Deck 21: Carbohydrate-Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

In people with diabetes, claudication may be due to polyuria. ​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In severe cases of diabetic ketoacidosis, blood glucose levels can exceed 1000 mg/dL. ​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

It is appropriate for clients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to take oral antidiabetic agents and ignore their prescribed diet.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Prediabetes is diagnosed when a person has a fasting blood glucose level that falls between 100 and 125 mg/dL. ​

Question 5

All of these symptoms are characteristic of diabetes EXCEPT:

A)polyuria.
B)polyphagia.
C)polydipsia.
D)hepatomegaly.
E)glycosuria.

Question 6

The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is a complication of type 2 diabetes. ​

Question 7

Chronic complications of diabetes typically affect the blood vessels and the bones.

Question 8

People with diabetes are prone to _____ due to poor circulation and weakened immune function.

A)ketoacidosis
B)hyperglycemia
C)infections
D)fatigue
E)neuropathy

Question 9

Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by:

A)elevated blood glucose.
B)low hemoglobin.
C)dumping syndrome.
D)lactose intolerance.
E)low insulin levels.

Question 10

If a person does not produce sufficient insulin, he is prone to have:

A)hyperglycemia.
B)poor appetite.
C)low albumin levels.
D)hypoglycemia.
E)hypertension.

Question 11

The prevalent form of diabetes:

A)usually results from an autoimmune disorder.
B)develops most often in people over 40.
C)is called type 1 diabetes.
D)develops as a result of drastic weight loss.
E)is characterized by decreased insulin production.

Question 12

Which symptoms are associated with the acute complications of diabetes?

A)hyperglycemia, vomiting, dehydration
B)vomiting, polyuria, infections of the urinary tract
C)hyperglycemia, dehydration, polyuria
D)dehydration, polyuria, lack of thirst
E)vomiting, dehydration, infections of the urinary tract

Question 13

Obesity alone can cause some degree of insulin resistance.

Question 14

The first sign of type 1 diabetes is often:

A)ketoacidosis.
B)hypoglycemia.
C)high blood lipids.
D)albuminuria.
E)gangrene.

Question 15

The primary defect in type 2 diabetes is autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. ​

Question 16

Glycosuria generally occurs when blood glucose exceeds _____ milligrams per deciliter.

A)120 ​
B)140
C)160
D)200
E)300

Question 17

Excessive urine production is called:

A)polydipsia.
B)polyuria.
C)ketonuria.
D)glycosuria.
E)polyphagia.

Question 18

Routine checks for polydipsia can determine whether diabetes is affecting the eyes.

Question 19

Acetone breath is characteristic of hypoglycemia.

Question 20

Type 2 diabetes is associated with:

A)autoimmune diseases.
B)insulin resistance.
C)destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
D)viral infection.
E)low insulin secretion.

Question 21

Hypoglycemia is frequently caused by:

A)overeating.
B)skipping insulin doses.
C)eating too many carbohydrates.
D)poor management of diabetes.
E)lack of insulin.

Question 22

The nutrient that has the greatest influence on blood glucose levels is:

A)protein.
B)fat.
C)carbohydrate.
D)calcium.
E)ketones.

Question 23

Good glycemic control requires:

A)eating small amounts of food.
B)restricting carbohydrate in the diet.
C)self-monitoring of blood glucose.
D)frequent visits to the doctor.
E)frequent insulin injections.

Question 24

Generally, the initial treatment for type 2 diabetes includes:

A)nutrition therapy and exercise.
B)antidiabetic medications.
C)insulin therapy.
D)enzyme replacement therapy.
E)insulin pumps.

Question 25

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes is increased by all of these conditions EXCEPT:

A)abdominal obesity.
B)aging.
C)sedentary lifestyle.
D)hypertension.
E)genetic factors.

Question 26

Patients diagnosed with diabetes need to receive education in all of these areas EXCEPT:

A)meal planning.
B)blood glucose monitoring.
C)physical activity.
D)dialysis.
E)appropriate physical activity.

