Deck 13: Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Question 1

Rheumatoid arthritis may respond to a diet that is:

A)low in saturated fat and high in omega-3 fatty acids.
B)high in vitamins A, C, and E.
C)restricted in kcalories.
D)low in carbohydrates.
E)low in saturated fat and low in omega-6 fatty acids.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Life expectancy in the U.S. is _____ years. ​

A)​68
B)​72
C)​75
D)​79
E)81​

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which statement characterizes aging? ​

A)Slower aging is associated with slower metabolism.
B)Genetics has no effect on aging.
C)Aging cannot be slowed by a healthy lifestyle.
D)Aging is an inevitable, natural process.
E)Aging can be slowed with the use of appropriate supplements.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The protein needs of older adults appear to be about the same as those of younger people. ​

Question 5

The fastest growing age group in the U.S. population is composed of people over _____ years of age.

A)50
B)65
C)75
D)85
E)90

Question 6

Which nutrient is NOT involved in preventing cognitive decline in older adults?

A)folate
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin B₆
E)DHA

Question 7

Studies suggest that a diet providing ample carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E may help to prevent the early onset of cataracts. ​

Question 8

Research supports the notion that an overload of minerals in the body causes Alzheimer's disease. ​

Question 9

Iron-deficiency anemia is more common in older adults than in young people. ​

Question 10

Zinc intake is commonly low in older adults. ​

Question 11

What is a benefit of physical activity in older adults? ​

A)decreased blood flow to the brain
B)decreased risk of cataracts
C)increased tolerance to smoking
D)increased blood flow to the brain
E)decreased muscle mass

Question 12

Increasing evidence suggests that overweight and obesity in middle age are associated with Alzheimer's disease. ​

Question 13

Osteoarthritis is a common condition among _____ adults. ​

A)senile
B)blind
C)obese
D)underweight
E)active

Question 14

Moderate energy restriction increases:

A)body weight.
B)body fat.
C)insulin resistance.
D)HDL cholesterol levels.
E)LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 15

The elderly are more likely to have medical conditions or to take medications that may compromise folate status. ​

Question 16

People can add years to their lives or enhance the quality of their lives through healthy behaviors. ​

Question 17

Vision problems in older adults may be due to:

A)being underweight.
B)low intake of vitamins D and E.
C)being overweight.
D)low intake of vitamins C and E.
E)high intake of vitamins D and E.

Question 18

Older adults spend more money per person on foods to eat at home than other age groups. ​

Question 19

As people grow older, the use of medicines becomes commonplace, thus increasing the potential for diet-medication interactions. ​

Question 20

Which health behavior is the strongest predictor of continued mobility in the later years? ​

A)not smoking
B)low to moderate alcohol consumption
C)maintenance of moderate body weight
D)frequent physical activity
E)sleeping regularly and adequately

Question 21

Fat intake should be moderate in the diets of most older adults because a reduction in dietary fat intake helps:

A)alleviate constipation.
B)retard the development of atherosclerosis.
C)reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
D)increase lean body mass.
E)clear room for carbohydrate consumption.

Question 22

Your grandfather is beginning to have trouble completing familiar tasks, such as using a microwave oven. You recognize this as an early sign of:

A)omega fatty acid deficiency.
B)normal age-related changes.
C)Alzheimer's disease.
D)malnutrition.
E)cerebral cortex hypertrophy.

Question 23

Older adults face a greater risk of vitamin D deficiency than young people due to:

A)low consumption of meat.
B)low intake of vegetables.
C)limited exposure to sunlight.
D)low intake of fiber.
E)higher intakes of fat.

Question 24

Severe fat restriction among older adults may lead to:

A)nutrient deficiencies.
B)weight gain.
C)greater risk of cancer.
D)dehydration.
E)depression.

Question 25

The DRI Committee found that _____% of adults 51 years and older have atrophic gastritis due to the inability to absorb vitamin B₁₂. ​

A)5 to 10
B)10 to 30
C)30 to 35
D)40 to 45
E)50 to 60

Question 26

Which protein source is most appropriate for older adults? ​

A)milk and cheese
B)legumes and fish
C)whole grains and legumes
D)nonfat milk and peanut butter
E)cottage cheese and legumes

Question 27

Older adults are predisposed to fluid imbalances because:

A)they pay too close attention to their thirst.
B)they find it too easy to obtain fluids and so become complacent.
C)fluids they ingest are more rapidly processed by the kidneys.
D)they may have reduced thirst.
E)they may have an increase in total body water as they age.

