Deck 13: Nationalism Triumphant: The Emergence of Independence

Question 1

Why did Gandhi warn that the division of India would lead to an "orgy of blood"?

A)He feared that Hindus and Muslims would see partition as an excuse to attack each other.
B)He knew that the Chinese were preparing to invade if India was partitioned.
C)He thought that radical Indian nationalists were planning a rebellion against the new government.

Answer 1

He knew that the Chinese were preparing to invade if India was partitioned.

Question 2

The breakup of Pakistan in 1971 created which new country?

A)Sri Lanka
B)East Pakistan
C)Bangladesh

Answer 2

Bangladesh

Question 3

How are the issues of caste in India best described?

A)They have mostly disappeared due to the prohibition of caste in the constitution of 1950.
B)They continue to have considerable significance despite constitutional guarantees of equality.
C)They are only of significance in the Ganges valley but not in southern India.

Answer 3

They continue to have considerable significance despite constitutional guarantees of equality.

Question 4

After achieving independence, most of the nations of Southeast Asia modeled their new governments on which of the following examples?

A)Western democratic models
B)The Maoist organization
C)Their precolonial traditions

Question 5

Due to pressure by the international community, in the late 1990s, Indonesia was forced to grant independence to which region?

A)East Timor
B)Aceh
C)Borneo

Question 6

In July 1946, the United States granted independence to which colony?

A)Okinawa
B)Puerto Rico
C)The Philippines

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of Hindu militancy?

A)The assassination of Indira Gandhi
B)The destruction of a mosque at Ayodhya
C)Support for the Sinhalese faction in Sri Lanka

Question 8

Independence in Southeast Asia did not lead to material prosperity for which of the following reasons?

A)The West refused to provide financial or technological assistance.
B)Muslim and Buddhist religious beliefs and practices were by nature anti-materialistic.
C)Southeast Asia lacked trained leaders, educational resources, and capital because of previous colonial policies.

Question 9

By the end of the twentieth century, India's middle class numbered how many people?

A)About 100 million
B)About 10 million
C)About 25 million

Question 10

How is the status of women in India best described?

A)Women gained equality with men after independence, and it has become a core value of the new republic across all of Indian society.
B)Women generally gained greater equality with men after independence, but caste and class heavily influence women's lived experiences.
C)Women are typically still considered property of men, despite several attempts to achieve reform.

Question 11

After independence, India faced which problem?

A)An effective Muslim majority throughout many of India's provinces
B)The permanent loss of Kashmir and Hyderabad to Pakistan
C)The poverty and the illiteracy of the majority of the population thanks to colonial policies

Question 12

Which of the following has prevented deeper political unity in India?

A)A loss of faith in traditional Hindu practices and religions
B)Its further division into Bengal, Hyderabad, and India
C)There are fourteen official languages

Question 13

In recent decades, the Indian government has followed which of the following policies?

A)It has relied increasingly on capitalist principles and globalization.
B)It has abandoned industrialization in favor of modern agricultural reform.
C)It has used the Peoples' Republic of China as a paradigm for economic development.

Question 14

India's constitution, based upon Great Britain's parliamentary system, was less democratic than it appeared for what reason?

A)Initially Nehru ruled by dictatorial decree.
B)For many years India was a one-party state.
C)The custom of untouchability remained legal.

Question 15

Which Pakistani leader eventually succeeded her father as prime minister?

A)Sirimavo Bandaranaike
B)Sonia Khan
C)Benazir Bhutto

Question 16

Which Indonesian nationalist leader led the struggle for independence against the Dutch?

A)Suharto
B)Sukarno
C)Ho Chi Minh

Question 17

India's "Green Revolution" had what result?

A)It doubled grain production between 1960 and 1980.
B)It increased the demand for farm labor, thus leading to greater peasant prosperity.
C)It brought wealth to all rural Indians.

Question 18

What event finally drove Suharto from power in 1998?

A)Violent street riots and popular anger
B)A widespread environmental crisis
C)A Muslim revolution

Question 19

By 1950, U.S. pressure on the Dutch led to the independence of which country?

A)Malaysia
B)Vietnam
C)Indonesia

Question 20

Riots erupted in East Pakistan in 1952 over the government's decision to do which of the following?

A)Make Bengali the official language.
B)Make Urdu the official language.
C)Allow Hindus to worship publicly.

Question 21

How are Southeast Asia's urban residents best described?

A)They have entirely abandoned their own cultural roots in favor of Western culture.
B)They have maintained many of their cultural practices.
C)They have generally become more religious in their new urban environment.

Question 22

How did Pakistan become a military-ruled state?

Question 23

Describe Indira Gandhi's policies.

Question 24

Why did Myanmar's treatment of the Rohingya earn international condemnation?

A)Myanmar's policies were misunderstood in the Western media.
B)Myanmar's policies amounted to a genocide and mass exile of Rohingya minorities.
C)Myanmar's policies did not take into account the regional impact of resettling Rohingya in India.

Question 25

In general, historically the women of Southeast Asia have had what experience?

A)They have had fewer restrictions and enjoyed a higher status than elsewhere in Asia.
B)They were typically excluded from political and social participation.
C)They have mostly been dominant in the region's thriving commerce.

Question 26

Why were both Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi assassinated?

Question 27

What was Southeast Asia's experience of the 2008 global financial crisis?

A)It created some hardships, but overall, most economies proved fairly resilient.
B)It created a serious credit crunch hampering local economic development significantly.
C)It provided new opportunities for many countries to enter into competitive markets.

Question 28

Initially, ASEAN concentrated upon which of the following?

