Deck 5: Nutrition, Attitudes, and Behavior

Question 1

Recent surveys indicate that food choices made in the United States are trending toward unhealthier dietary patterns.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Learning to cook is a behavioral change that helps people in general eat better.​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Nutrition knowledge,attitudes,and values have a lot to do with changing food choices for the better.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

When making a change in their diet,people often relapse because they tried to make too many changes at once.​

Question 5

The effects of malnutrition are most severe when malnutrition occurs while the brain is growing and developing.​

Question 6

Six basic tastes have been identified.​

Question 7

Dietary changes introduced into a culture for the purpose of improving health can be successful only if the change is accepted by the culture.​

Question 8

Protein-calorie malnutrition that occurs later in childhood produces behavioral effects that can be corrected with nutritional rehabilitation.​

Question 9

Adults with above-average taste intensity scores appear to maintain their weight over time compared to others with lower scores.​

Question 10

Evidence indicates that young children,if offered a wide variety of foods,will select and ingest a well-balanced diet.​

Question 11

Intake of vegetables and fruits tends to increase when they become cheaper to buy.​

Question 12

Blood lead levels in children have increased substantially in recent decades.​

Question 13

Occasionally women are advised to consume alcohol in moderate amounts during pregnancy to help reduce blood pressure.

Question 14

Studies examining the effects of sugar intake on hyperactivity in children have consistently demonstrated that a relationship exists.​

Question 15

The effects of iron-deficiency anemia on the intellectual performance of children are short term and can be reversed with proper treatment.​

Question 16

Certain food colorants and preservatives may be related to hyperactivity in some children.​

Question 17

"Vacillating" consumers tend to consume a diet consistent with their commitment to good nutrition.​

Question 18

The primary reason efforts to improve food choices fail is that the changes attempted are too drastic.​

Question 19

In countries such as the United States food choices are influenced by a range of factors and of these factors food preference has the largest impact.​

Question 20

Once the symbolic value of a food is established as a comfort food its nutritional value is of less concern.​

Question 21

Which factors have a lot to do with changing food choices for the better?​

A)​attitudes,cultural customs,and familiarity
B)food availability and health status
C)nutrition knowledge,food taste,and religious beliefs
D)food cost and convenience
E)​nutrition knowledge,attitudes,and values

Question 22

People choose foods that,based on their cultural background and other learning experiences,_____.​

A)​provide energy
B)promote good health
C)give them pleasure
D)provide essential nutrients
E)​are convenient

Question 23

What is a popular comfort food in the United States?​

A)​ice cream
B)rice
C)pasta
D)pizza
E)​steak

Question 24

There is evidence to suggest that people deficient in sodium experience an increased preference for foods high in potassium.​

Question 25

Evidence that a sixth basic taste exists for _____ is growing.​

A)​sweet
B)bitter
C)sour
D)fatty
E)​fatty

Question 26

Lead _____.​

A)​remains in the environment for a short period
B)is stored principally in fatty tissue
C)stays in the body 20 years or more
D)levels in the blood of children has increased in recent decades
E)​exposure as an adult is associated with an increased risk of dementia

Question 27

Dietary changes that require a lot of will power to maintain rarely last.​

Question 28

Humans have an inborn attraction to which type of food?​

A)​sour
B)sweet
C)spicy
D)bitter
E)​fatty

Question 29

Exposure to alcohol during fetal growth may cause _____.​

A)​permanent delays in mental development
B)behavioral problems
C)ADHD
D)permanent delays in mental development and behavioral problems
E)​AHDH and autism spectrum disorders

Question 30

Which food additives were related to the development of hyperactivity in a study involving a large group of children?​

A)​blue and green food colorants
B)red,yellow,and orange food colorants
C)sodium benzoate
D)red,yellow,orange,blue,and green food colorants
E)​red,yellow,and orange food colorants,and sodium benzoate

Question 31

A source of lead most likely includes _____.​

A)​paint in newer homes only
B)pipes only
C)electronics only
D)paint in newer homes and pipes
E)​cooking pans and sprays

Question 32

Avoiding illness and curing or diminishing current health problems are strong incentives for changing food choices.​

Question 33

The effects of malnutrition are most severe when it occurs _____.​

A)​between the ages of 25 and 35
B)between the ages of 35 and 45
C)while the lungs are growing and developing
D)while the heart is growing and developing
E)​while the brain is growing and developing​

Question 34

Henry finds that his snack choices are high in calories and decides he would like to make healthier choices.Which initial change would provide him with the best chance for sustained improvement in his snacking behavior?​

A)​Eliminate snacks entirely from the diet to avoid the temptation of making unhealthy choices.
B)Snack only on low-calorie foods,such as vegetables.
C)Never eat his favorite snack foods again to reduce calorie intake.
D)Replace one snack per day with a healthier choice,such as fruit.
E)​Simply adopt a broad notion to eat less each day.

