Deck 5: Nationalism, Revolution, and Dictatorship: Asia

Question 1

How is the Comintern best described?

A)It was the ruling bloc in the Soviet Union.
B)It is the alternative name for the Chinese Communist Party.
C)It was an organization of Communist parties committed to world revolution.

Answer 1

It was an organization of Communist parties committed to world revolution.

Question 2

Chiang Kai-shek's failure to modernize China included all except which of the following?

A)The impact of the Great Depression
B)Chiang's unwillingness to consider any major economic or social reforms
C)The incursion of Japanese military and political forces in the North

Answer 2

Chiang's unwillingness to consider any major economic or social reforms

Question 3

When Chiang Kai-shek established the Nanjing Republic in 1928, he declared his commitment to which of the following principles?

A)Lenin's theory of world Communist revolution
B)The April Theses
C)Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles

Answer 3

Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles

Question 4

Which of the following best describes nationalism?

A)It is a phenomenon of the late twentieth century and the sense of being connected to all kinds of people across the globe.
B)It is a state of mind rising out of an awareness of being part of a community that possesses common institutions, traditions, language, and customs.
C)It is mostly a product of colonialism and a reaction against Western imperial rule.

Question 5

Ataturk attempted to achieve which of the following goals?

A)Reconquer Mecca and Medina.
B)Drive the Turks out of Asia Minor.
C)Transform Turkey into a modern secular republic.

Question 6

Which Middle Eastern mandate was divided between a Shia majority in the countryside, an urban Sunni minority, and a northern Kurdish population?

A)Iran
B)Iraq
C)Syria

Question 7

By 1920, which of the following best describes China's political situation?

A)Central authority had almost ceased to exist.
B)Sun Yat-sen's Nationalists controlled all of China except Tibet.
C)The CPP and the Nationalists formed a long-lasting and satisfactory coalition.

Question 8

A famous example of Communist-bourgeois political collaboration in the 1920s was in which country?

A)China
B)The Soviet Union
C)Japan

Question 9

How is the Long March best described?

A)It refers to Chiang Kai-shek's campaign to reconquer northern China from the warlords.
B)It refers to Gandhi's plodding 200 miles to the sea in his Salt March.
C)It refers to the bloody retreat of the Chinese Communists to Yan'an after Guomindang persecution.

Question 10

How is the May Fourth Movement in China best described?

A)It was a military effort to prevent the success of Yuan Shikai's attempt to make himself emperor.
B)It signified the beginning of nationalist persecution of Chinese communism and the Long March.
C)It resulted from demonstrations against the award of Shandong Province to Japan by the Paris Peace Conference.

Question 11

In his Diary of Madman, Lu Xun attacked which of the following?

A)Western individualism and materialism
B)The Confucian concept of the family
C)Japanese economic and political demands

Question 12

By the mid-1930s, how is China best described?

A)It was almost completely industrialized.
B)It was still producing about 75 percent of its goods by the traditional craft processes.
C)Industrialization still had no impact or influence.

Question 13

Which royal dynasty came to power in Iran in 1925?

A)The Seljuk dynasty
B)The Pahlavi dynasty
C)The Qajar dynasty

Question 14

Why did Marxism initially lack appeal in many non-Western countries?

A)Communism was based upon internationalism instead of nationalism.
B)Marxism, a Western ideology, was committed to colonialism.
C)Marx was Jewish, a Western religion.

Question 15

The New Culture Movement in China embraced which of the following?

A)Science and democracy
B)Confucius
C)Japanese influence

Question 16

The Balfour Declaration included which vague commitment?

A)It would end Ottoman rule in Egypt.
B)It would establish Britain a mandate over Jordan and Iraq.
C)It would support the creation of a national homeland for the Jews in Palestine.

Question 17

Lenin's two-stage revolution for Asia and Africa envisioned which of the following?

A)A proletarian socialist stage to be followed by a national democratic stage.
B)A national democratic stage followed by a proletarian socialist stage.
C)An aristocratic authoritarian stage followed by a national democratic stage.

Question 18

How are the Young Turks best described?

A)They were originally inspired by the earlier nationalist movement of Young Ireland.
B)They wanted the Ottoman Empire to be ruled only by Turkish peoples.
C)They hoped to reestablish a constitution and a legislative assembly in the Ottoman Empire.

Question 19

In which Middle Eastern state were vast reserves of oil discovered in 1938?

A)Turkey
B)Iran
C)Saudi Arabia

Question 20

How is the Indian Rebellion (or Sepoy Mutiny)best described?

A)It was led by Sikhs and Gurkhas as a religious movement.
B)It was a rebellion of India's Hindus against the Muslim Mughal dynasty.
C)It was a mostly uncoordinated but still significant revolt within the Indian army against British rule.

Question 21

All were true of the Indian National Congress except which of the following?

A)It demanded immediate independence instead of self-rule.
B)Most of its members were Hindus.
C)Most of its activists were English-trained.

Question 22

What kind of people were early anticolonial activists?

Question 23

By the end of World War II, which country was Latin America's major industrial power?

A)Argentina
B)Brazil
C)Chile

Question 24

What was the focus of early anticolonial leaders?

Question 25

Japan's dual economy referred to which of the following?

A)Marxist communism and Western-style liberal capitalism
B)Gandhian socialism and zaibatsu- ian industrialism
C)Modern industry and traditional small-scale manufacturing

Question 26

Which of the following best describes Japan's economy between 1900 and 1930?