Question 27

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)severe ketosis.
B)blood glucose >250 mg/dL.
C)acidosis.
D)blood cholesterol >250 mg/dL.
E)dehydration.

Question 28

Which condition is not a chronic complication of diabetes?

A)nephropathy
B)neuropathy
C)retinopathy
D)myopathy
E)sexual dysfunction

Question 29

Type 2 diabetes often goes undiagnosed in overweight children and teens because:

A)their glucose levels vary with their stage of growth.
B)there are frequently no symptoms.
C)blood glucose tests are not accurate in children and teens.
D)their lifestyles are not conducive to screening for the disease.
E)it is a rare condition in children.

Question 30

A major cause of disability among people with diabetes is:

A)foot amputation.
B)hypertension.
C)hypoglycemia.
D)foot ulcers.
E)nephropathy.

Question 31

An appropriate diet for diabetics includes all of these dietary adjustments EXCEPT:

A)low in carbohydrate.
B)adequate in fiber.
C)low in saturated fat.
D)moderate in protein.
E)use of sugar substitutes.

Question 32

Type 2 diabetics who develop a serious illness or infection that worsens elevated glucose concentrations are prone to developing:

A)heart disease.
B)weight loss.
C)systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
D)hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.
E)significant ketosis.

Question 33

Intensive insulin therapy can cause:

A)hyperglycemia.
B)a loss of appetite.
C)weight gain.
D)low albumin levels.
E)alkalosis.

Question 34

The HbA_1C test is used to determine the:

A)average blood glucose over the preceding two weeks.
B)glycemic control for the preceding two to three months.
C)level of fructose in the blood.
D)presence of ketones in the blood.
E)average plasma pH.

Question 35

A major cause of death in people with diabetes is:

A)neuropathy.
B)cardiovascular disease.
C)infections.
D)gangrene.
E)claudication.

Question 36

What is the most important goal for both medical and nutrition therapy for diabetics?

A)blood glucose control
B)blood pressure control
C)optimal blood lipid levels
D)prevention of complications
E)urine output control.

Question 37

A disadvantage of intensive therapy for type 1 diabetes is:

A)a greater risk of severe hypoglycemia.
B)greater expense due to lack of insurance reimbursement.
C)fewer incidences of severe hypoglycemia.
D)more rapid progression of chronic complications.
E)lack of glycemic control.

Question 38

What are the recommendations for carbohydrate intake for diabetics? ​

A)Low-carbohydrate diets are recommended.
B)All concentrated sweets should be avoided.
C)High-fiber, minimally processed carbohydrates should be emphasized.
D)Simple carbohydrates should be emphasized.
E)Glucose should be avoided.

Question 39

In non-diabetes, glycated hemoglobin values are typically:

A)
B)>6%.
C)>7%.
D)>8%.
E)>9%.

Question 40

People with diabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases because they:

A)tend to eat poorly.
B)have an increased tendency for thrombosis and abnormal ventricle function.
C)experience claudication and foot ulcers.
D)are usually unable to participate in any form of physical activity.
E)are less likely to form blood clots.

Question 41

Which insulin preparation has the quickest onset of action?

A)lispro
B)regular
C)NPH
D)glargine
E)detemir

Question 42

Diabetics who use insulin or medications that promote insulin secretion should:

A)not consume alcohol.
B)consume alcohol no more than 3-4 times/week.
C)consume alcohol in moderation and always with meals.
D)consume alcohol only on an empty stomach.
E)restrict alcohol consumption to one beer per day.

Question 43

Case Study Questions
​Use the following case study to answer questions
Jared Joiner is a 56-year-old African American insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, leads a sedentary lifestyle, and drinks 3-4 beers a day. He is 5'9" tall and weighs 204 pounds (BMI 30). Mr. Joiner has been feeling particularly fatigued lately and decided to make an appointment with his physician for a check-up. The results of his laboratory tests include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL.
Mr. Joiner's blood glucose level meets the criteria for a diagnosis of:

A)type 1 diabetes.
B)type 2 diabetes.
C)prediabetes.
D)ketoacidosis.
E)hypoglycemia.

