Deck 3: Nutrition Assessment Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Question 1

The most commonly used site for skinfold measurements is the:

A) abdomen
B) thigh
C) triceps
D) calf
E) neck

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The process of identifying patients who may have a nutrition diagnosis and who would benefit from nutritional assessment and intervention by an RDN is referred to as:

A) nutrition-focused physical examination
B) nutrition assessment
C) estimation of nutrition needs
D) nutrition screening
E) calculating nutritional risk

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements best explains the food frequency data collection method?

A) In this method, the energy values of foods are calculated and summed each day.
B) In this method, the client records the types, amounts, and frequency of foods consumed.
C) In this method, the clinician guides the client through a recall of all food and drink that has been consumed in the previous 8-hour period.
D) In this method, the clinician reviews the types and serving amounts of foods the client has eaten in the last 24 hours.
E) In this method, foods are ranked on a numerical scale and the total numbers are calculated every 24 hours.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The USDA multiple-pass approach is a nutrition assessment method that is a variation of the:

A) food diary
B) 24-hour recall
C) Mini Nutritional Assessment
D) food frequency method
E) calorie count method

Question 5

A clinician is calculating height using a knee-height caliper. Which equation is most appropriate for a 26-year-old white male client?

A) 73.42 + (1.79 x knee height)
B) 95.79 + (1.37 x knee height)
C) 71.85 + (1.88 x knee height)
D) 58.72 + (1.96 x knee height)
E) 59.01 + (2.08 x knee height)

Question 6

What percentage of body weight does a clinician need to account for when measuring the weight of a client who has had his hand amputated?

A) 0.8%
B) 1.8%
C) 2.6%
D) 3.1%
E) 3.8%

Question 7

Which of the following is an advantage of using USDA MyPlate tools?

A) They provide a clear guide for preventing disease through nutrition.
B) They are comprehensive and contain information about macronutrients and micronutrients.
C) They can be paired with exercise analysis to promote weight loss.
D) They can quantify food consumed from each of the major food groups.
E) They contain exchange lists for people with certain types of illnesses, such as diabetes.

Question 8

Determination of _____ involves an attempt to project potential nutrition problems based on the client's current health status.

A) nutritional risk
B) nutritional status
C) nutrition screening
D) nutritional assessment
E) nutrition recall

Question 9

____ is a method that measures body volume (density) and relies on the assumption that the density of fat mass and components of fat-free mass are constant.

A) Air displacement plethysmography
B) Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
C) Bioelectrical impedance analysis
D) Hydrostatic weighing
E) Skinfold measurements

Question 10

Which statement best describes the use of phase angle in bioelectrical impedance analysis?

A) It is used as an additional measure of prognosis in many chronic conditions.
B) It is used to measure stature by using a calibrating device.
C) It is used to calculate energy requirements from data obtained through skinfold measurements.
D) It is used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide expired.
E) It is used to calculate the percentage used to evaluate growth patterns relative to population standards.

Question 11

The equipment BOD POD works on the principle of:

A) air displacement plethysmography
B) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
C) bioelectrical impedance analysis
D) hydrostatic weighing
E) skinfold measurements

Question 12

A patient decides that she will eat only while sitting at the kitchen table with family members. This is an example of which component of the subjective food-/nutrition-related history assessment?

A) behavior
B) food and nutrient intake
C) nutrition-related patient measures
D) physical activity and function
E) knowledge and beliefs

Question 13

A patient reports that she has nausea after eating and often vomits at least once a day. This type of data is considered to be:

A) objective
B) biochemical
C) clinical
D) anthropometric
E) subjective

Question 14

A client weighs 165 lbs and is 5 feet 8 inches tall. The BMI for this client is:

A) 24.5
B) 25.1
C) 26.0
D) 27.2
E) 28.7

Question 15

A dietetic clinician has measured the mid-upper arm muscle area in a 46-year-old female client. The result is 22 cm². This resultant muscle mass would be classified as:

A) obese
B) adequate
C) marginal
D) depleted
E) wasted

Question 16

Which BMI result is classified as being "overweight?"