Question 35

Sound knowledge about good nutrition is enough to ensure that healthy changes in the diet will be made for nearly all people.​

Question 36

What is a common dietary event that impairs learning in U.S.children?​

A)​a high-protein diet
B)skipping breakfast
C)intake of preservatives
D)intake of food dyes
E)​a diet low in polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 37

People reject foods that bring them discomfort,guilt,and unpleasant memories,and those that _____.​

A)​are unhealthy
B)are expensive
C)are unfamiliar
D)run contrary to their values and beliefs
E)​are not the desired texture

Question 38

A relationship exists between _____.​

A)​vitamin and mineral supplements and increased intelligence in children
B)fetal exposure to alcohol and violent behavior
C)iron-deficiency anemia in young children and long-term deficits in learning ability
D)sugar intake in children and hyperactivity
E)​excessive exposure to lead in children and arrhythmias

Question 39

Potatoes,rice,corn,and yucca are foods that have cultural significance in specific countries and may be referred to as "_____."​

A)​nutrient dense
B)super foods
C)favorite foods
D)starchy foods
E)​junk food

Question 40

Humans are born with _____.​

A)​the ability to instinctively choose foods that provide all essential nutrients
B)a natural preference for bitter-tasting foods
C)mechanisms that help them select a well-balanced diet
D)mechanisms that help them decide when and how much to eat
E)​a natural preference for high-calorie foods

Question 41

Which of the following people will be the most likely to succeed in making dietary modifications?​

A)​Kathy,who is unsure that dietary changes can be made but is willing to try
B)Melinda,who has learned about basic nutrition concepts through a mandatory workshop provided by her employer
C)Justine,who lives in a community that has introduced many initiative programs on nutrition and exercisec
D)Madison,who has taken a nutrition course and would be classified as an "unconcerned" consumer.
E)​Amelia,who believes that nutrition is a vital component of health

Question 42

An effective strategy for improving a person's diet is to _____.​

A)​set broad goals
B)make small acceptable changes
C)make drastic changes
D)make a number of changes at once
E)​give up after a relapse and start over

Question 43

If nutritional therapy is given to a child who has experienced severe malnutrition during infancy,which factor is likely to improve?​

A)​growth
B)academic performance
C)dropout ratec
D)risk of ADHD
E)​reaction time

Question 44

Taste is closely aligned with _____.​

A)​health status
B)level of hunger
C)sight
D)smell
E)​touch

Question 45

Taste is a major factor influencing food choices and appears to affect the reinforcing value of food and _____.​

A)​social skills
B)risk of chronic disease
C)blood pressure
D)body weight
E)​blood glucose levels

Question 46

Karl is taking a nutrition class and has decided that his diet needs improvement.He has learned about many different types of foods,nutrients,and health problems associated with diet.Karl enjoys eating some types of vegetables but does not like fruit.A few of Karl's biggest dietary concerns include implementing strategies for losing body fat,increasing dietary fiber,and decreasing his late-night snacking.Karl normally skips breakfast to be able to sleep an extra 15 minutes before running to his first class of the day.His first meal of the day is around 3 p.m.and consists of convenient foods found in the university union such as Chinese food,a burger and fries,or a few slices of pizza and a cola.After his afternoon lunch he relaxes with friends who often play video or computer games.Around 8:30 p.m.Karl and his friend order take-out or drive to the nearby fast-food restaurant for a tasty meal before starting to study.Throughout his night-time studying Karl snacks on potato chips,pretzels,and more cola.Karl's bed time is around 2 a.m
Karl's favorite foods are hamburgers,pizza,and fried Chinese foods.What is the best strategy to help him implement and maintain dietary modifications?​

A)​Eliminate all hamburgers,pizza,and Chinese food.
B)Start eating only vegetables for lunch and dinner every day.
C)Replace one meal a day with a healthier choice,such as a grilled chicken sandwich on whole-grain bread and a serving of steamed vegetables.
D)Consume these favorite foods only once a month.
E)​Stop eating supper with friends because they seem to be a bad influence.

