Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

Which amendment forbade the states from denying any person "equal protection under the law"?

A) Tenth
B) Twelfth
C) Thirteenth
D) Fourteenth
E) Fifteenth

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What are Jim Crow laws?

A) Laws that established slavery and contract law regulating the slave trade
B) Laws that justified slavery and set specific codes for the behavior of slaves
C) Laws that the North enforced in the South during the Reconstruction era
D) Laws that were enacted by southern whites in the late nineteenth century to establish segregation policies
E) Laws that sought to end segregation by bringing the races into closer contact with one another

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What kinds of laws were used by southern states to enforce segregation of whites and blacks in all public places?

A) Grandfather
B) Suffrage
C) Misogynist
D) Sedition
E) Jim Crow

Answer 3

E

Question 4

In 1863, during the Civil War, what did President Abraham Lincoln do to make slavery illegal?

A) Signed the Missouri Compromise
B) Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
C) Vetoed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
D) Passed the Eleventh Amendment
E) Declared martial law

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the concept of civil rights?

A) Rights generally accorded all citizens
B) Political rights of speech and assembly
C) Rights extended to citizens from legislative action
D) Guarantees of life, liberty, and property granted to all citizens
E) Powers and privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected by the government to ensure equal protection and freedom from discrimination

Question 6

Which of the following terms refers specifically to the rights of all Americans to equal treatment under the law?

A) Civil liberties
B) Civil rights
C) Common law rights
D) Inalienable rights
E) Natural rights

Question 7

Which clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has been used to launch progress in civil rights?

A) Affirmative action
B) Equal protection
C) Exclusionary rule
D) Supremacy
E) Separation

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the civil rights legislation that was passed by Congress after the Civil War?

A) Much of it was very ineffective and parts were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
B) It played a major role in creating equality for African Americans.
C) It was accepted by the American public.
D) It prevented African Americans from being extended equal public accommodations.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 9

Where can the provision which states that all persons born in the United States are citizens be found?

A) In the Thirteenth Amendment
B) In the Fourteenth Amendment
C) In the Fifteenth Amendment
D) In the Nineteenth Amendment
E) In the Declaration of Independence

Question 10

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court hold that segregation alone did not violate the Constitution?

A) Bakke v. California
B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
C) Lawrence v. Texas
D) Plessy v. Ferguson
E) Scott v. Sandford

Question 11

The separate-but-equal doctrine contends that separate-but-equal facilities do not violate which of the following?

A) The equal protection clause
B) The principle of reverse discrimination
C) The strict scrutiny standard
D) The idea of affirmative action
E) The due process of law restriction

Question 12

What did the U.S. Supreme Court do in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

A) It ruled that African Americans are not persons for the purposes of the Constitution.
B) It tried to stop the development of legal racial segregation known as Jim Crow laws.
C) It stated that schools may not practice any type of racial segregation.
D) It agreed that separation of races is not a violation of the Constitution.
E) It ruled that the practice of slavery must cease before the end of the century.

Question 13

The verdict of Plessy v. Ferguson directly resulted in which of the following?

A) The integration of public schools in the South
B) The development of a system of legalized racial segregation
C) The end of racial segregation
D) A constitutional amendment granting Congress more power to deal authoritatively with racial problems
E) A complex system of busing to alleviate the effects of past racism

Question 14

Which of the following prohibited slavery in the United States?

A) Article V
B) Article IV
C) The Fifteenth Amendment
D) The Tenth Amendment
E) The Thirteenth Amendment

Question 15

In 1896, what did the Supreme Court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson?

A) African Americans, for purposes of the Constitution, are not persons.
B) Former slaves were not to be considered property.
C) Separation of races does not violate the Constitution.
D) Schools may not practice any type of racial segregation.
E) The practice of slavery must cease before 1900.

Question 16

Which statement regarding the Civil War Amendments is correct?

A) The Thirteenth Amendment established the income tax.
B) The Fourteenth Amendment ended slavery.
C) The Fourteenth Amendment asserted that no state shall deny a person due process of law.
D) The Fifteenth Amendment asserted that no state shall deny a citizen equal protection under the law.
E) The Thirteenth Amendment allowed African Americans to vote.

Question 17

Which of the following did the Fifteenth Amendment do?

A) Outlaw slavery
B) Provide equal protection under the law
C) Give 18-year-olds the right to vote
D) State that the right to vote shall not be abridged on account of race
E) Give women the right to vote

Question 18

What did the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolish?