A) 22.9
B) 23.9
C) 24.1
D) 25.9
E) 30.8

Question 17

The ____ were established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to assist consumers in interpreting nutrition labeling information.

A) Daily Values (DVs)
B) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
C) Adequate Intakes (AIs)
D) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)
E) Estimated Average Requirements (ERAs)

Question 18

The use of simple tests across a healthy population in order to identify the individuals who have disease, but do not yet have symptoms is called _____.

A) assessment
B) diagnosis
C) screening
D) counseling
E) intervention

Question 19

Which of the following deficiencies leads to an increase in the level of transferrin in the body?

A) copper deficiency
B) sodium deficiency
C) potassium deficiency
D) chromium deficiency
E) iron deficiency

Question 20

A clinician has calculated a client's creatinine height index. The result obtained is 78% of the standard. What does the percentage suggest?

A) sufficient skeletal muscle
B) mild skeletal muscle depletion
C) moderate skeletal muscle depletion
D) severe loss of skeletal muscle
E) muscle exhaustion

Question 21

Which laboratory value is normally included as part of a chem-7 panel?

A) albumin
B) AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
C) direct bilirubin
D) total cholesterol
E) serum chloride

Question 22

Which of the following options best indicates a normal level of retinol-binding protein in 100 mL of blood?

A) 1.8 mg/dL
B) 3.4 mg/dL
C) 7.1 mg/dL
D) 9.0 mg/dL
E) 12.3 mg/dL

Question 23

In case of iron deficiency, which of the following elements is substituted for iron within hemoglobin?

A) copper
B) magnesium
C) manganese
D) zinc
E) chromium

Question 24

Which condition is an example of chronic disease-related malnutrition?

A) closed head injury
B) anorexia nervosa
C) major infection
D) sarcopenic obesity
E) thermal burns

Question 25

Case Study Multiple Choice
Ms) Smith, an 85-year-old female, is admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture and dehydration. She is awaiting surgery. Her family reports that she lives alone and has been showing signs of dementia since last month. The doctor suggests she consult a nutritionist because the nurse reports that she is not eating well.
Height: 5'5"Weight: 110 lbs Usual body weight: 125 lbs (6 months ago) Albumin: 2.8 g/dL Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Prealbumin: 14 mg/dL
Total lymphocyte count: 2500
Depending on Ms. Smith's physical limitations, the dietitian may need to measure and calculate her height using:

A) a stadiometer
B) a knee-height caliper
C) a tape measure
D) a length board
E) a weight-to-height scale

Question 26

Case Study Multiple Choice
Ms) Smith, an 85-year-old female, is admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture and dehydration. She is awaiting surgery. Her family reports that she lives alone and has been showing signs of dementia since last month. The doctor suggests she consult a nutritionist because the nurse reports that she is not eating well.
Height: 5'5"Weight: 110 lbs Usual body weight: 125 lbs (6 months ago) Albumin: 2.8 g/dL Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Prealbumin: 14 mg/dL
Total lymphocyte count: 2500
The clinician calculates and interprets Ms. Smith's percent (%) unintentional weight change. The result is 13.6%. This is classified as:

A) mild malnutrition
B) moderate malnutrition
C) significant malnutrition
D) considerable malnutrition
E) severe malnutrition

Question 27

What percentage of total carbohydrate kcal should be provided as a substrate for 100% RMR?

A) 10%-15%
B) 20%
C) 25%-35%
D) 50%
E) 55%-65%

Question 28

What is the purpose of dynamometry?

A) to assess nutrition in relation to skeletal muscle function and malnutrition diagnosis
B) to accurately record blood pressure
C) to determine total visceral protein requirements
D) to assess strength in relation to physical activity
E) to compare MCH and MCHC values

Question 29

Case Study Multiple Choice
Ms) Smith, an 85-year-old female, is admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture and dehydration. She is awaiting surgery. Her family reports that she lives alone and has been showing signs of dementia since last month. The doctor suggests she consult a nutritionist because the nurse reports that she is not eating well.
Height: 5'5"Weight: 110 lbs Usual body weight: 125 lbs (6 months ago) Albumin: 2.8 g/dL Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Prealbumin: 14 mg/dL
Total lymphocyte count: 2500
Which biochemical indicator would be used by the medical doctor to determine Ms. Smith's inflammatory status?