Question 47

Karl is taking a nutrition class and has decided that his diet needs improvement.He has learned about many different types of foods,nutrients,and health problems associated with diet.Karl enjoys eating some types of vegetables but does not like fruit.A few of Karl's biggest dietary concerns include implementing strategies for losing body fat,increasing dietary fiber,and decreasing his late-night snacking.Karl normally skips breakfast to be able to sleep an extra 15 minutes before running to his first class of the day.His first meal of the day is around 3 p.m.and consists of convenient foods found in the university union such as Chinese food,a burger and fries,or a few slices of pizza and a cola.After his afternoon lunch he relaxes with friends who often play video or computer games.Around 8:30 p.m.Karl and his friend order take-out or drive to the nearby fast-food restaurant for a tasty meal before starting to study.Throughout his night-time studying Karl snacks on potato chips,pretzels,and more cola.Karl's bed time is around 2 a.m
Which dietary behavior is the healthiest modification that may help Karl in general eat better?​

A)​continuing to skip breakfast to balance his intake of calories later in the day and evening
B)self-monitoring his calorie intake and weight
C)eating breakfast,skipping lunch,and having a large,well-balanced dinner
D)replacing all the carbohydrates in his diet with protein
E)​giving himself a "free" day to eat whatever he wants

Question 48

Five-year-old children in Costa Rica treated for iron-deficiency anemia during infancy scored _____ than similar children without a history of anemia.​

A)​lower on hand-eye coordination and other motor skill tests
B)higher on problem-solving skills
C)lower on reading skills
D)lower on attention-span tests
E)​higher on memory tests

Question 49

Supertasters are very sensitive to _____.​

A)​a sour taste
B)a bitter taste
C)a salty taste
D)nutrient toxicities
E)​nutrient deficiencies

Question 50

Donald is looking to make healthy changes to his diet by modifying his food choices.Which principle should he follow to help ensure a positive outcome?​

A)​Donald should begin by identifying food choices he would like to change.
B)Donald should attempt a change that his best friend wants him to make to encourage social support.
C)Donald should focus on the three most problematic areas of his diet and make changes to each.
D)Donald should identify the diet-related behavior that will require the most will power to modify and focus on this behavior first.
E)​Donald should attempt drastic changes to his diet in order to lose weight quickly.

Question 51

Protein-calorie malnutrition severe enough to cause permanent delays in mental development _____.​

A)​has substantially increased in recent decades
B)has substantially decreased in recent decades
C)rarely occurs in developing countries
D)often occurs in the United States
E)​rarely occurs in the United States

Question 52

Approximately _____% of the U.S.population are supertasters.​

A)​15
B)25
C)35
D)45
E)​55

Question 53

Karl is taking a nutrition class and has decided that his diet needs improvement.He has learned about many different types of foods,nutrients,and health problems associated with diet.Karl enjoys eating some types of vegetables but does not like fruit.A few of Karl's biggest dietary concerns include implementing strategies for losing body fat,increasing dietary fiber,and decreasing his late-night snacking.Karl normally skips breakfast to be able to sleep an extra 15 minutes before running to his first class of the day.His first meal of the day is around 3 p.m.and consists of convenient foods found in the university union such as Chinese food,a burger and fries,or a few slices of pizza and a cola.After his afternoon lunch he relaxes with friends who often play video or computer games.Around 8:30 p.m.Karl and his friend order take-out or drive to the nearby fast-food restaurant for a tasty meal before starting to study.Throughout his night-time studying Karl snacks on potato chips,pretzels,and more cola.Karl's bed time is around 2 a.m
Overall,what is the best strategy to help Karl meet his nutrition and health goals?​

A)​Take another nutrition course.
B)Make a major diet and lifestyle overhaul.
C)Select a couple of specific dietary or lifestyle changes that will improve his overall health.
D)Stop playing video games with friends.
E)​Cook all of his meals himself.

