Deck 6: Metabolism, Energy Balance, and Body Composition

Question 1

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimates body fatness. ​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Most adults with type 2 diabetes are at a healthy weight, not overweight or obese. ​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have a greater waist circumference. ​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The high-energy compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate)is able to transfer small amounts of usable energy to move our muscles and supply our enzymes with the energy they need to catalyze chemical reactions. ​

Question 5

The portion of a triglyceride molecule that can be converted into glucose is:

A)short-chain fatty acids.
B)medium-chain fatty acids.
C)long-chain fatty acids.
D)glycerol.
E)adenosine triphosphate.

Question 6

The building up of body compounds is known as anabolism. ​

Question 7

Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient. ​

Question 8

Normally, the nervous system consumes less than 50% of the total glucose used each day. ​

Question 9

Perry's body is not able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from his blood, so he must receive dialysis treatments. Which organ(s)in his body is/are diseased? ​

A)pancreas ​
B)heart and blood vessels
C)liver
D)kidneys
E)small intestine

Question 10

A healthy pancreas secretes _____ into the blood between meals and _____ right after a meal. ​

A)glucagon; insulin ​
B)insulin; glucagon
C)digestive juices; glucagon
D)glycogen; digestive juices
E)glucagon; glycogen

Question 11

Which process is NOT a function of the liver?

A)metabolizing nutrients
B)manufacturing immune factors and transport proteins
C)secreting insulin and glucagon
D)participating in iron recycling
E)manufacturing bile

Question 12

Which organ system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells? ​

A)digestive ​
B)excretory
C)cardiovascular
D)nervous ​
E)endocrine

Question 13

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when:

A)excessive fat is present in the blood.
B)vigorous muscular activity has just ended.
C)excessive glucose is present in the blood.
D)excessive cholesterol is present in the blood.
E)there is not enough glucose present in the blood.

Question 14

What percentage of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted to glucose at all? ​

A)​50
B)​75
C)​95
D)​80
E)40​

Question 15

Surplus dietary carbohydrates are first stored as:

A)glycogen.
B)protein.
C)fat.
D)triglycerides.
E)glucose.

Question 16

The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is called:

A)metabolism .
B)glycolysis.
C)lipolysis .
D)gluconeogenesis.
E)ketosis .

Question 17

In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving. ​

Question 18

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs. ​

Question 19

The production of glucose from protein or fat is called:

A)glyconeogenesis.
B)gluconeogenesis.
C)glycolysis .
D)glycogenolysis.
E)triglycerolysis .

Question 20

People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate. ​

Question 21

During the shift to partial dependence on ketones for energy during prolonged fasting, the body:

A)increases its energy output.
B)conserves its lean tissue.
C)increases its metabolism.
D)increases the rate at which lean tissue is lost.
E)increases its glucose production.

Question 22

Which statement is characteristic of the effect of alcohol on body weight?

A)Alcohol yields no energy, so it does not affect body weight.
B)Alcohol is low in kcalories and has very little effect on body weight.
C)Alcohol slows down the body's use of fat, causing more fat to be stored.
D)Alcohol speeds up the body's metabolism and discourages the storage of body fat.
E)Alcohol slows down the central nervous system, which encourages binge eating.

Question 23

Fasting is not a recommended method for weight loss because:

A)weight gain (fat tissue)may occur .
B)lean body mass will be lost.
C)the aroma of baked goods is too distracting.
D)lean body mass will be gained.
E)mobilized fatty acids will be stored as abdominal fat.

Question 24

Which individual would have the lowest basal metabolic rate? ​

A)a pregnant woman
B)a tall, thin person
C)a malnourished person
D)a person with a fever
E)a morbidly obese person

Question 25

Which individual would have the lowest basal metabolic rate? ​

A)a 51-year-old male
B)a 20-year-old inactive woman
C)a 25-year-old pregnant woman
D)a 3-year-old child
E)a 12-year-old child

Question 26

Energy is stored in the body for future use as:

A)triglycerides.
B)glycerol.
C)fatty acids.
D)lecithin.
E)ATP.

Question 27

When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and:

A)stored as fat.
B)excreted in the feces.
C)stored as amino acids.
D)stored as glycogen and fat.
E)excreted in the urine.

Question 28

The energy needed to maintain life when a person is at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest is termed:

A)basal metabolism.
B)the kcalorie.
C)physiological fuel value.
D)heat of combustion.
E)resting metabolic rate.

