Deck 13: Nutrition for Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

The most significant nutritional concern for a patient with an ileostomy is

A) fat malabsorption and steatorrhea.
B) dumping syndrome.
C) loss of fluid and electrolytes.
D) malabsorption of protein and carbohydrates.

Answer 1

C
For a patient with an ileostomy,digestive output exits the body instead of passing through the colon,the major site of absorption of water and electrolytes.Digestion and absorption of protein,carbohydrate,and fat are not usually affected.Dumping syndrome is caused by a partial or total gastrectomy.

Question 2

A patient with lactose intolerance would be most likely to experience symptoms if he or she ate a

A) cup of pudding.
B) turkey sandwich with Swiss cheese.
C) biscuit with butter and honey.
D) cup of sherbet.

Answer 2

A
A cup of pudding would contain a cup of milk;most individuals with lactose intolerance can only tolerate to cup milk at one time.Sherbet,Swiss cheese,biscuits,and butter all have low levels of lactose.

Question 3

The most helpful recommendation for a client who often experiences heartburn at night would be to

A) avoid eating within 4 hours of going to bed.
B) increase the fiber content of the diet.
C) decrease the fiber content of the diet.
D) take antacid medications before going to bed.

Answer 3

A
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)usually occurs 1 to 4 hours after eating;therefore,waiting at least 4 hours after eating before going to bed would help prevent heartburn at night.Antacid medications may be helpful but should not be used on a regular basis before other strategies have been tried.Fiber content of the diet does not affect heartburn.

Question 4

An example of a meal that may contain gluten is

A) baked chicken breast with herbed rice.
B) pork chop with sweet potatoes and butter.
C) grilled steak with baked potato and sour cream.
D) roast beef with mashed potatoes and gravy.

Question 5

For patients with inflammatory bowel disease,nutrition therapy is

A) the primary mode of treatment.
B) rarely necessary.
C) an important adjunct to drugs and surgery.
D) highly specialized.

Question 6

If a patient has esophagitis and also has worn tooth enamel,he or she may have

A) a hiatal hernia.
B) fluoride deficiency.
C) an eating disorder.
D) gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Question 7

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)would be most like to occur in someone who uses medication to treat

A) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
B) constipation.
C) celiac disease.
D) joint pain or arthritis.

Question 8

Nutrition therapy for peptic ulcers should be individualized,depending on

A) type of drug treatment.
B) location of the ulcer.
C) patient tolerance.
D) the cause of the ulcer.

Question 9

For patients with ostomies,a lower amount of output occurs

A) if the ostomy is closer to the rectum.
B) if the ostomy is closer to the rectum.
C) with high fiber intake.
D) with high fat intake.

Question 10

Milk may be made suitable for patients with lactose intolerance by treating it with tablets that contain

A) yogurt.
B) lactase enzyme.
C) vitamin D and calcium.
D) Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Question 11

Fluid loss is most likely to be a problem for a patient with

A) a colostomy.
B) a hiatal hernia.
C) an ileostomy.
D) Crohn's disease.

Question 12

If a patient with multiple sclerosis starts coughing frequently during meals and starts to eat significantly less food than normal,the patient may have

A) pneumonia.
B) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
C) peptic ulcer.
D) dysphagia.

Question 13

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease may benefit from a high-fiber diet during

A) acute episodes.
B) times of remission.
C) recovery from surgery.
D) preparation for surgery.

Question 14

Because patients with active Crohn's disease have intestinal inflammation,they benefit from high intake of

A) fat.
B) dietary fiber.
C) simple sugars.
D) protein.

Question 15

The most acute risk for patients with dysphagia is

A) constipation.
B) dehydration.
C) dry mouth.
D) panic attacks.

Question 16

An example of a meal that is likely to relax the lower esophageal sphincter and allow gastroesophageal reflux is

A) pasta with marinara sauce and sourdough bread.
B) ham with rice pilaf.
C) fried chicken and pasta salad.
D) chicken and spinach tortilla wrap and salsa.

Question 17

An appropriate meal for someone with dumping syndrome would be

A) a small vanilla milkshake.
B) cream of mushroom soup.
C) half a turkey sandwich.
D) popcorn and sugar-free soda.

Question 18

If a patient has difficulty swallowing,the best position for eating is

A) propped up in bed with a caregiver by the bedside.
B) sitting upright opposite a caregiver.
C) sitting at a dining table with social dining companions.
D) lying on the left side,with a caregiver by the side.

Question 19

If a patient who has undergone gastric bypass surgery for treatment of extreme obesity experiences sudden sweating,nausea,and stomach cramps after meals,the patient may have

A) gastroesophageal reflux.
B) pancreatitis.
C) peptic ulcer disease.
D) dumping syndrome.

Question 20

For a patient with dysphagia,the food that would be most difficult to swallow is

A) applesauce.
B) mashed potatoes.
C) chocolate pudding.
D) chicken noodle soup.

Question 21

An example of a daily change that may help decrease constipation is

A) drinking tomato juice instead of carbonated beverages with lunch.
B) eating oatmeal and raisins instead of a bagel for breakfast.
C) snacking on pretzels instead of potato chips.
D) eating mashed potatoes instead of pasta with dinner.

Question 22

An example of a high-fiber food item to include with lunch is

A) pasta with tomato sauce and Parmesan cheese.
B) beef tacos with lettuce and tomatoes.
C) an omelet with mushrooms and onions.
D) black bean soup.

Question 23

A possible cause of acute diarrhea is

A) short bowel syndrome.
B) lactose intolerance.
C) emotional stress.
D) celiac disease.

Question 24

Treatment of diarrhea generally begins with

A) a high-fiber,low-fat diet.
B) removal of the cause of diarrhea.
C) adequate fluids to hydrate the patient.
D) a low-fat,low-fiber,or low-lactose diet.

Question 25

If a patient has had a large portion of their small intestine removed because of cancer and is unable to maintain a stable weight,a feeding regimen that would be most appropriate is

A) enteral feedings into the stomach.
B) enteral feedings into the jejunum.
C) parenteral nutrition only.
D) supplemental parenteral nutrition.

Question 26

If a patient receiving chemotherapy is struggling with nausea and vomiting,helpful suggestions may include

A) drinking acidic fruit juices to stimulate gastric juices.
B) being active before and after meals to improve appetite.
C) eating frequent small meals throughout the day.
D) eating foods with plenty of flavor and aroma.

Question 27

The best way to prevent formation of diverticula in the colon is to

A) eat plenty of fruits,vegetables,and whole grains.
B) avoid foods with rough hulls,such as nuts and seeds.
C) use stool softeners to promote daily bowel movements.
D) avoid foods that cause gas and increase pressure in the colon.

Question 28

If a client complains of excessive gas,a good question to ask is whether he or she

A) drinks coffee and tea.
B) has problems with constipation.
C) chews gum.
D) is under a lot of stress.

Question 29

Someone who may benefit from avoiding sugar-free chewing gum is a patient with

A) peptic ulcer disease.
B) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
C) irritable bowel syndrome.
D) celiac disease.

Question 30

In consuming a high-fiber diet,it is important to also consume adequate amounts of

A) fluid.
B) calcium and iron.
C) fat-soluble vitamins.
D) complex carbohydrates.