Deck 26: Imperialism Western Global Dominance

Question 1

Among the theories to explain the new imperialism, historians have proposed that

A)accelerated economic expansion in the late nineteenth century convinced several European states that new colonies would guarantee sources of raw material and markets for finished goods.
B)slowing European population growth required colonies for countries to continue to prosper.
C)although newly unified states showed no interest in colonies, more established states fueled the desire for colonies.​
D)the new imperialism, while important, actually had little impact on contemporary ideas concerning national pride and Great Power status.
E)all of the above

Answer 1

accelerated economic expansion in the late nineteenth century convinced several European states that new colonies would guarantee sources of raw material and markets for finished goods.

Question 2

The English writer who celebrated the Indian Gunga Din and urged "Take up the White Man's Burden" was

A)E. M. Forster.
B)Olive Schreiner.
C)George Orwell.
D)Joseph Conrad.
E)Rudyard Kipling.

Answer 2

Rudyard Kipling.

Question 3

Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed gained renown for

A)instigating the Sepoy Mutiny.
B)leading the Sudanese against Europeans and Egyptians.
C)negotiating with the Germans for the building of ports.
D)his cooperation with the British in the Sudan.
E)resistance to the Russians in the Caucasus.

Answer 3

leading the Sudanese against Europeans and Egyptians.

Question 4

The long list of factors contributing to the new imperialism included

A)nationalistic competition among European nations.
B)the Social Darwinist idea that the stronger must conquer.
C)Christian missionary zeal and the secular sense of obligation to share the benefits of Western Civilization with the "savages."
D)a competitive curiosity for exotic places and people.
E)all of the above

Question 5

The justifications for British imperialism offered by Joseph Chamberlain include

A)commercial advantages.
B)the duty of spreading civilization to other peoples.
C)the prosperity provided by Britain to residents in its imperial territories.
D)Britain's delivery of security and peace in its territories abroad.
E)all of the above

Question 6

Strategies for resistance to European imperialism included

A)modernization as in Egypt and Turkey.
B)traditionalist revival and resistance as in China's Boxer Rebellion and the Sudanese holy war against Britain.
C)nationalist resurgence led by India's Gandhi and China's Chiang Kai-shek.
D)migration as in Indochina and Algeria.
E)all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning the new imperialism and colonialism is accurate?

A)The new imperialism occurred before colonialism.
B)Colonialism involved settlement and trade, whereas the new imperialism refers to the domination by a country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country, region, or people.
C)Some scholars have identified industrialization as the direct cause of colonialism but not of the new imperialism.
D)Both imperialism and colonialism resulted in the massive relocation of European populations to non-European territories.
E)none of the above

Question 8

Which statement about the new imperialism is NOT accurate?

A)Within a single generation, European nations laid claim, and made good on their claims, to great expanses of the earth.
B)Neither the United States nor Russia took part in the new imperialism.
C)During the new imperialism, most of Africa was partitioned, China was penetrated, control of India strengthened, and the Ottoman Empire partially dismantled.
D)Though independent, Latin America became heavily dependent on the West.
E)Today's global village is, in part, the result of the new imperialism.

Question 9

Which area was divided by Russia and Britain into spheres of influence at the turn of the twentieth century?

A)Azerbaijan
B)Persia (Iran)
C)India
D)Korea
E)Turkey

Question 10

Among the legacies of new imperialism was continued European domination over most of the world until after

A)World War I.
B)the Great Depression.
C)World War II.
D)the 1960s.
E)the 1980s.

Question 11

In the late nineteenth century, most North American and European investment was in

A)North America and Europe.
B)East Asia and Africa.
C)North America and Asia.
D)South Asia and the Pacific.
E)North and South America.

Question 12

When British merchants arrived in India in the eighteenth century

A)peace had recently been made among the Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh populations.
B)the Muslim e mperor had been waging a holy war that seriously fragmented India.
C)India had been stable and peaceful for centuries despite its religious and social divisions.
D)the Hindu princes were waging an aggressive campaign against the Muslims.
E)southern India was in near revolt against the north.

Question 13

The Mogul Empire is associated with

A)China.
B)India.
C)Japan.
D)Manchuria.
E)Persia.

Question 14

For several hundred years after the Europeans arrived in Asia

A)European nations were the stronger parties in trading connections.
B)European craftspeople produced superior goods.
C)Europeans were sellers, and Asians were buyers.
D)Europeans were dependent on the goodwill and interest of the rulers and traders.
E)all of the above

Question 15

Lenin believed each of the following EXCEPT

A)highly advanced capitalist countries were innately imperialistic.
B)capitalists were convinced that exploitation of less-developed areas of the world was necessary to keep maintain profits and wages in the homeland.
C)since imperialism wasted resources, it retarded the growth of capitalism.
D)business interests pushed governments to safeguard their profits.
E)imperialism would lead the Great Powers to war.