Question 29

Decreased body temperature is a change that takes place in the body during:

A)feasting.
B)ATP synthesis.
C)gluconeogenesis.
D)fasting.
E)deamination .

Question 30

In the first few days of fasting, body protein is used primarily to:

A)rebuild tissue.
B)replace worn out cells.
C)provide glucose.
D)stabilize fluid balance.
E)provide glycerol.

Question 31

BMR is lowest during:

A)pregnancy.
B)physical activity.
C)sleep.
D)sedentary activity .
E)focused thinking, like test-taking.

Question 32

Basal metabolic rate is lowered by:

A)loss of lean body mass.
B)stress or fever.
C)high thyroid gland activity.
D)increase in lean body mass.
E)high thermic-effect foods.

Question 33

Fasting results in:

A)degradation of lean body tissue.
B)safe, quick, and easy loss of fat tissue.
C)immediate loss of energy and mental alertness.
D)cleansing of toxins from the body.
E)an improvement of the body's fluid and electrolyte balances.

Question 34

An individual can most easily alter his/her energy output by altering:

A)the time of day he/she exercises.
B)the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise.
C)his/her eating patterns.
D)the combination of foods eaten at a meal.
E)the amount of sleep he/she gets per night.

Question 35

Of all the nutrients, which is the easiest for the body to store as fat? ​

A)protein
B)carbohydrates
C)fat
D)vitamins
E)minerals

Question 36

Which molecule(s)is/are an acidic, fat-related compound(s)formed from the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbohydrate is not available? ​

A)amino acids ​
B)pyruvate
C)carbon dioxide
D)ketone bodies
E)ammonia and urea

Question 37

For every _____ kcalories a person eats in excess of kcalorie expenditures, a pound of body fat is stored. ​

A)​100
B)​350
C)​1000
D)​3500
E)​4000

Question 38

When carbohydrate consumption is in excess of body needs, the excess glucose is:

A)not absorbed from the small intestine .
B)excreted in the feces.
C)stored as glycogen and fat .
D)stored as glycogen only.
E)stored temporarily as ATP.

Question 39

Alcohol contributes to obesity because it:

A)diminishes the body's use of fat for fuel .
B)has as many kcalories as fat.
C)increases appetite.
D)encourages storage of body protein.
E)stimulates the pancreas to release insulin.

Question 40

Within a day of beginning a fast, most of the body's stores of _____ are depleted. ​

A)glycogen
B)amino acids
C)fatty acids
D)glycerol
E)adipose tissue

Question 41

The recommended range of body fat for a woman is:

A)10 to 15%.
B)15 to 23%.
C)23 to 31%.
D)31 to 35%.
E)35 to 40%.

Question 42

Which factor is not used to calculate the EER?

A)height
B)percent body fat ​
C)weight
D)gender
E)age

Question 43

About _____% of U.S. adults are overweight or obese. ​

A)​33
B)​42
C)​57
D)​68
E)​85

Question 44

According to the relationship between BMI and mortality, a person with a BMI of 24 would be considered:

A)underweight.
B)overweight.
C)obese.
D)healthy.
E)morbidly obese.

Question 45

Which body component has the greatest variability in quantity and quality? ​

A)bone mass ​
B)muscle mass
C)fluid
D)fat mass
E)blood volume

Question 46

Which individual would be at lowest risk for the accumulation of abdominal fat? ​

A)a smoker
B)a postmenopausal woman
C)a middle-aged man
D)a premenopausal woman
E)a post-pubescent male

Question 47

Which activity requires the most energy in terms of kcalories per pound per minute? ​

A)playing basketball vigorously
B)dancing vigorously
C)rowing vigorously
D)bicycling at 25 mph
E)playing handball

Question 48

Which individual would be classified as being very active? ​

A)a carpenter ​
B)a teacher
C)a football player
D)a gardener
E)a telemarketer

Question 49

The basal metabolic rate slows with increasing age because:

A)the elderly are malnourished.
B)fat mass in the body decreases.
C)digestive efficiency declines.
D)lean body mass diminishes.
E)disease stressors are diminished.

Question 50

A good indicator of fat distribution on an individual is:

A)BMI.
B)body weight.
C)hip circumference.
D)waist circumference.
E)underarm fat.