A) IGF-1
B) fibronectin
C) CRP
D) albumin
E) transferrin

Question 30

The percentage of blood that is composed of red blood cells is called:

A) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
B) hematocrit
C) transferrin saturation
D) mean corpuscular volume
E) protoporphyrin

Question 31

Which activity is an example of an instrumental activity of daily living?

A) personal hygiene and grooming
B) sexual activity
C) meal preparation
D) sleep
E) personal mobility

Question 32

Case Study Multiple Choice
Ms) Smith, an 85-year-old female, is admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture and dehydration. She is awaiting surgery. Her family reports that she lives alone and has been showing signs of dementia since last month. The doctor suggests she consult a nutritionist because the nurse reports that she is not eating well.
Height: 5'5"Weight: 110 lbs Usual body weight: 125 lbs (6 months ago) Albumin: 2.8 g/dL Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Prealbumin: 14 mg/dL
Total lymphocyte count: 2500
The dietitian wants to determine Ms. Smith's protein status by checking her transferrin levels. What level of transferrin would be considered to be within a normal range?

A) 108 mg/dL
B) 188 mg/dL
C) 265 mg/dL
D) 391 mg/dL
E) 410 mg/dL

Question 33

A client consumed approximately 40 g of protein in the past 24 hours. His 24-hour urine collection indicated a urine urea nitrogen of 12 g. His nitrogen balance would be:

A) 9.6 g
B) 4.2 g
C) -4.2 g
D) -9.6 g
E) -12.1 g

Question 34

Which of the following proteins serves as the transport molecule for vitamin A?

A) transferrin
B) prealbumin
C) albumin
D) retinol-binding protein
E) thyroxine-binding transthyretin

Question 35

Identify the components of the total energy required by an individual.

A) basal energy expenditure, physical activity, thermic effect of food
B) physical activity, resting energy rate, percentile weight for height
C) basal energy expenditure, protein intake, thermic effect of food
D) protein intake, physical activity, resting energy rate
E) physical activity, adjusted body weight, protein intake

Question 36

A clinician is assessing the concentration of visceral proteins in a client's body; the client was recently diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which visceral protein would most likely be elevated in this condition?

A) albumin
B) transferrin
C) retinol-binding protein
D) prealbumin
E) fibronectin

Question 37

Case Study Multiple Choice
Ms) Smith, an 85-year-old female, is admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture and dehydration. She is awaiting surgery. Her family reports that she lives alone and has been showing signs of dementia since last month. The doctor suggests she consult a nutritionist because the nurse reports that she is not eating well.
Height: 5'5"Weight: 110 lbs Usual body weight: 125 lbs (6 months ago) Albumin: 2.8 g/dL Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Prealbumin: 14 mg/dL
Total lymphocyte count: 2500
Which type of food- and nutrition-data gathering method would be the most appropriate for Ms. Smith?

A) food frequency
B) 24-hour recall
C) calorie count
D) food diary
E) carbohydrate exchange list

Question 38

For a patient suffering from a disease, the adequate protein requirements will be met by providing ____ g protein/kg/day.

A) 0.8
B) 1.0
C) 1.8
D) 0.2
E) 0.4

Question 39

The guideline that provides criteria for diagnosing specific types of malnutrition, including kwashiorkor, marasmus, and other severe PEM (protein-energy malnutrition) is called the:

A) Health and Wellness Nutrition Handbook
B) Nutrition and Diagnostic Manual of Illness
C) Dietary Reference for Disease Diagnosis
D) Harris-Benedict Manual
E) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems

Question 40

What would be the appropriate amount of fibronectin in 100 mL of blood?

A) 100 mg/dL
B) 200 mg/dL
C) 300 mg/dL
D) 450 mg/dL
E) 600 mg/dL

Question 41

Today, in most developed countries, concern for nutritional status focuses on the effect of excessive intake of nutrients and energy.

Question 42

Households that have no problems, or anxiety about, consistently accessing adequate food belong to _______________.