Question 54

Occupational exposure to lead in adults is associated with _____.​

A)​decreased problem-solving skills and hyperactivity
B)a shorter attention span
C)a low body weight and sleep apnea
D)decreased motor skills
E)​poor kidney function and the risk of hypertension

Question 55

Which factor has the greatest impact on food selection for most people in the U.S.?​

A)​culture
B)cost
C)religious beliefs
D)education
E)​preference

Question 56

Severe protein and calorie deficiency early in life leads to _____.​

A)​low intelligence
B)social passivity
C)poor kidney function​
D)low intelligence and social passivity
E)​social aggressiveness and cardiac problems

Question 57

Supertasters tend _____.​

A)​not to eat citrus fruits such as lemons,oranges,and limes
B)to drink beverages such as tea and wine
C)not to eat vegetables such as brussels sprouts,cabbage,and broccoli
D)to describe themselves as "meat and potato eaters"
E)​to believe that dietary choices are important to health and well-being

Question 58

"Vacillating" consumers _____.​

A)​are not concerned about the connection between diet and health
B)believe a healthy diet is not an important part of preventing illness
C)consistently select nutritious food and strive for health
D)tend to vary their food choices depending on the occasion
E)​tend to describe themselves as "meat and potato eaters"

Question 59

What is likely the most common single nutrient deficiency?​

A)​magnesium
B)calcium
C)iron
D)vitamin D
E)​vitamin E

Question 60

Sensitivity to the basic tastes varies among individuals and the differences appear to be strongly influenced by _____.​

A)​genetic factors
B)food texture
C)food temperature
D)cultural influences
E)​level of hunger

Question 61

Match each dietary characteristic with the appropriate behavioral outcome.
a.increased antisocial behavior in childhood
b.improved growth and intellectual functioning in adulthood
c.slower reaction times
d.moderate increases in hyperactivity in susceptible children
e.higher risk of violent and aggressive behavior
f.long-term deficits in learning ability and social skills
g.permanent delays in mental development
​malnutrition

Question 62

Match each dietary characteristic with the appropriate behavioral outcome.
a.increased antisocial behavior in childhood
b.improved growth and intellectual functioning in adulthood
c.slower reaction times
d.moderate increases in hyperactivity in susceptible children
e.higher risk of violent and aggressive behavior
f.long-term deficits in learning ability and social skills
g.permanent delays in mental development
lead consumption​

Question 63

Match each dietary characteristic with the appropriate behavioral outcome.
a.increased antisocial behavior in childhood
b.improved growth and intellectual functioning in adulthood
c.slower reaction times
d.moderate increases in hyperactivity in susceptible children
e.higher risk of violent and aggressive behavior
f.long-term deficits in learning ability and social skills
g.permanent delays in mental development
​fetal exposure to alcohol

Question 64

Match each dietary characteristic with the appropriate behavioral outcome.
a.increased antisocial behavior in childhood
b.improved growth and intellectual functioning in adulthood
c.slower reaction times
d.moderate increases in hyperactivity in susceptible children
e.higher risk of violent and aggressive behavior
f.long-term deficits in learning ability and social skills
g.permanent delays in mental development
iron deficiency in young children

Question 65

Match each dietary characteristic with the appropriate behavioral outcome.
a.increased antisocial behavior in childhood
b.improved growth and intellectual functioning in adulthood
c.slower reaction times
d.moderate increases in hyperactivity in susceptible children
e.higher risk of violent and aggressive behavior
f.long-term deficits in learning ability and social skills
g.permanent delays in mental development
nutritional supplementation of malnourished young children​

Question 66

Match each dietary characteristic with the appropriate behavioral outcome.
a.increased antisocial behavior in childhood
b.improved growth and intellectual functioning in adulthood
c.slower reaction times
d.moderate increases in hyperactivity in susceptible children
e.higher risk of violent and aggressive behavior
f.long-term deficits in learning ability and social skills
g.permanent delays in mental development
​ingestion of certain color dye additives

Question 67

Match each dietary characteristic with the appropriate behavioral outcome.
a.increased antisocial behavior in childhood
b.improved growth and intellectual functioning in adulthood
c.slower reaction times
d.moderate increases in hyperactivity in susceptible children
e.higher risk of violent and aggressive behavior
f.long-term deficits in learning ability and social skills
g.permanent delays in mental development
very low carbohydrate intake​

Question 68

​Outline a plan to change a food choice for the better and give a specific example for each step.

Question 69

​Discuss the factors that enhance food intake changes.

Question 70

Discuss the behavioral changes that help people in general eat better.​