Question 51

Calculate the approximate BMI of a male who is 5 feet 11 inches tall and weighs 210 pounds. ​

A)​23.2
B)​27.1
C)​29.3
D)​28.7
E)​31.1

Question 52

Obesity is officially defined as a BMI of _____ or higher. ​

A)​25
B)​30
C)​35
D)​40
E)​45

Question 53

Men generally have a higher BMR than women because:

A)women have less lean body mass .
B)women tend to eat less.
C)men tend to eat more.
D)men have less lean body mass.
E)women tend to eat more.

Question 54

The health risks associated with central obesity has to do with:

A)an imbalance in adipokines .
B)the proximity of the excess fat to the gallbladder.
C)an imbalance in cytokines.
D)the proximity of excess fat to the small intestine.
E)an imbalance in ketones.

Question 55

The thermic effect of food represents about _____% of the total food energy taken in. ​

A)​4
B)​10
C)​16
D)​25
E)​2

Question 56

A lack of body fat can result in:

A)infertility in women .
B)depression.
C)abnormal hunger regulation.
D)insomnia.
E)insulin resistance.

Question 57

A disadvantage of using BMI to assess body weight is that it:

A)doesn't distinguish between male and female .
B)doesn't distinguish between young and old.
C)doesn't indicate where excess fat is located on the body.
D)doesn't indicate the ideal weight for a given height.
E)only indicates visceral fat, not subcutaneous fat.

Question 58

Which type of fat poses the greatest risk to health? ​

A)visceral fat ​
B)dietary fat
C)subcutaneous fat
D)lower body fat
E)skinfold fat

Question 59

A person will typically expend _____% of their daily energy budget on basal metabolism. ​

A)25-30
B)30-35
C)50-65
D)10-15
E)80-90

Question 60

Given that EER for women = [354 - (6.91 ´ age)] + PA ´ [(9.36 ´ wt)+ (726 ´ ht)], estimate the energy requirements for Anne, an active (PA for women = 1.27)27 year old who is 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 130 pounds. Choose the kcal range closest to your estimate. ​

A)1700-1800 ​
B)2300-2400
C)2600-2700
D)3200-3300
E)4000-4200

Question 61

Which eating disorder responds most readily to treatment? ​

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)binge eating disorder
D)body dysmorphic disorder
E)RED-S

Question 63

Which health effect is a major consequence of purging? ​

A)excessive hair growth on the back ​
B)a ruptured spleen
C)dangerously high potassium concentrations
D)a ruptured esophagus
E)a ruptured appendix

Question 65

A primary factor involved in the development of eating disorders is:

A)the use of antidepressant drugs.
B)dissatisfaction with one's body .
C)aversions to certain foods.
D)an absent parent.
E)being an only child.

Question 66

Which factor is one of the three indicators established by obesity experts for evaluating health risks due to overweight and obesity? ​

A)a person's sleep habits
B)BMR
C)a person's alcohol consumption
D)waist circumference
E)family history

Question 67

Which criterion is not required for a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa? ​

A)refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimal normal weight for age and height
B)intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight
C)undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation
D)recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain
E)distorted body image that overestimates body fatness

Question 70

Individuals with anorexia nervosa tend to:

A)come from families of lower economic means.
B)be polite, controlled, and rigid, and exhibit unspontaneous behavior.
C)come from families that value an inner sense of worth.
D)be rebellious, with uncontrollable behavior.
E)be narcoleptic.

Question 72

Lindsay is 23 years old and graduated from college with honors. She is emotionally insecure and experiences considerable social anxiety. She has no close friends, is sometimes depressed, and often exhibits impulsive behavior. Lindsay has a preoccupation with food and her weight even though she is close to her ideal body weight. Lindsay most closely fits the profile of a person with:

A)anorexia nervosa .
B)binge eating disorder.
C)bulimia nervosa.
D)body dysmorphic disorder.
E)RED-S.

Question 73

One of the goals of the dietary plan to treat bulimia is to help clients:

A)decrease control .
B)restrict kcalorie intake.
C)restore nutritional health.
D)develop a set pattern of menus.
E)minimize osteoporotic effects.

Question 74

Which health risk associated with obesity causes elevated fasting glucose levels? ​

A)hypertension ​
B)heart disease
C)sleep apnea
D)insulin resistance
E)low blood pressure

Question 75

Which person has the greatest health risk? ​

A)a 27-year-old woman with a waist circumference of 40 inches
B)a 25-year-old athlete with a BMI of 33
C)a 50-year-old male with a BMI of 29 who works out every day
D)a 42-year-old woman with a waist circumference of 34 inches
E)a 35-year-old male with a BMI of 22