A)Exports declined disastrously.
B)The population was reduced to less than 40 million, down from 50 million.
C)Industrial production increased twelvefold.

Question 27

Describe the INC's early demands.

Question 28

Diego Rivera is best known as which of the following?

A)As a Mexican muralist
B)As a Mexican author that celebrated the ideal life of the gaucho
C)As a Brazilian leader who forced industrialization on his country

Question 29

How is Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party (the PRI)by the 1930s best described?

A)It was completely democratic.
B)It was democratic in name only.
C)It was modeled upon Benito Mussolini's fascist party.

Question 30

How is the Good Neighbor policy best described?

A)It was instituted by the United Fruit Company in an attempt to increase profits.
B)It was the result of the Mexican Revolution of 1910.
C)It promised better relations between the United States and Latin America.

Question 31

Which of the following was a major challenge faced by Japan's Shidehara diplomacy in the 1920s?

A)Peacefully acquiring raw materials and foreign markets for manufactured goods
B)Keeping the United States out of China by military force if necessary
C)Defeating Czarist Russia in Manchuria

Question 32

In Japan, the zaibatsu refer to which of the following?

A)They were organizers of the Communist labor movement.
B)They were large financial and industrial conglomerates.
C)They were committed to economic and social equality.

Question 33

Latin America, as a result of World War I, experienced which of the following foreign interventions?

A)The British increased their economic investments and involvement.
B)The United States increased its role in the local economies.
C)German investments decreased but western European investments increased.

Question 34

How is the Latin American economy at the end of the 1920s best described?

A)It was based upon industrial production and the export of manufactured goods.
B)It was still largely based upon the export of raw materials and foodstuffs.
C)It depended upon the import of extensive raw materials.

Question 35

Which Mexican politician redistributed 44 million acres of land and took over and nationalized the foreign oil interests?

A)Porfirio Diaz
B)Francisco Madero
C)Lazaro Cardenas

Question 36

Which early Indian nationalist hoped to convince the British to institute various reforms instead of complete independence?

A)Sutan Sjahrir
B)Saya San
C)Gopal Gokhale

Question 37

Describe Mustafa Kemal's reforms.

Question 38

In Japan, by 1920, which of the following best describes its political situation?

A)It was obvious that fascism would triumph.
B)It appeared that democracy had been successfully established.
C)Assassination and violence threatened to topple the government.

Question 39

How did the Amritsar Massacre affect Indian opinion of colonial rule?

Question 40

What became of formerly Ottoman territories in the Middle East after World War I?

Question 41

What political changes occurred in Iran during the 1930s?

Question 42

Why did Porfirio Diaz resign in 1910?

Question 43

What were the main motivations of the May Fourth Movement?

Question 44

How had Japan's relations with Europe and the United States changed by the early 1930s?

Question 45

What was the intent of the Twenty-One Demands?

Question 46

Why did the Guomindang's modernization initiatives fail?

Question 47

Why were the Guomindang and the CCP allies for much of the 1920s?

Question 48

To what extent did the new Turkey resemble the old Ottoman Empire? What important differences were there between these states?

Question 49

What was the zaibatsu, and why it is important?

Question 50

What were the main points of the New Culture Movement?

Question 51

What was the "Estado Novo," and why was it significant?

Question 52

What was Mohandas Gandhi's anticolonial resistance strategy?

A)Building up a substantial number of legal challenges that showed the duplicity of British rule in India
B)Encouraging Indians to refuse to migrate and instead join revolutionary causes
C)Pursuing only nonviolent confrontation to reveal the strong moral basis for independence

Question 53

What methods of anticolonial resistance did Gandhi promote? Why did he promote these over others? What results did they have?

Question 54

What was the Balfour Declaration, and why was it significant?

Question 55

Describe relations between the Guomindang and the CCP from 1927 to 1935.

Question 56

How successful were early anticolonial activists? What helped their success and what hindered it?

Question 57

What was the object of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt during the interwar years?

Question 58

In 1919, hundreds of Indians were killed by British troops in which city?

A)Delhi
B)Amritsar
C)Bombay

Question 59

What was the purpose of the Comintern? Where was it most active and why? What successes did it have?

Question 60

How did European imperialism and political influence affect growing nationalist and Islamic revivalist movements across the Middle East?

Question 61

Which Indian politician is best described as dedicated to secular, rational, upper-class, and intellectual causes?

A)Mohandas Gandhi
B)BalwantraoTilak
C)Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 62

From the remnants of the Ottoman Empire, all or part of these countries came into existence except which of the following?

A)Kurdistan
B)Armenia
C)Syria

Question 63

To what extent had the Guomindang succeeded in its efforts to modernize by 1935?

Question 64

By the 1920s, the British response to the various groups of Indian nationalists was which of the following?

A)Grant immediate independence.
B)Give some Indians a somewhat greater role in the governing process.
C)Negotiate with only Hindus; India's Muslims were only a small minority.

Question 65

What similarities and differences were there between Emiliano Zapata's revolt and Pancho Villa's revolt? Were they more alike or more different?

Question 66

Describe the alliance between the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party. On what points did they agree? Why did they fall out?

Question 67

By the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire was following which policy?

A)It was attempting to reform itself but ultimately failed to do so.
B)It was attempting to reclaim lost territories in the Middle East.
C)It was turning its back on its Islamic past in order to modernize and survive.

Question 68

How did the Great Depression affect Latin America?

Question 69

What was the relationship between the power of the zaibatsu and Japanese expansion? How did Japanese expansion affect Japanese democracy?