Deck 10: Immunology and Vaccines

Question 1

The most common type of reaction to a vaccine is

A) local
B) systemic
C) allergic
D) anaphylaxis

Answer 1

local

Question 2

Which immunoglobulin protects the mucous membranes and internal cavities against infection?

A) IgA
B) IgM
C) IgG
D) IgE

Answer 2

IgA

Question 3

Immunity resulting from contracting an infection is called

A) passive acquired immunity
B) artificial active acquired immunity
C) passive artificial acquired immunity
D) natural active acquired immunity

Answer 3

natural active acquired immunity

Question 4

Which of the following is true regarding hypersensitivity reactions?

A) They usually occur from first-time exposure to an antigen.
B) There are four types (I-IV) of sensitivity reactions.
C) They can occur without exposure to an antigen.
D) Both a and b are correct.

Question 5

Vaccines should be considered to be a(n)

A) natural acquired immunity
B) natural passive acquired immunity
C) artificial active immunity
D) artificial passive immunity

Question 6

What is true regarding passive immunity?

A) It provides lifelong protection.
B) It lasts longer than active immunity.
C) It is not permanent.
D) It results from the administration of a vaccine.

Question 7

Which immunoglobulin does the body produce first in response to an antigen?

A) IgA
B) IgM
C) IgG
D) IgE

Question 8

The most effective vaccines are made from

A) inactivated pathogens
B) living organisms
C) toxins
D) extracts

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin is the only one that crosses the placental barrier?

A) IgA
B) IgM
C) IgG
D) IgD

Question 10

The process of weakening a pathogen to be used as a vaccine is called

A) thinning
B) propagation
C) extraction
D) attenuation

Question 11

Which immunoglobulin has the greatest concentration in the blood?

A) IgA
B) IgM
C) IgG
D) IgD

Question 12

Which immune system cell is a nonspecific, phagocytic cell?

A) plasma cells
B) killer cells
C) macrophages
D) mast cells

Question 13

As the third line of defense of the body against infectious organisms, special proteins are produced by the body against foreign substances called

A) antibodies
B) antigens
C) macrophages
D) immunoglobulins

Question 14

An example of active acquired immunity results from the

A) pneumonia vaccine
B) infusion of IVIG
C) infusion of tetanus immunoglobulin
D) coral snake antivenom immunoglobulin

Question 15

A principle component or components of the immune system is/are the

A) skin
B) blood vessels
C) spleen
D) thyroid gland

Question 16

Which immunoglobulin reacts with certain antigens to release histamine, which causes Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

A) IgA
B) IgM
C) IgG
D) IgE

Question 17

What is true regarding live attenuated vaccines?

A) They can only be administered to adult patients.
B) They are often effective with one dose.
C) They usually result in severe reactions.
D) Administration can result in active disease.

Question 18

An example of passive immunity is

A) antibodies being given from mother to fetus through colostrum
B) the pneumococcal vaccine
C) the tetanus toxoid
D) the hepatitis B vaccine

Question 19

The least common and most severe reaction to a vaccine is

A) local
B) systemic
C) allergic
D) idiosyncratic

Question 20

The first line of defense of the body against infectious organisms includes the

A) lymphatic system
B) T-helper cells
C) spleen
D) skin

Question 21

Which serotype of Haemophilus influenzae is responsible for most infections?

A) Type a
B) Type b
C) Type c
D) Type d

Question 22

Administration of the influenza vaccine is contraindicated in patients with which allergy?

A) peanuts
B) shellfish
C) iodine
D) eggs

Question 23

Which of the following statements about H₁N₁ flu is false?

A) It is caused by a virus.
B) Patients receive either one or two vaccines for this type of flu.
C) It became an epidemic first in New Mexico in 2009.
D) Children must be the first people vaccinated against it.

Question 24

Which vaccine is usually given annually to susceptible individuals?

A) polio
B) diphtheria
C) tetanus
D) influenza

Question 25

Pneumonia is usually caused by which organism?

A) streptococcus
B) escherichia coli
C) legionella
D) staphylococcus

Question 26

Which of the following would be considered a positive reaction to a tuberculin skin test?

A) raised red area of 2 to 3 mm in diameter at 6 hours
B) raised red area of 8 to 10 mm in diameter at 36 hours
C) raised red area of 2 to 3 mm in diameter at 48 hours
D) raised red area of 4 to 6 mm in diameter at 24 hours

Question 27

Which disease is the only vaccine-preventable disease that is infectious but not contagious?