Question 44

The diabetic diet should provide less than _____ milligrams of cholesterol per day.

A)100
B)200
C)300
D)500
E)600

Question 45

The treatment of type 2 diabetes stresses _____ because of its beneficial effects on improving blood glucose control and blood lipids, and reducing blood pressure. ​

A)physical activity
B)a low-fat diet
C)sulfonylureas
D)a sodium-controlled diet
E)dopamine agonists

Question 46

The Somogyi effect is also known as:

A)the fasting hyperglycemic effect.
B)the dawn phenomenon.
C)the weight gain effect.
D)rebound hyperglycemia.
E)the midnight effect.

Question 47

Which food would have the least effect on blood glucose levels?

A)fruit juice ​
B)whole-grain cereal
C)biscuit
D)vanilla wafer
E)white rice

Question 48

A patient with diabetes is allowed 60 grams of carbohydrate for lunch. This equals _____ portions of carbohydrate-containing foods.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 49

Diet therapy for the pregnant woman with diabetes includes all of these dietary adjustments EXCEPT:

A)weight loss.
B)regular meals and snacks.
C)an evening snack.
D)monitoring of insulin therapy.
E)preconception care and planning.

Question 50

Which food should not be included in the diet of a person with diabetes? ​

A)dried beans and peas
B)fruits
C)trans fats
D)whole-grain breads
E)sugar substitutes

Question 51

All of these food portions represent one portion of a carbohydrate-containing food EXCEPT:

A)1 medium apple.
B)1 slice of bread.
C)1 cup cooked pasta.
D)1 small baked potato.
E)½ cup cooked oatmeal.

Question 52

Women with gestational diabetes who are overweight or obese should be encouraged to:

A)engage in strenuous exercise.
B)severely restrict carbohydrate intake.
C)adjust energy intake as needed.
D)limit protein intake.
E)lose excess body weight.

Question 53

A patient's diabetic diet prescription is for 1800 kcalories with 50% of kcalories from carbohydrate. How many carbohydrate portions is the patient allowed each day?

A)15
B)20
C)45
D)50
E)60

Question 54

Which insulin preparation has the longest duration of action?

A)lispro
B)regular
C)NPH
D)glargine
E)aspart

Question 55

To reduce the saturated fat content of the diabetic diet, all of these foods should be emphasized EXCEPT:

A)lean meats.
B)legumes.
C)cheese.
D)vegetable oils.
E)dietary fibers.

Question 56

A benefit to using the basic carbohydrate counting method is:

A)it is easier to learn than the advanced carbohydrate counting method.
B)all portion sizes are the same for various foods.
C)patients can consume unlimited amounts of carbohydrates.
D)fiber content of the food does not need to be accounted for in the calculation.
E)consistent carbohydrate intake is not required.

Question 57

The mode of action of sulfonylureas is to:

A)stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreas.
B)decrease insulin resistance.
C)improve glucose utilization.
D)delay carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
E)increase insulin sensitivity.

Question 58

Protein needs for people with diabetes are estimated using the DRI for adults, which is _____ g/kg body weight.

A)0.6
B)0.8
C)1.0
D)1.2
E)1.5

Question 59

Consistent carbohydrate intake is required for patients who are:

A)using advanced carbohydrate counting.
B)using the basic carbohydrate-counting method.
C)overweight and inactive.
D)using intensive insulin therapy.
E)elderly and have other health concerns.

Question 60

Which drug suppresses glucagon secretion and delays stomach emptying?

A)biguanides
B)sulfonylureas
C)dopamine agonists
D)acarbose
E)amylin analogs

Question 64

The progression of metabolic syndrome is worsened by:

A)a sedentary lifestyle.
B)low-carbohydrate diets.
C)low blood lipids.
D)drug therapy.
E)celiac disease.