Question 43

_______________ refers to the distribution of body compartments (e.g., muscle mass and body fat) as part of the total body weight.

Question 44

Advantages of the 24-hour recall method include short administration time, very little cost, and negligible risk for the client.

Question 45

_______________ refers to the alterations from normal anatomy and physiology that occur as a result of disease or injury.

Question 46

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires that all patients receive nutrition screening within 12 hours of their admission to a hospital.

Question 47

When a client is filling out a food diary, he or she should use cups, teaspoons, and tablespoons to record accurate amounts.

Question 48

During a 24-hour recall, the information is gathered _______________ from the client about food intake over the last day.

Question 49

One limitation of the creatinine height index is that its accuracy depends on a complete collection of urine for 24 hours.

Question 50

_______________ refers to the likelihood that an individual who does not have a particular condition or disease will be correctly excluded when administered a test designed to detect that condition or disease.

Question 51

_______________ is a gross measurement of all body compartments and does not distinguish body composition or fluid shifts.

Question 52

Just as the physical examination is the cornerstone of medical assessment, _______________ provides the foundation for the nutrition care process.

Question 53

When weighing a nonambulatory client, wheelchair and bed scales are not recommended because of problems with calibration.

Question 54

Even though it is commonly measured, hemoglobin is not the most sensitive or the most specific of hematological assessments of nutritional status.

Question 55

A limitation of using a stadiometer is that it is an estimation of maximum adult height and not actual, current height.

Question 56

_______________ include(s) information that is obtained directly from the patient, family members, and any other caregivers, usually during interviews.

Question 57

Body composition refers to the distribution of body compartments as part of the total body weight.

Question 58

Food and nutrition information is assessed either by collecting data _______________ or by summarizing data gathered _______________.

Question 59

In general, the _______________ are much more useful to the consumer purchasing groceries than the dietitian performing a nutrition assessment.

Question 60

Reduced grip strength is an example of anthropometric data measured in a nutrition assessment.

Question 61

Give the formula for calculating nitrogen balance.

Question 62

In healthy individuals, nitrogen _______________ should be equal to nitrogen intake.

Question 63

List the equation for calculating total energy expenditure (TEE), and describe each of the three basic components of the formula.

Question 64

Give the formula for calculating BMI and list reference ranges.

Question 65

Waist circumference of  ≥_______________ inches for women is considered to be predictive of obesity and chronic disease risk in Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic, and Native-American populations.

Question 66

In protein assessments, _______________ protein refers to skeletal muscle.

Question 67

Describe the formula for calculating adjusted body weight for a client who has had an amputation.

Question 68

_______________ is generally accepted as the most accurate method of measuring body composition.

Question 69

Equipment needed for skinfold measurement includes a _______________ and a skinfold caliper.

Question 70

Describe the protein assessment overview of the visceral proteins, namely albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein.

Question 71

_______________ involves scanning the body with radiation photons at two different energy levels.

Question 72

Suppose you are a dietitian advising a client to start a food diary. Describe the process of collecting information. Also, explain the important instructions needed to accurately complete this assessment.

Question 73

Describe the food frequency method of nutrition data collection, and list its advantages and disadvantages.

Question 74

List the different categories of subjective information in the food- and nutrition-related assessment, and give an example of each.

Question 75

Explain food insecurity and its impact on the residents of the United States. List the interventions that the clinicians can implement to assist patients who have food security issues.

Question 76

One MET is equivalent to energy expenditure while sitting quietly, which for the average adult approximates _______________ of oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight per minute.

Question 77

_______________is assessed by measuring the oxygen consumed by a patient who has gone without food for at least 12 hours and has been lying down with little movement in a constant-temperature environment overnight.

Question 78

Increased fecal loss of serum protein, especially albumin, causing hypoproteinemia is called _______________.

Question 79

Explain the arm-span method to measure the height of a person who is unable to stand up. List one disadvantage of this method.

Question 80

A clinical state characterized by edema, albuminuria, and decreased plasma albumin often caused by conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, renal vein thrombosis, or hypersensitivity to toxic agents is called _______________.