A) polio
B) diphtheria
C) tetanus
D) influenza

Question 28

The most common manifestation of mumps in infected persons is

A) pneumonia
B) diarrhea
C) parotitis
D) rash from head to foot

Question 29

Which of the following symptoms is not usually seen in patients with "classic" influenza?

A) nausea/vomiting
B) myalgia
C) fever
D) sore throat

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true about routine vaccinations with meningococcal vaccine in children younger than 2 years of age?

A) They are very expensive.
B) They are ineffective.
C) They cause brain damage.
D) They cause cardiac arrest.

Question 31

How is the influenza vaccine administered in patients older than 9 years of age?

A) two doses of 0.25 mL each, 1 month apart
B) one dose of 0.25 mL
C) two doses of 0.5 mL each, one month apart
D) one dose of 0.5 mL

Question 32

Which of the following diseases is caused by the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus anthracis?

A) smallpox
B) anthrax
C) measles
D) mumps

Question 33

Which of the following diseases is transmitted from animals to people by saliva?

A) rabies
B) pneumonia
C) meningitis
D) tuberculosis

Question 34

Which hepatitis vaccine is recommended for at-risk medical personnel?

A) Hepatitis A vaccine
B) Hepatitis B vaccine
C) Hepatitis C vaccine
D) Hepatitis D vaccine

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the measles vaccine?

A) It is contained in the MMR vaccine.
B) It should be given at birth.
C) At least two doses are recommended, given 4 months apart.
D) It contains a small amount of albumin.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a live attenuated virus vaccine?

A) yellow fever
B) smallpox
C) rabies
D) measles, mumps, rubella

Question 37

Pertussis, an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis , is also called

A) mumps
B) chickenpox
C) measles
D) whooping cough

Question 38

Haemophilus influenzae is common in

A) infants
B) toddlers
C) teenagers
D) elderly individuals

Question 39

During which month should high-risk patients be vaccinated for influenza?

A) January
B) September
C) October
D) December

Question 40

What age group is most susceptible to Haemophilus influenzae infections?

A) infants
B) 6 to 7 month olds
C) 5 to 10 year olds
D) adults

Question 41

A complication that occurs almost exclusively in children taking aspirin, primarily in association with influenza B or varicella zoster is called ____________________.

Question 42

A(n) ____________________ is a condition in a recipient that greatly increases the chances of a serious adverse reaction when a drug is given.

Question 43

Vaccinations should be avoided during pregnancy if they contain ____________________ viruses.

Question 44

The injectable influenza vaccine should only be given by the ____________________ route.

Question 45

The two best known active immunizing agents are diphtheria toxoid and ____________________ toxoid.

Question 46

Pneumococcal vaccines should be administered to all patients over ____________________ years of age and older.

Question 47

The act of giving an injection or other form of antibody to protect an individual from an infectious disease is called ____________________.

Question 48

The most common test for tuberculosis is called the ____________________ or tine test.

Question 49

The term "antibody" is also referred to as a(n) ____________________.

Question 50

Cell-mediated immunity is conferred by activated leukocytes known as ____________________.

Question 51

An antigen is also called a(n) ____________________.

Question 52

The terms antibody and ____________________ are used interchangeably.

Question 53

A skin rash known as erythema migrans is characteristic of ____________________ disease.

Question 54

The ____________________ of the body acts as an effective barrier to most organisms, and very few infectious agents can penetrate it.

Question 55

The term "rubella" means "____________________."

Question 56

The BCG vaccine is indicated for ____________________.

Question 57

An antigen is also called a(n) ____________________.

Question 58

A(n) ____________________ is a condition in a recipient that greatly increases the chances of an adverse event when a drug is given.

Question 59

Children under age 10 need ____________________ vaccines against H₁N₁ virus.

Question 60

The act of giving an injection or other form of antigen to protect an individual from an infectious disease is called a (n) ____________________.

Question 62

A patient presents to the pharmacy with a wound on his foot that occurred after stepping on a rusty nail. He asks about purchasing an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment. What vaccine should be recommended to this patient?

Question 63

What is the difference between active acquired immunity and passive acquired immunity? Give one example of each.

Question 64

A 67-year-old patient comes to the pharmacy and mentions that she never receives the influenza vaccine because she heard it causes influenza in most patients. What can you tell her to educate her on this vaccine? What side effects should she expect if she does receive the vaccine? Why is it important for patients in this age group to receive this vaccine?

Question 65

What is the difference between a contraindication and a precaution as it relates to the administration of a vaccine?