Question 28

Energy needs decline with advancing age partly because:

A)sarcopenia is not significant in later years.
B)organs actually get smaller and so require less energy.
C)older people usually increase their physical activity.
D)basal metabolic rate declines as people age.
E)older people are better able to absorb energy from foods.

Question 29

The older adult's intake of fruits and vegetables may be limited because of:

A)decreased visual acuity.
B)decreased muscle mass.
C)adequate cooking facilities.
D)chewing problems.
E)decreased sense of smell.

Question 30

The most important nutrition concern for a patient with Alzheimer's disease is:

A)allowing the person to choose their own foods.
B)a strict eating schedule
C)maintaining appropriate body weight.
D)a regimen of dietary supplements.
E)keeping adequately hydrated.

Question 31

Many older people take in adequate amounts of:

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)folate
D)zinc
E)calcium

Question 32

Protein is especially important for older adults to:

A)promote sarcopenia.
B)rebuild aging bones.
C)support a healthy immune system.
D)prevent macular degeneration.
E)offset rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 33

Dehydrated older adults are more susceptible to:

A)ambulatory distress.
B)urinary tract infections.
C)herniation.
D)stomach ulcers.
E)emphysema.

Question 34

In Alzheimer's disease, the brain develops _____ and _____. ​

A)stellaroid plaques; neural tube tangles
B)senile plaques; neuromuscular fibers
C)senile plaques; neurofibrillary tangles
D)free-radicals; senile tangles
E)loose plaques; free-radicals

Question 35

An important physical change of aging that affects nutrition is:

A)hair loss.
B)decreased circulation.
C)enhanced vision.
D)sluggish intestinal motility.
E)increased sense of smell.

Question 36

One nutrient that is under-consumed by many elderly people is:

A)vitamin A.
B)protein.
C)vitamin D.
D)vitamin C.
E)triglycerides.

Question 37

Which factor increases the likelihood of iron deficiency in older adults? ​

A)not using enough antacids
B)increased stomach acid secretion
C)chronic blood loss due to disease or medicines
D)elevated heart rates during seizures
E)limited intake of milk

Question 38

The best choice for older adults with small energy allowances is to:

A)take vitamin-mineral supplements.
B)select nutrient-dense foods.
C)consume less food.
D)moderate alcohol consumption.
E)cut back on water intake.

Question 39

The estimated energy requirements for adults decreases steadily after age:

A)19.
B)30.
C)40.
D)51.
E)65.

Question 40

Sarcopenia refers to:

A)loss of muscle mass.
B)vitamin deficiency.
C)bone loss.
D)malnutrition associated with aging.
E)fat loss.

Question 41

When an older adult is feeling too tired to participate in work, family, or social activities, this is likely a warning sign of:

A)a brain tumor.
B)Alzheimer's.
C)type 2 diabetes.
D)early on-set senile dementia.
E)typical age-related changes.

Question 42

Iron status in women generally improves:

A)after menopause.
B)with daily exercise.
C)as muscle mass decreases.
D)during perimenopause.
E)as bone mass decreases.

Question 43

The most common drug that can affect nutrition in older people is:

A)alcohol.
B)laxatives.
C)antacids.
D)aspirin.
E)albumin.

Question 44

An adequate calcium intake throughout life helps protect against:

A)cancer.
B)osteoporosis.
C)diabetes.
D)cardiovascular disease.
E)osteosarcopenia.

Question 45

Since 1950, the population older than age 65 has almost:

A)quintupled.
B)halved.
C)quadrupled.
D)doubled.
E)tripled.

Question 46

The U.S. Bureau of the Census projects that by the year _____ more than a million Americans will be 100 years old or older. ​

A)2018
B)2020
C)2025
D)2030
E)2040

Question 47

When the number of neurons in the _____ diminishes, balance and posture are affected. ​

A)hindbrain
B)cerebral cortex
C)cerebrum
D)neurofibrillary tangles
E)sensory organs

Question 48

The DRI for vitamin B₁₂ for adults over 51 is:

A)2.4 mg/day.
B)0.24 mg/day.
C)2.4 µg/day.
D)4.0 µg/day.
E)4.2 µg /day.