Question 66

Case Study Questions
​Use the following case study to answer questions
Jared Joiner is a 56-year-old African American insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, leads a sedentary lifestyle, and drinks 3-4 beers a day. He is 5'9" tall and weighs 204 pounds (BMI 30). Mr. Joiner has been feeling particularly fatigued lately and decided to make an appointment with his physician for a check-up. The results of his laboratory tests include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL.
To reduce his risk of developing diabetes, Mr. Joiner should follow all of these recommendations EXCEPT:

A)lose weight.
B)increase physical activity.
C)learn to make better food choices at restaurants.
D)learn to cook.
E)cut down on the alcohol consumption.

Question 67

Individuals with hypertriglyceridemia should reduce their intake of:

A)desserts.
B)fruit.
C)fatty fish.
D)nuts.
E)fiber.

Question 70

Case Study Questions
​Use the following case study to answer questions
Jared Joiner is a 56-year-old African American insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, leads a sedentary lifestyle, and drinks 3-4 beers a day. He is 5'9" tall and weighs 204 pounds (BMI 30). Mr. Joiner has been feeling particularly fatigued lately and decided to make an appointment with his physician for a check-up. The results of his laboratory tests include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL.
How many of his risk factors for type 2 diabetes can Mr. Joiner control?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 71

Though the exact cause of metabolic syndrome is unknown, it is believed to be associated with:

A)poverty.
B)obesity.
C)hypoglycemia.
D)liver disease.
E)smoking.

Question 72

Case Study Questions
​Use the following case study to answer questions
Jared Joiner is a 56-year-old African American insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, leads a sedentary lifestyle, and drinks 3-4 beers a day. He is 5'9" tall and weighs 204 pounds (BMI 30). Mr. Joiner has been feeling particularly fatigued lately and decided to make an appointment with his physician for a check-up. The results of his laboratory tests include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL.
After two months, Mr. Joiner has lost weight but his fasting blood glucose has risen to 140 mg/dL. Mr. Joiner's disease has progressed to:

A)type 1 diabetes.
B)type 2 diabetes.
C)gestational diabetes.
D)hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.
E)ketoacidosis.

Question 73

Case Study Questions
​Use the following case study to answer questions
Jared Joiner is a 56-year-old African American insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, leads a sedentary lifestyle, and drinks 3-4 beers a day. He is 5'9" tall and weighs 204 pounds (BMI 30). Mr. Joiner has been feeling particularly fatigued lately and decided to make an appointment with his physician for a check-up. The results of his laboratory tests include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL.
The simplest and most flexible approach for Mr. Joiner to use for optimal management of his blood glucose level is:

A)carbohydrate counting.
B)food lists.
C)MyPyramid.
D)a high-protein diet.
E)the DASH diet.

Question 77

Case Study Questions
​Use the following case study to answer questions
Jared Joiner is a 56-year-old African American insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, leads a sedentary lifestyle, and drinks 3-4 beers a day. He is 5'9" tall and weighs 204 pounds (BMI 30). Mr. Joiner has been feeling particularly fatigued lately and decided to make an appointment with his physician for a check-up. The results of his laboratory tests include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL.
How many risk factors does Mr. Joiner have for type 2 diabetes?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 78

Metabolic syndrome consists of a cluster of disorders that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and:

A)liver disease.
B)cardiovascular disease.
C)foot ulcers.
D)renal failure.
E)hypoglycemia.

Question 79

Which group of symptoms is characteristic of the metabolic syndrome?

A)​abdominal  obesity, reduced HDL cholesterol levels, hyperglycemia
B)hypertension, hypoglycemia, abdominal obesity
C)elevated liver enzymes, insulin resistance, albuminuria
D)polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
E)​abdominal  obesity, renal disease, reduced cholesterol, elevated HDL