A) Slavery
B) Segregation laws which had come before it
C) Restrictions on due process
D) Slavery in new states or territories
E) Restrictions on the right to vote

Question 19

Where did President Dwight Eisenhower send troops to ensure that black students could go to school?

A) Topeka, Kansas
B) Montgomery, Alabama
C) Little Rock, Arkansas
D) Greensboro, North Carolina
E) Dallas, Texas

Question 20

What is the period after the Civil War where former Confederate states gained readmission to the Union and the federal government passed laws to help emancipated slaves known as?

A) Dual federalism
B) The Civil Rights era
C) The Era of Good Feelings
D) Reconstruction
E) The Progressive era

Question 21

When students at a public elementary school are almost all Latino because most of the residents in the neighborhood are Latino, this is an illustration of what type of segregation?

A) De facto
B) De jure
C) Forced
D) Affirmative
E) Strict

Question 22

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous speech telling the world "I have a dream" during which of the following?

A) The signing ceremony of the Civil Rights Act
B) The March on Washington
C) The Woolworth lunch counter sit-in
D) The Montgomery bus boycott
E) The March on Selma

Question 23

What was the main reason the Brown family brought a lawsuit against the Board of Education in Topeka, Kansas?

A) Linda Brown was not allowed to get a drink of water out of the only drinking fountain at the school because she was not white.
B) Linda Brown allowed a black student to sit next to her in the school lunchroom.
C) Linda Brown boarded a bus that was for black students only.
D) Linda Brown was not allowed to ride the same bus as the white children even though they all went to the same school.
E) Linda Brown was refused admittance to a white-only school because she was black.

Question 24

The Twenty-Fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964, did which of the following?

A) Banned poll taxes in primary and general elections for national office
B) Empowered the attorney general to register potential voters
C) Gave women the right to vote
D) Banned racial discrimination in the rental and sale of most housing
E) Gave state courts the lawful refusal to follow a Supreme Court order

Question 25

What was the grandfather clause used in southern states supposed to do?

A) Prevent African Americans from voting in primary elections, even though they had the right to vote
B) Guarantee the equal rights of senior citizens for employment
C) Deny African Americans the right to vote while protecting whites' right to vote
D) Deny the purchase of land by any person whose grandfather was not white
E) Distribute land to former slaves based on how many generations their family had served a slave owner

Question 26

While the Brown ruling was historic, the ruling itself did little to desegregate schools due to its ambiguous command that schools should desegregate how?

A) With all deliberate speed
B) With all due process
C) With extreme prejudice
D) With all practical manner
E) With all good intent

Question 27

What was the purpose of the poll tax used in many southern states?

A) To prevent northern immigrants from moving to the South and voting in local elections
B) To determine who was intelligent enough to vote
C) To dissuade African Americans and poor whites from voting
D) To force individuals to buy property in order to be eligible to vote
E) To raise funds for voter registration among the minority community

Question 28

What was the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?

A) Ethnic minorities have no rights to equal treatment by the government.
B) Public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) The national government does not have the power to force any type of action on local school boards.
D) Separation of races for a reason such as education is not a violation of the Constitution.
E) African Americans could not be denied the right to a college education.

Question 29

What did the white primary in southern states allow?

A) All races to participate in elections on an equal basis
B) Whites to exclude African Americans from voting in Democratic Party primaries
C) Voters to select ballots for each party based on different skin colors
D) African Americans the opportunity to vote for the first time
E) Whites to exclude African Americans from voting in the general elections

Question 30

Homer Plessy attempted to challenge Louisiana's racial segregation policies by doing which of the following?

A) Refusing to move from a "whites-only" Louisiana train car
B) Sitting in at a "whites-only" restaurant
C) Refusing to sit at the back of a New Orleans streetcar
D) Sitting on the ground floor of a public theater, instead of in the balcony
E) Sending his daughter for treatment to a superior "whites-only" hospital

Question 31

President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order in 1948 that ordered the dismantling of authorized racial segregation of the armed forces. What is this an example of?

A) The separate-but-equal doctrine
B) Gerrymandering
C) Racial profiling
D) Disenfranchisement
E) Desegregation

Question 32

The use of which of the following proved instrumental in bringing about the integration of lunch counters, buses, and trains?

