacterial probiotics on gastrointestinal disorders and ____.

A) congenital heart disease
B) prematurity
C) cancer
D) renal failure

Question 57

Which practice may increase gas formation in patients with ostomies?

A) drinking carbonated beverages
B) drinking buttermilk
C) eating parsley
D) eating yogurt

Question 58

Appropriate nutrition therapy for irritable bowel syndrome would most likely include ____.

A) administering parenteral nutrition
B) avoiding eating 3 hours before bedtime
C) increasing fluid intake with meals
D) consuming a low-FODMAP diet

Question 59

Three-year-old Jenny is on antibiotics for 10 days. In order to prevent complications, her mother was advised to add ____ to her diet.

A) fruit punch
B) sugar-free gelatin
C) saltines
D) yogurt

Question 60

A serving of ____ usually provides enough probiotic bacteria to survive in sufficient numbers to influence bacterial populations in the large intestine.

A) pickles
B) sauerkraut
C) yogurt
D) beer

Question 62

Explain the effects of short bowel syndrome. What consequences most often occur after small bowel surgery?

Question 63

Short Case Study Questions  
Ms. Betty Bell is an 85-year old new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and anorexia. Her nurse is informed that Ms. Bell has bennexperiencing constipation for the past 10 days.

-On taking the fiber supplement Ms. Bell reports flatulence and abdominal pain. The dietitian recommends a low-FODMAP diet, which includes the following food.

A) apples
B) garlic
C) wheat
D) cucumber

Question 64

Short Case Study Questions  
Ms. Betty Bell is an 85-year old new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and anorexia. Her nurse is informed that Ms. Bell has bennexperiencing constipation for the past 10 days.

-Ms. Bell is prescribed a fiber supplement to increase stool weight. Which of the following is an active ingredient in the fiber supplement?

A) psyllium
B) lactulose
C) castor oil
D) sorbitol

Question 65

Describe the use of oats in a gluten-free diet for celiac disease.

Question 66

Short Case Study Questions  
Ms. Betty Bell is an 85-year old new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and anorexia. Her nurse is informed that Ms. Bell has bennexperiencing constipation for the past 10 days.

-A potential side effect of a high-fiber diet when introduced abruptly is ____.

A) diarrhea
B) diverticulosis
C) flatulence
D) ostomy

Question 67

Discuss the causes of irritable bowel syndrome and how dietary modifications can be used for treatment.

Question 68

Discuss possible diet and lifestyle modifications for the treatment of constipation.

Question 69

Short Case Study Questions  
Mr. Rogelio Martinez is a healthy 79-year-old, retired factory worker. His medical history includes diverticular disease, arthritis, and irregular bowel movements. His wife urges him to go to the emergency department of the local hospital after three episodes of blood in his stool.

-A home health nurse visits Mr. Martinez and his wife. She reinforces the importance of consuming ____.

A) nuts, seeds, and corn
B) salt liberally
C) raw celery and carrots
D) wheat bran cereal

Question 70

What is cystic fibrosis, and how is nutrition therapy used to minimize its symptoms?

Question 71

Short Case Study Questions  
Mr. Rogelio Martinez is a healthy 79-year-old, retired factory worker. His medical history includes diverticular disease, arthritis, and irregular bowel movements. His wife urges him to go to the emergency department of the local hospital after three episodes of blood in his stool.

-Mr. Martinez is found to have infection in the diverticula. What will his immediate treatment include?

A) antibiotics
B) aspirin
C) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
D) antidepressants

Question 72

Short Case Study Questions  
Mr. Rogelio Martinez is a healthy 79-year-old, retired factory worker. His medical history includes diverticular disease, arthritis, and irregular bowel movements. His wife urges him to go to the emergency department of the local hospital after three episodes of blood in his stool.

-Four weeks later, Mr. Martinez returns to the hospital for treatment of complications associated with diverticulitis and undergoes surgery to remove an extensive portion of his colon. The surgeon creates a passage through the abdominal wall into the colon through which dietary wastes can be eliminated. What is this procedure called?

A) diverticulosis
B) colostomy
C) ileostomy
D) gastric bypass

Question 73

Short Case Study Questions  
Mr. Rogelio Martinez is a healthy 79-year-old, retired factory worker. His medical history includes diverticular disease, arthritis, and irregular bowel movements. His wife urges him to go to the emergency department of the local hospital after three episodes of blood in his stool.

-What describes the diet progression for Mr. Martinez?

A) NPO, clear liquid, high fiber, low residue
B) NPO, high fiber, low residue, clear liquid
C) high fiber, low residue, NPO, clear liquid
D) NPO, clear liquid, low residue, adequate fiber