Question 16

Advantages of the new global economy in the late 1800s included all the following EXCEPT

A)the ability of smaller, poorer European states to gain access to much-needed resources and markets.
B)working class and peasant access to luxury goods that were once available only to the privileged.
C)underdeveloped areas in the world gained access to European markets and goods.
D)the global economy evened out economic fluctuations thus preventing local depressions.
E)new technologies were made available around the world and foreign products became available in the West.

Question 17

In the decades before the new imperialism

A)the Caribbean sugar trade and the output of Central and South American mines declined.
B)advocates of free trade argued that commerce was more profitable than new colonial expansion.
C)industrialization in Europe drew more countries from around the world into the European commercial system.
D)Western ideas and technology continued to spread even without the expansion of political empires.
E)all of the above

Question 18

Extraterritoriality refers to

A)the ability of non-Westerners to gain citizenship in European states.
B)commercial contracts benefiting Europeans made abroad.
C)European religious practices in imperial territories.
D)the right of Europeans to trial by their own laws in foreign countries.
E)the policy of sending non-Westerners to Europe for legal or medical education.

Question 19

Non-Western countries that remained independent during the new i mperialism and beyond included

A)India and Egypt.
B)Ethiopia.
C)India and Ethiopia.
D)the Philippines and Japan.
E)Algeria and Persia.

Question 20

Historians would agree with each of the following statements EXCEPT

A)most colonies proved to be profitable investments for the mother country.
B)hesitant governments were sometimes encouraged in the new imperialism by industrial leaders.
C)areas Europeans sought to dominate in the new imperialism were often less profitable than they had imagined.
D)less emigration from Europe to the colonies occurred than proponents of colonial development had hoped.
E)colonies brought the mother country intangible benefits that far outweighed the costs of administration.

Question 21

During World War I, Japan

A)maintained neutrality.
B)provided extensive aid to the Central Powers.
C)fought on the Allied side.
D)fought with the Central Powers.
E)expanded into China.

Question 22

European states and the United States exacted concessions from China and penetrated deeper into its territory and economy after each of the following EXCEPT the

A)Treaty of Nanking (1842)that ended the Opium War of 1839-1842.
B)Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), a revolt against the Chinese emperor.
C)Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)that brought an easy Japanese victory.
D)Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)that brought a Japanese victory.
E)revolt of the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (1900)directed against foreigners.

Question 23

Under the leadership of Kemal Atatürk, Turkey

A)ceded its Arab territories but remained the spiritual leader of the Muslim world.
B)became the first Islamic state in the modern world.
C)drove the Allies from Anatolia and became a staunchly secular, modern republic.
D)became a successful secular state with its capital in Constantinople, renamed Istanbul.
E)restored the Ottoman Empire, which had briefly been dissolved after World War I.

Question 24

During World War I, the Ottoman Empire

A)rebuilt its empire in the Balkans.
B)joined Germany and its allies (the Central Powers).
C)remained neutral until the last days of the war.
D)joined the Allies.
E)underwent a major revolution.

Question 25

A characteristic of the period of British rule over India was that

A)the Indian elite resented the British disdain for their culture.
B)the Congress Party conceded that the demand for home rule would be fruitless.
C)British industries gave employment to native Indians.
D)there was improvement in the economic situation of the lower classes.
E)traditional economic and social arrangements were unaffected.

Question 26

In a little over a generation, Japan become one of the top ten industrial nations by

A)visiting Western factories and hiring Western experts.
B)massive private rather than government investment in transportation, communications, and heavy industry.
C)encouraging a value system that emphasized individualism rather than cooperation and paternalism.
D)exploiting the antagonistic relationship between the government and powerful families.
E)adopting samurai values of honor and extreme competition.

Question 27

In an effort to modernize and compete with Western powers, Japan adopted a constitution modeled on that of

A)Bismarck's Germany.
B)the Third Republic.
C)the United States.
D)Great Britain.
E)Russian autocracy.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate?

A)Gandhi believed self-discipline, peaceful civil disobedience, and boycotts were the way to defeat the British.
B)Gandhi practiced hunger strikes and combined a spiritually uplifting message with shrewd political tactics.
C)Gandhi's leadership helped to prevent the partition of India between Muslims and Hindus.
D)Indian independence from Britain came soon after World War II.
E)When India gained independence, massacres occurred between Hindus and Muslims and the country was split.

Question 29

The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857-1858 refers to the

A)Chinese revolt against forced British imports of opium into China.
B)samurai rebellion that brought about the Meiji Restoration in Japan.
C)massive Indian revolt that led to direct British control of two-thirds of the continent.
D)resistance against French imperialism in Indo-China.
E)none of the above

Question 30

What was the fate of the Manchu dynasty?