A) Sit-ins
B) Roadblocks at night in rural areas
C) Court injunctions that prohibited interstate travel in areas threatened by violence
D) The threat of armed force
E) Public demonstrations featuring violence against whites

Question 33

The white primary was in effect until the Supreme Court ruled it a constitutional violation in what year?

A) 1865
B) 1897
C) 1921
D) 1944
E) 1979

Question 34

In December 1955, who did police arrest for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white person?

A) Alice Wallace
B) Judy Meredith
C) Linda Brown
D) Rosa Parks
E) Elizabeth Marshall

Question 35

Media coverage of which event played a key role in ending unjust Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

A) 1962 riots at the University of Mississippi
B) 1955 boycott of the Montgomery, Alabama, bus line
C) 1965 assassination of Malcolm X
D) 1963 protests in Birmingham
E) 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

Question 36

What did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. advocate as a means to achieve racial justice?

A) Violence
B) Nonviolent civil disobedience
C) Race riots
D) Enforcing segregation and creating superior public services for blacks
E) Black militancy

Question 37

An individual who participates in freedom rides and sit-ins as a means to achieve racial justice is using what philosophy or approach to solving the problem?

A) Black power
B) Court actions
C) Integration
D) Civil disobedience
E) Legislative actions

Question 38

Consider a lawmaker in South Carolina after the Civil War. This individual just witnessed the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments by Congress and is now working with colleagues to pass laws that will limit the civil rights of African Americans and regulate their labor. What type of legislation is this lawmaker trying to pass in South Carolina?

A) Abolition codes
B) Black codes
C) Blockade laws
D) Jim Crow laws
E) Supremacy codes

Question 39

Businesses refusing to serve or hire people on the basis of their race, sex, sexual orientation, or national orientation is an example of which of the following?

A) Freedom of choice
B) Private discrimination
C) Legal discrimination
D) Public discrimination
E) Private choice

Question 40

What were the tests commonly administered as a precondition for voting called?

A) Poll tests
B) Constitutional exams
C) Literacy tests
D) Primary tests
E) Registration tests

Question 41

What was the goal of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention?

A) Promote issues based on the notion that men and women are created equal
B) Debate the possibility of seceding from the United States to restrictions on slave trade
C) Create a women's manifesto discussing temperance, abolition, and suffrage
D) Discuss strategies for the abolition of slavery
E) Plan strategies that would advance rights for homosexual individuals and same-sex couples

Question 42

In what year did women get the right to vote nationally?

A) 1897
B) 1911
C) 1920
D) 1967
E) 1973

Question 43

If you wanted to work for the reelection of the first female African American elected to the U.S. Senate, whose campaign team would you have joined?

A) Carol Moseley Braun
B) Mia Love
C) Gwen Ifill
D) Karen Bass
E) Kamala Harris

Question 44

What led to the disbanding of the American Equal Rights Association and the subsequent formation of two rival women's suffrage organizations?

A) The failure to include women in the Fifteenth Amendment
B) The outbreak of the Civil War
C) The ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment
D) The passage of the Fourteenth Amendment
E) The conclusion of the Civil War

Question 45

Consider an individual who experienced discrimination in the United States in the early 1960s. The discrimination this person experienced became illegal thanks to the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Which of the following statements is accurate?

A) This person experienced discrimination in employment.
B) This person experienced discrimination in public accommodations.
C) This person experienced discrimination in housing.
D) This person was Native American.
E) This person was homosexual.

Question 46

While the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was proposed in 1923, it did not get through Congress until what year?

A) 1925
B) 1945
C) 1953
D) 1972
E) 2012

Question 47

Supporters of the women's suffrage movement in the late 1860s who viewed it as a means to secure the votes necessary to prohibit the sales of alcohol may have been more likely to join which of the following groups?

A) National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
B) American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)
C) American Equal Rights Association (AERA)
D) Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
E) National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Question 48

Which of the following more accurately reflects the beliefs of Americans regarding race relations in 2016 as compared to 2008?

A) Those believing that race relations were good declined slightly.
B) Those believing that race relations were good increased slightly.
C) Those believing that race relations were good declined dramatically.
D) Those believing that race relations were good increased dramatically.
E) Those believing that race relations were good remained about the same.

Question 49

If you were a member of Alice Paul's Silent Sentinels in the 1910s, where would you have picketed in support of women's right to vote?

A) The White House
B) The Supreme Court
C) Major factories in the garment industry
D) The Washington Monument
E) Congress

Question 50

Those advocating for women's suffrage, including Susan B. Anthony, were working primarily for what goal?

