Deck 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

Question 1

Talk about:
ideology

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

Talk about:
Concert of Europe

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

What caused the revolutions of 1848 in France, central Europe, and Italy, and why did the revolutionary forces fail? What did the revolutions actually achieve?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

How do the ideas of Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill represent the various elements of the ideology of liberalism?

Question 5

Talk about:
balance of power

Question 6

Talk about:
Klemens von Metternich

Question 7

Talk about:
Joseph de Maistre and conservatism

Question 8

Talk about:
Edmund Burke and conservatism

Question 9

Talk about:
Congress of Vienna

Question 10

Talk about:
Latin America revolts

Question 11

What were the major characteristics of Romanticism? How did Romanticism shape the European society and culture during the nineteenth century?

Question 12

Talk about:
principle of intervention

Question 13

Why was Britain able to avoid the upheavals of revolution in the 1830s and 1840s?

Question 14

Talk about:
principle of legitimacy

Question 15

In what specific ways did Europe respond to the need for order in society in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 16

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideologies of liberalism, nationalism, and early or utopian socialism? Why were liberalism, nationalism, and early socialism considered revolutionary by many people? How were these ideologies similar? How were they different?

Question 17

What similarities do the revolutions of Latin America have with the revolutions of Europe during the early to middle decades of the nineteenth century? How did they differ?

Question 18

What were some of the means that governments attempted to maintain order in the nineteenth century? Which were most successful, and why?

Question 19

Did the goals of the Congress of Vienna attempt to reassert old traditions or to create a new idea of order for Europe?

Question 20

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideology of conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century? How were these ideas put into practice between 1815 and 1830?

Question 21

Talk about:
the Decembrist Revolt

Question 22

Talk about:
Charles Fourier's phalansteries

Question 23

Talk about:
Tsar Nicholas I

Question 24

Talk about:
Carbonari

Question 25

Talk about:
Greek Revolt

Question 26

Talk about:
John Stuart Mill

Question 27

Talk about:
classical economics

Question 28

Talk about:
ministerial responsibility

Question 29

Talk about:
Monroe Doctrine

Question 30

Talk about:
utopian socialism

Question 31

Talk about:
Louis XVIII and Charles X

Question 32

Talk about:
Corn Laws and the Peterloo Massacre

Question 33

Talk about:
Burschenschaften

Question 34

Talk about:
ultraroyalists

Question 35

Talk about:
David Ricardo's "iron law of wages"

Question 36

Talk about:
On the Subjection of Women

Question 37

Talk about:
Britain's Tories and Whigs

Question 38

Talk about:
liberalism

Question 39

Talk about:
Thomas Malthus

Question 40

Talk about:
Germanic Confederation

Question 41

Talk about:
France's Second Republic

Question 42

Talk about:
revolutions of 1848

Question 43

Talk about:
Gothic literature

Question 44

Talk about:
Grimm brothers and Hans Christian Andersen

Question 45

Talk about:
Frankfurt Assembly

Question 46

Talk about:
London Mechanics' Institute

Question 47

Talk about:
individualism

Question 48

Talk about:
pantheism

Question 49

Talk about:
Sir Walter Scott

Question 50

Talk about:
France's July Revolution of 1830

Question 51

Talk about:
Louis Blanc and Flora Tristan

Question 52

Talk about:
Robert Owen's New Lanark

Question 53

Talk about:
risorgimento , Giuseppe Mazzini, and Young Italy

Question 54

Talk about:
Louis Kossuth

Question 55

Talk about:
neo-Gothic architecture

Question 56

Talk about:
serjents , "bobbies," and Schutzmannschaft

Question 57

Talk about:
parties of Movement and Resistance

Question 58

Talk about:
Goethe's The Sorrows of the Young Werther

Question 59

Talk about:
Romanticism

Question 60

Talk about:
Reform Act of 1832

Question 61

The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819 did all of the following except

A) disband the Burschenshaften .
B) impose censorship on the German press.
C) placed most German universities under close government supervision.
D) dissolved several smaller German states.
E) placed restrictions upon university activities.