A)Military and political security
B)Economic and social cooperation
C)Health and safety reforms

Question 29

Why did such serious communal violence erupt on partition in 1947?

Question 30

How is Jawaharlal Nehru's political position best described?

A)He was opposed to the British parliamentary system because of its associations with authoritarian colonialism.
B)He was influenced by British socialism and patterned his economic program after that of the British Labor Party.
C)He aligned India with the West during the Cold War.

Question 31

The reunification of Vietnam under Communist rule in 1975 was followed by which of the following?

A)The emergence of a brutal revolutionary regime in Cambodia
B)Laos turning to the West for assistance in maintaining its independence
C)An insurrection in South Vietnam protesting unification and another guerrilla conflict

Question 32

Who was internationally recognized for opposing the Myanmar military regime?

A)U Nu
B)Aung San Suu Kyi
C)Megawati Sukarnoputri

Question 33

The BJP's nationalist policies have produced conflict in Kashmir for what reason?

A)It is a Muslim-governed area of India with majority Hindu residents.
B)It is a Hindu-governed area of India with majority Muslim residents.
C)It is Pakistani territory that India has taken by force.

Question 34

How is India's BJP best described?

A)It is a centrist party with a secular, all-India platform.
B)It is an extreme nationalist party favoring Hindus.
C)It is a revived communist party.

Question 35

What vision of independent India did the INC have in the 1940s?

Question 36

Which political organization ultimately massacred more than 1 million Cambodians?

A)The Khmer Rouge under Pol Pot
B)The Vietminh under Ho Chi Minh
C)The People's Liberation Army under Mao Zedong

Question 37

The major region of violent confrontation between India and Pakistan has been focused on what region?

A)Kashmir
B)Sri Lanka
C)Bangladesh

Question 38

How have American media typically been received in Southeast Asia?

A)As expressive of admirable values and character
B)As permissive of behaviors considered immoral
C)As not very important or interesting

Question 39

Describe Pakistan's government immediately after partition in 1947.

Question 40

When did India receive its independence?

A)1947
B)1948
C)1953

Question 41

What was the New Order?

Question 42

What role did war and civil conflict play in shaping the early Indian republic?

Question 43

How did the Philippines gain their independence?

Question 44

Why was Aung San Suu Kyi awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991?

Question 45

What is the purpose of ASEAN?

Question 46

What criticisms of Gandhi does V. S. Naipaul make?

Question 47

What was Musharraf's role in the United States-led invasion of Afghanistan?

Question 48

How are the BJP's policies different to those of the INC?

Question 49

Why did East Pakistan break away and form its own country of Bangladesh?

Question 50

How did Malaya gain its independence?

Question 51

How did Burma achieve independence?

Question 52

Why did so many people demand Aung San Suu Kyi's Nobel Peace Prize be stripped in 2016?

Question 53

How does gender affect lived experiences in contemporary India?

Question 54

Describe the differences between Gandhi and Nehru. On which points did they agree?

Question 55

What are the common themes of Southeast Asian literary works?

Question 56

How did Sukarno come to power in postcolonial Indonesia?

Question 57

How did the 2008 global financial crisis affect Vietnam?

Question 58

Why was the INC's one-party rule tolerated in India?

Question 59

Independent India's political system was organized according to which model?

A)The Soviet Union
B)The Unites States
C)Great Britain

Question 60

Under Nehru, how is independent India's foreign policy best described?

A)It was aligned with the United States and the West.
B)It maintained a position of neutrality in the Cold War.
C)It supported the Soviet Union and the Comintern.

Question 61

To what extent does the destruction of the Vietnam War continue to influence Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia? To what extent has each moved on?

Question 62

By 1975, why had the government of Indira Gandhi lost popularity?

A)Due to a military defeat in a border war against Pakistan
B)Because of its pursuit of Western materialism
C)Due to corruption and Gandhi's authoritarian manner

Question 63

What effects has climate change had on Southeast Asian politics, economies, and societies?

Question 64

Why has the standard of equality established for women in the Indian constitution been insufficient to guarantee equality in real life?

Question 65

How did the military regime in Burma/Myanmar come to an end? To what extent has the end of SLORC resulted in the end of internal state violence?

Question 66

In comparison to her father, Indira Gandhi took which position?

A)She believed in free-market capitalism.
B)She had no interest in agricultural reform.
C)She was more the activist such as in the area of population control.

Question 67

How did the Cold War affect decolonization in Indonesia?

Question 68

Describe Suharto's rise and fall. What groups were instrumental in maintaining his rule, and what groups were most influential in causing his fall?

Question 69

Why were the principles of secular rule so important to early Indian framers? To what extent did the INC live up to this ideal? To what extent does the BJP oppose it?

Question 70

Mohammed Ali Jinnah argued what about the new state of Pakistan?

A)It would be an Islamic state and that no other religions would be tolerated.
B)It must guarantee religious freedom and equal treatment for all.
C)It would be ruled by a military aristocracy.

Question 71

How has Pakistan been affected by the rise of militant Islamic groups in central Asia? To what extent has it been able to solve problems created by these groups?

Question 72

How has globalization affected contemporary Southeast Asian economies, cultures, and societies?

Question 73

How was Malayan and Indonesian decolonization similar? In what ways was it different?

Question 74

Indira Gandhi was assassinated in 1984 by whom?

A)Militant Sikhs who were angry at her order to seize the Sikh Golden Temple in Amritsar
B)Radical Tamil Tigers who were frustrated with India's attempt to end Tamil violence in Sri Lanka
C)Angry Pakistani Muslims who resented India's continued control of Kashmir