A) The prohibition of the sale and consumption of alcohol
B) Women's right to vote
C) The prohibition of so-called "marriage laws" giving husbands control over women's property
D) Women's right to free public education
E) The opportunity to work at male-dominated jobs

Question 51

Though the civil rights movement focused primarily on the rights of this group, it had what added effect?

A) African Americans; benefiting nearly all minority groups
B) Women; benefiting gay Americans as well
C) Latinos; benefiting African Americans
D) African Americans; strengthening the disenfranchisement of other racial minorities
E) Women; strengthening the disenfranchisement of gay Americans

Question 52

Those who were supporters of the women's suffrage movement in the late 1860s because they saw it as a way to improve the economic and social situation of women in the United States may have been more likely to join which of the following groups?

A) National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
B) American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)
C) American Equal Rights Association (AERA)
D) Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
E) National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Question 53

The second wave, or modern women's movement, gained momentum in 1963 from which of the following?

A) The successful passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
B) The publication of The Feminine Mystique
C) The implementation of the Voting Rights Act
D) The appointment of Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor
E) The rescission of the combat exclusion for women

Question 54

If you want to adopt the approach to fighting injustice used by Malcolm X, which of the following activities would you be most likely to undertake?

A) Join a militant group to fight back
B) Stage a sit-in
C) Participate in a march
D) Hold rallies
E) Start an awareness campaign on social media

Question 55

Which of the following used an approach that differed from that used by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., when it came to fighting unjust laws affecting African Americans?

A) Susan B. Anthony
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) Lyndon Johnson
E) Malcolm X

Question 56

Which of the following was a major outcome of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

A) The elimination of discriminatory voter registration tests
B) The establishment of federal voter registrars
C) The establishment of federally administered voter registration procedures
D) Limitations on the abilities of counties in the South to change voter registration procedures without federal approval
E) All of these are correct.

Question 57

Which of the following is banned by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A) Only governmental acts of discrimination
B) Only discrimination by educational institutions
C) Private and governmental acts of discrimination
D) Only discrimination against women and African Americans
E) Only private discrimination

Question 58

What did the Nineteenth Amendment do?

A) End racial segregation in the United States
B) Abolish slavery
C) Eliminate racial restrictions on voting
D) Expand the right to vote to women
E) Set the minimum voting age to 18

Question 59

Which of the following is accurate regarding the efforts to amend the Constitution to include an Equal Rights Amendment for women?

A) It has never made it through the congressional amendment proposal process.
B) It has passed through Congress, but failed ratification in the states.
C) It was proposed as a part of the Bill of Rights, but failed to be ratified.
D) It was ratified by the states in 1972, after passing through Congress.
E) It is largely seen as unnecessary, now that women's incomes are equal to those of men.

Question 60

What is the expectation that citizens may not be discriminated against on account of race, gender, or national background and should have an equal chance to succeed in life called?

A) Equality of opportunity
B) Equality of chance
C) Equality of outcome
D) Equality of circumstance
E) Equality of government

Question 61

If legislators want to create a law that will pass strict scrutiny, they must be certain that the law does which of the following?

A) Be justified by a compelling government interest
B) Be broadly tailored to meet multiple government interests
C) Be rationally related to a government interest
D) Be the most restrictive means to accomplish the goal
E) Be supported by a large majority of citizens

Question 62

Your company does not allow female members of its national sales force to travel to cities with high crime rates and assigns those territories to men. What is true of this policy?

A) It is sexual harassment.
B) It is gender discrimination.
C) It violates Title IV.
D) It violates the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
E) It is illegal because your company is a private corporation, but this would be allowed for a government agency.

Question 63

The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual harassment is sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act under what circumstances?

A) It results in psychological or emotional injury to the target of the harassment.
B) The target of the harassment objects a second time to touching, body language, or inappropriate comments.
C) The initiator of the harassment is in a position of authority to the target of the harassment.
D) The workplace environment becomes hostile or abusive.
E) An employee can no longer satisfactorily complete his or her job.

Question 64

Given current demographic trends, which group will become increasingly important in the nation's political system?

A) African Americans
B) Hispanics, or Latinos
C) Native Americans
D) Asians
E) Whites

Question 65

If you wanted to be involved in political organizing to help increase local minority representation for Latinos, which of the following groups would you join?