A)The Manchu were deposed by European states and the American "Open Door" policy.
B)Under increasing foreign and domestic pressure, the Manchu convened a Congress, the Serene Gathering of the Middle Kingdom, to determine China's fate.
C)The Manchu were overthrown by Chinese nationalists led by Sun Zhongshan.
D)The Japanese deposed the Manchus during the Japanese conquest of Manchuria.
E)The Manchu lasted until the Communist victory in 1949 led by Mao Zedong.

Question 31

The reforms of the Meiji Restoration included all of the following EXCEPT

A)making all classes equal before the law.
B)universal military service.
C)the establishment of a bicameral parliament.
D)a dramatic reduction in power for the emperor.
E)the creation of highly centralized state.

Question 32

Gandhi's political tactics in India's struggle for independence included

A)marches.
B)boycotts.
C)passive resistance.
D)hunger strikes.
E)all of the above

Question 33

In the 1880s, the Indian National Congress

A)won from Britain the power to make laws in India.
B)had a membership of predominantly middle-class Muslims.
C)sought home rule within the British empire.
D)organized the Amritsar massacre.
E)was ignored by educated Indians.

Question 34

Which of the following was known as the "Sick Man of Europe"?

A)Serbia
B)the Ottoman Empire
C)Russia
D)the Hapsburg Monarchy
E)Spain

Question 35

In 1917, the Balfour Declaration promised

A)Jews a place in Palestine.
B)Japan territory in mainland China.
C)Italy vast imperial lands in Africa.
D)China land in Korea.
E)all of the above

Question 36

The Qing emperor relied on Westerners to suppress rebels in the

A)Sepoy Mutiny.
B)Taiping Rebellion.
C)Opium War.
D)Sino-Japanese War.
E)Amritsar massacre.

Question 37

In 1904, the Japanese won a stunning victory over

A)Manchuria.
B)China.
C)Korea.
D)Russia.
E)Britain.

Question 38

What caused the Meiji Restoration of 1867?

A)Commodore Perry's show of force in Tokyo Bay
B)an aristocratic revolt against the Japanese emperor
C)the samurai seizure of the Japanese government to preserve Japan's independence
D)a revolt of the merchant class, which benefitted greatly from the new trade with the outside world
E)a religious uprising to protest Christianity

Question 39

China was forced to open its ports to trade with the West as a result of the

A)Taiping Rebellion.
B)White Lotus Rebellion.
C)Boxer Rebellion.
D)Opium War.
E)Sino-French War.

Question 40

British rule in India brought all the following EXCEPT

A)a powerful state with a single system of law, administration, and language.
B)an English educated elite and an end to centuries of war and disorder.
C)modern railroad and communications systems.
D)improvement in public health, sanitation, water and flood control, and reliability of the food supply.
E)great economic benefits to the Indian masses.

Question 41

The largest portion U.S. foreign investment in the early 1920s went to which of the following?

A)Canada
B)Europe
C)Africa
D)Asia
E)Latin America

Question 42

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
colonialism

Question 43

Which of the following best describes the end of European colonial empires? The end of European colonial empires came

A)mainly from the desire of the subject populations to be free.
B)when the European states had exhausted themselves in two World Wars and were unable to hold onto their empires.
C)when European colonial powers realized that their principle of national self-determination and basic human rights applied to others as well as Europeans.
D)when communist movements throughout the world expelled European imperialists.
E)when the United Nations pressured imperial powers to grant their colonies independence.

Question 44

The new imperialism in Africa

A)began with European countries controlling 50 percent of the continent in 1880 and all but two areas (Ethiopia and Liberia)in 1914.
B)began with the ambitious plan of Germany for the conquest and exploitation of the Congo.
C)threatened stability in Europe and nearly led to war between European powers.
D)focused entirely on the expansion of Christianity rather than economic exploitation.
E)all of the above

Question 45

The greatest exception to the pattern of European conquest in Africa was the

A)defeat of British-led forces at Khartoum in the Sudan.
B)defeat of the Italians by the Ethiopians at the Battle of Adowa.
C)clash of the British and the French at Fashoda.
D)building of the Suez Canal.
E)battle of Omdurman.

Question 46

U.S. marines occupied which of the following mainly to protect U.S. business interests?

A)Haiti
B)the Dominican Republic
C)Nicaragua
D)the port of Veracruz
E)all of the above

Question 47

Slavery was the central part of Europe's relations with Africa since the age of exploration. During the new imperialism

A)slavery was still being practiced during the early part of the period by the African themselves and Arab merchants.
B)the Atlantic slave trade had long been halted, and the Berlin Conference declared an end to slavery in Africa.
C)Liberia has been established in western Africa as a homeland for freed slaves from the United States.
D)capitalist enterprises like those of King Leopold of Belgium practiced de facto slavery.
E)all of the above

Question 48

Britain's increasing presence in Egypt in the later nineteenth centur

A)ended with the creation of the Suez Canal.
B)was designed to weaken the power of the khedive.
C)had Prime Minister William Gladstone as its chief proponent and architect.
D)created political and cultural unity among the Egyptians.
E)prompted violent resentment against the British.