Question 49

Few older adults consume the recommend amount of _____ due to complaints about stomach discomfort. ​

A)meat
B)fruit
C)milk
D)bread
E)vegetables

Question 50

Which lifestyle habit is not associated with improvement of physiological age in older adults? ​

A)engaging in daily physical activity
B)having  a sense of purpose
C)avoiding tobacco use
D)following a plant-based diet
E)following a diet that includes plenty of red meat

Question 51

Which condition is not a risk factor for malnutrition in older adults? ​

A)disease
B)eating disorders
C)economic hardship
D)reduced social contact
E)tooth loss or decay

Question 52

An older adult complains about the expense of cooking for one. You suggest:

A)purchasing large bags of frozen vegetables .
B)purchasing large bags of shredded cheese.
C)purchasing eggs in large quantities.
D)stocking up on fresh produce when in season.
E)buying lots of groceries and give them to your neighbors.

Question 53

Preventive factors for _____ may include supplements of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA, some B vitamins (folate, vitamin B₆, and vitamin B₁₂), and the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. ​

A)cataracts
B)macular degeneration
C)rheumatoid arthritis
D)hypertension
E)dementia

Question 54

Which food assistance program would most likely improve the intake of fruits and vegetables among low-income older adults? ​

A)OAA Nutrition Program
B)Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
C)Meals on Wheals
D)Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program
E)Meals for Singles

Question 55

Healthy older adults who have not been active can ease into a suitable routine by first trying to _____ more. ​

A)run
B)walk
C)cycle
D)play basketball
E)play cards

Question 56

When low fiber intakes are combined with low fluid intakes and inadequate physical activity, _____ becomes more likely. ​

A)malnutrition
B)constipation
C)high blood sugar levels
D)diabetes
E)obesity

Question 57

Moderate sodium intake and adequate intakes of potassium, calcium, and other minerals help prevent:

A)hyperbolic disorder.
B)hyperthermia.
C)hypernatremia.
D)hyperextension.
E)hypertension.

Question 58

Basal metabolic rate declines _____ percent per decade, in part because lean body mass and thyroid hormones diminish. ​

A)8-10
B)2-3
C)½ to 1
D)5 to 6
E)1 to 2

Question 59

For older adults, the recommendation for beverage intake, including water, is _____ cups a day for women and _____ for men. ​

A)3; 8
B)6; 10
C)7; 12
D)9; 13
E)10; 15

Question 60

The antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables may help slow the progression of:

A)Alzheimer's.
B)type 1 diabetes.
C)cataracts.
D)senile dementia.
E)urinary tract infections.

Question 61

Food _____ are community food collection programs that provide groceries to be prepared and eaten at home. ​

A)deserts
B)pantries
C)exchanges
D)recoveries
E)securities

Question 62

A food recovery program might involve:

A)taking leftover food from a local shelter to a fundraiser.
B)planting berry bushes in an already harvested field.
C)cutting the crust off bread and saving it.
D)the delivery of day-old bread to a soup kitchen.
E)collecting unused WIC vouchers.

Question 63

The largest federal food assistance program is:

A)WIC.
B)SNAP.
C)WHO.
D)USDA.
E)UNICEF.

Question 65

The _____ food assistance program provides low-income older adults with coupons that can exchanged for fresh fruits, vegetables, and herbs at community-supported roadside stands. ​

A)Meals for Singles
B)Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program
C)SNAP
D)OAA Nutrition Program
E)Box Lunches for Seniors

Question 69

A deficiency in _____ can depress the appetite and blunt the sense of taste. ​

A)selenium
B)copper
C)iron
D)calcium
E)zinc

Question 70

The _____ food assistance program for older adults provides congregate and home-delivered meals to improve people's nutrition status. ​

A)Meals for Singles
B)Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program
C)SNAP
D)OAA Nutrition Program
E)Box Lunches for Seniors

Question 72

Energy intake inadequacies in older adults are directly related to:

A)constipation.
B)iron-rich meal replacement shakes.
C)herbal supplements.
D)increased physical activity.
E)loneliness.

Question 73

The primary cause of hunger in developed countries is:

A)food poverty.
B)war.
C)mental illness.
D)politics.
E)poor roads.

Question 76

The percent of households in the U.S. that are considered food secure is close to:

A)only 35%.
B)50%.
C)60%.
D)70%.
E)85%.

Question 77

The _____ food assistance program supplements income for low-income households by means of a card similar to a debit card that can be used to purchase food. ​

A)Meals for Singles
B)Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program
C)SNAP
D)OAA Nutrition Program
E)Box Lunches for Seniors

Question 78

Even for older adults, _____ is still the best source of nutrients. ​

A)food
B)tea
C)an herbal supplement
D)a vitamin pill every morning
E)a timed-release capsule

Question 79

One major factor that contributes to food poverty is:

A)low living expenses.
B)lack of volunteers to staff food pantries.
C)not enough food available.
D)lack of knowledge about food assistance programs.
E)lack of insurance.