A) The La Raza Unida Party
B) The Progressive Party
C) Pete Hernandez Association
D) The Tea Party
E) African American Democrats

Question 66

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court ruling state that children have a right to a bilingual education?

A) Hernandez v. Texas
B) Lau v. Nichols
C) Bakke v. California
D) Plessy v. Ferguson
E) Smith v. Allwright

Question 67

Today, girls can participate in many different sports in high school and have the opportunity to earn collegiate athletic scholarships. This is in large part due to which of the following?

A) The Equal Rights Amendment
B) The Equal Rights Act of 1964
C) Title IX
D) Title VII
E) The Nineteenth Amendment

Question 68

What is the fastest growing and largest ethnic group in the United States today?

A) Middle Easterners
B) African Americans
C) Latinos
D) Eastern Europeans
E) East Asians

Question 69

Which of the following statements regarding the population of unauthorized immigrants in the United States is true?

A) It is about 500,000 and increasing.
B) It is about 1 million and stable.
C) It is about 7 million and declining.
D) It is about 11 million and stable.
E) It is about 32 million and increasing.

Question 70

What was the trend of affirmative action programs in the 1980s and 1990s?

A) To have Congress increase the number of affirmative action programs
B) To take race as a factor only in private sector employment opportunities
C) To require a quota system for college admissions
D) To eliminate requirements for federally funded affirmative action programs
E) To face challenges in court on the legality of existing laws surrounding affirmative action programs

Question 71

Marches in 2006 by members of the Hispanic community were most likely staged to bring about which of the following changes?

A) New policies governing border patrolling
B) The extension of citizenship to illegal immigrants
C) The arrest of civilians acting independently to police borders
D) The extension of Fourteenth Amendment guarantees to Hispanics
E) The provision of free medical and social services to all illegal immigrants

Question 72

A woman can serve in the military and drive a tank thanks to which of the following actions?

A) The rescission of the combat exclusion in 2013
B) The passage of the ERA by Congress in 1972
C) The ratification of the ERA by the states in 1972
D) The passage of Title IX of the Civil Rights Act in 1972
E) The inclusion of Title VII in the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 73

The Court has created three standards of review to determine if a law is discriminatory. What is the toughest of these standards, requiring that a law be narrowly tailored, called?

A) Heightened scrutiny
B) Strict scrutiny
C) Elevated scrutiny
D) Rational basis
E) Normal basis

Question 74

Approximately how many unauthorized immigrants are living in the United States today?

A) 11 to 12 million
B) 100 to 110 million
C) 200 to 210 million
D) 1 to 2 million
E) 35 to 40 million

Question 75

You work for an employer who applies affirmative action in its hiring practices. This means your company does which of the following?

A) Gives special preferences to disadvantaged groups
B) Sets strict quotas for the number of minorities it will hire
C) Guarantees that a woman must be hired for the next job opening
D) Disregards disadvantaged status, all other things being equal
E) Hires based on minority status, rather than qualifications

Question 76

The Supreme Court ruling in which of the following cases ensures that the accused will be tried by a jury that is chosen without regard to race or ethnicity?

A) Hernandez v. Texas
B) Lau v. Nichols
C) Bakke v. California
D) Plessy v. Ferguson
E) Smith v. Allwright

Question 77

What did the Equal Pay Act of 1963 do?

A) Require employers to provide equal pay for substantially equal work
B) Require employers to re-grade the pay scales for comparable but different jobs held by women and men to make them more equitable
C) Require that employers promote more women into managerial positions
D) Allow for either men or women with the same job responsibilities to be paid more if they are the primary wage earner for their families
E) All of these are correct.

Question 78

By August 1920, with effective lobbying by suffragist groups, three-quarters of the states ratified which amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote in the November 1920 presidential election?

A) Thirteenth
B) Fourteenth
C) Fifteenth
D) Nineteenth
E) Twenty-First

Question 79

What act passed by Congress in 1963 prohibits employers from paying different wages for the same job on account of sex?

A) Equal Rights Amendment
B) Pay Equality Act
C) Equal Pay for Equal Work Act
D) Civil Rights Act
E) Equal Pay Act

Question 80

A university uses an admissions policy that gives special consideration to traditionally disadvantaged groups to overcome the present effects of past discrimination. The university is applying which of the following?

A) Affirmative action
B) Legislative mandate
C) Civil liberties
D) Strict scrutiny
E) White primaries