Question 62

Metternich's "principle of legitimacy" refers to

A) freedom of religion.
B) the adoption of laissez-faire economics.
C) the sanctity of marriage.
D) proper justification for revolution.
E) the restoration of legitimate monarchs who would preserve traditional institutions.

Question 63

After the Congress of Vienna, Italy

A) was entirely unified as a single country.
B) had been divided into nine states, subject to the domination of other European powers.
C) was divided into two states, one in the north and the other in the south.
D) was annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress.
E) sank into complete anarchy and chaos.

Question 64

The leader of the Congress of Vienna was

A) Tsar Alexander I.
B) Napoleon.
C) Viscount Castlereigh.
D) Prince Talleyrand.
E) Klemens von Metternich.

Question 65

The man long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America is

A) José de San Martín.
B) Simón Bolívar.
C) Guillermo Pelgrón.
D) Simón Carreño.
E) Pancho Villa.

Question 66

Talk about:
William Wordsworth

Question 67

In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Edmund Burke

A) wrote in support of the French Revolution
B) suggested the importance of spreading revolution throughout Europe.
C) suggested that sudden change was an important means of renewing society.
D) condemned the radical republican and democratic ideas of the French Revolution.
E) argued against the idea that the state should be considered a partnership agreement.

Question 68

Talk about:
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Question 69

Talk about:
Caspar David Friedrich, J.M.W. Turner, and Eugene Delacroix

Question 70

Talk about:
Ludwig von Beethoven and Hector Berlioz

Question 71

Talk about:
Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron

Question 72

The most important factor in preventing the European overthrow of the newly independent nations of Latin America was

A) European economic collapse.
B) the Monroe Doctrine guiding American foreign policy.
C) the sheer size of South America.
D) growing support for pacifism in Europe.
E) British naval power.

Question 73

During its period of dominance in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Britain's Tory government

A) embarked on a massive program of electoral reform.
B) passed the Corn Law of 1815, which drastically reduced tariffs on foreign grain.
C) allowed for large public meetings and the dissemination of pamphlets among the poor as a sign of good will.
D) enacted policies that sparked mass protests, including the Peterloo Massacre of 1819.
E) dramatically improved the conditions of the working classes by guaranteeing cheap bread.

Question 74

At its most elementary Burkean level, conservatism

A) sought to preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare.
B) became the most popular political philosophy in Russia.
C) sought above all else the achievement of individual rights.
D) was never popular among the political elite of Europe.
E) championed individual rights and laissez-faire government.

Question 75

Talk about:
Chateaubriand's Genius of Christianity

Question 76

The Congress of Vienna's treatment of Poland

A) demonstrates the application of the principle of legitimacy.
B) reveals the overshadowing of the principle of legitimacy by more practical considerations of power.
C) resulted in Austrian domination of Poland.
D) allowed for complete Polish autonomy.
E) shows the emergence of Poland as a great European power.

Question 77

Klemens von Metternich

A) supported much of the revolutionary ideology after Napoleon's defeat.
B) thought that a free press was necessary to maintain the status quo.
C) had little influence because of his extreme conservatism.
D) was anti-religious and supported atheistic causes.
E) believed European monarchs shared the common interest of stability.

Question 78

By 1824, which one of the following Latin American states had not become independent?

A) Peru.
B) Paraguay.
C) Uruguay.
D) Colombia.
E) Panama.

Question 79

The growing forces of liberalism and nationalism in central Europe were exemplified by the

A) increased liberal reforms of Frederick William III of Prussia between 1815 and 1840.
B) national affinity and unity felt by the many Austrian ethnic groups under Frederick II.
C) liberal constitutions of the states of the German Confederation.
D) Burschenschaften , the student societies of Germany.
E) the enlightened leadership of central European political elites.

Question 80

The Congress of Vienna

A) gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands.
B) created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
C) failed to achieve long-lasting peace among European nations.
D) treated France leniently following Napoleon's One Hundred Days.
E) sanctioned the political power of the bourgeoisie.