Question 49

From the Revolutionary period to the First World War, British and United States policy toward Latin American countries included all the following EXCEPT

A)encouragement to win their initial independence from Spain.
B)guarantees and aid to prevent the reestablishment of Spanish rule after the defeat of Napoleon.
C)the fostering of democracy and just treatment of the native populations.
D)the limitation of business initiatives in Latin America by other nations.
E)"dollar diplomacy" and more direct military intervention by the United States in the Caribbean and Central America.

Question 50

The Great Trek refers to the

A)logistical difficulties of building the Suez Canal.
B)assignment of British troops to Khartoum.
C)movement of the Boers away from the Cape Town area.
D)journey of American pioneers across the Great Plains.
E)epic march of Mao Zedong and the Communists across China.

Question 51

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
new   imperialism

Question 52

In the rivalry between Great Britain and Russia in Asia

A)Britain was concerned about Russian expansion southward toward India.
B)Russia borrowed money to lend funds to Persia for railroad construction.
C)alarmed by German expansionism elsewhere, Britain and Russia came to an understanding about Afghanistan, which separated Russian controlled Central Asia from British controlled India.
D)Britain and Russia agreed on spheres of influence in Persia.
E)all of the above

Question 53

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"White Man's Burden"

Question 54

The Asian territory's ability to play France and Britain against each other to preserve some territorial integrity was

A)Indochina.
B)Siam.
C)Indonesia.
D)Burma.
E)Tibet.

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT true about the Boer War?

A)The British invaded a fellow European people, the Dutch Boers, who decades earlier had fled deeper into Africa to avoid British rule.
B)The British demonstrated the superiority of their humanitarian tradition by their humane treatment of Boer prisoners.
C)A small population of farmers, descendent from the Dutch, held back the British empire for a number of years.
D)The war ruined the British image abroad and roused hysterical nationalism at home.
E)The war resulted in the creation of the Union of South Africa.

Question 56

Which Latin American countries became new, primarily immigrant nations like the United States?

A)Argentina and Mexico
B)Mexico and Colombia
C)Argentina, Chile, and Brazil
D)Mexico, Peru, and Columbia
E)none of the above

Question 57

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
militarism

Question 58

Imperialism in Latin America usually followed which of the following forms?

A)threats from foreign powers
B)direct control by European states
C)a mixture of annexation and threats
D)heavy economic investment by Europeans and Americans
E)the French invasion of Mexico in 1867

Question 59

Western imperialism

A)has left a legacy of deep animosity toward imperialists in the countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
B)has ended, but Western economic and cultural domination persists.
C)sparked fundamentalism or traditionalism as a force opposing Western influence.
D)left much of the world suffering from insufficient capital, unskilled leaders, and unstable governments, problems that continue today.
E)all of the above

Question 60

All of the following is true about the French and Indochina EXCEPT

A)France fought China in the 1880s to acquire what today is Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
B)the French parliament disapproved of the conquest and threw out the government responsible for it.
C)France used Indochina to expand into Siam (Thailand).
D)Indochina and France conducted very little trade.
E)France as a whole was indifferent to events in Indochina.

Question 61

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).
Use arrows to indicate the major imperialist (or expansionist)thrusts of Britain, France, Russia, Germany, and the United States.

Question 62

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Great Trek

Question 63

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Sepoy Mutiny

Question 64

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Manchu (Qing)dynasty

Question 65

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).
Locate and label the areas associated with the following: Mogul Empire, the Manchu (Qing)dynasty s , Meiji regime, Monroe Doctrine, empire of Maximilian, and Muslim India (Pakistan).

Question 66

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"dollar diplomacy"

Question 67

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Monroe Doctrine

Question 68

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"gunboat diplomacy"

Question 69

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"Open Door"

Question 70

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
khedives

Question 71

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
zaibatsu

Question 72

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).
Using arrows, locate and label the area with which each of the following should be associated: the Great Trek; the Opium War; the Amritsar massacre; the "Open Door" policy; the state into which Commodore Matthew Perry's fleet forced entry; Battle of Adowa; and at least one of the sites relating to gunboat diplomacy.

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Siam

Question 74

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Adowa

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
extraterritoriality

Question 76

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Boers

Question 77

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Amritsar massacre

Question 78

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Afrikaans

Question 79

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Mahdi

Question 80

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Meiji Restoration