Question 1

How many standard deviations below the mean bone-mineral density of a young-adult reference population define osteoporosis diagnostically?&#10;A) 1.5&#10;B) 2.5&#10;C) 3.5&#10;D) 4.5

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is diagnostically defined as a bone mineral density that is 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean of a young-adult reference population.

Question 2

Trina has been diagnosed with osteoporosis. The disease occurred in her gradually as she aged and became evident only after she entered menopause. Which type of osteoporosis does Trina have?&#10;A) Primary&#10;B) Secondary&#10;C) Tertiary&#10;D) Quaternary

Accepted Answer

Trina has primary osteoporosis, which typically develops in women after menopause due to lower estrogen levels affecting bone density. This type of osteoporosis is not caused by other diseases or medications but is related to aging and hormonal changes.

Question 3

At what age does peak bone mass occur in women?&#10;A) 20 to 25 years&#10;B) 30 to 35 years&#10;C) 40 to 45 years&#10;D) 50 to 55 years

Accepted Answer

Peak bone mass in women typically occurs between the ages of 30 to 35 years.

Question 4

After the age of 35 years, bone formation occurs in response only to which of the following? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Secretion of growth hormone&#10;B) Osteoclast activity&#10;C) Functional load stress exerted on bone&#10;D) Decrease in estrogen&#10;E) Decrease in progesterone

Accepted Answer

- Osteoclast activity is involved in bone resorption, which indirectly stimulates bone formation through a process called coupling. Functional load stress on bone stimulates bone remodeling, including formation, to adapt to mechanical demands.

Question 5

Sandra is concerned about her risk for developing osteoporosis and wants to know what she can do to help prevent it. Which of the following should be mentioned by the nurse as examples of potentially modifiable risk factors? (Select all that apply.)

A) Amenorrhea related to an eating disorder
B) Weight greater than 127 lb
C) Cigarette smoking
D) Low estrogen level
E) Sedentary lifestyle

Accepted Answer

Amenorrhea related to an eating disorder, cigarette smoking, low estrogen levels, and a sedentary lifestyle are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis. Weight greater than 127 lb is not typically considered a risk factor for osteoporosis.

Question 6

Which of the following are nonmodifiable risk factors associated with osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Advanced age&#10;B) Dementia&#10;C) A history of fractures&#10;D) Poor nutrition&#10;E) Sedentary lifestyle

Accepted Answer

Advanced age, dementia, and a history of fractures are nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis, meaning they cannot be changed or controlled.

Question 7

Which of the following reveal the presence of painless vertebral compression fractures associated with osteoporosis?&#10;A) Increase in waist circumference&#10;B) Reduction in height&#10;C) Increase in body mass index (BMI)&#10;D) Decrease in orthostatic blood pressure

Accepted Answer

Reduction in height is a common indicator of vertebral compression fractures due to the collapse of vertebrae, which is often painless and associated with osteoporosis.

Question 8

Which of the following should be stressed as an adequate intake for a client by a nurse practitioner providing the client with nutrition guidance related to prevention of osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

A) Carbohydrates
B) Calcium
C) Vitamin D
D) Chloride
E) Phosphorus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following should be stressed...

Question 9

A client would like recommendations for weight-bearing or resistance exercises that would be helpful in preventing osteoporosis. Which of the following should the nurse suggest? (Select all that apply.)

A) Walking
B) Water aerobics
C) Weight lifting
D) Swimming
E) Dancing

Accepted Answer

Weight-bearing or resistance exercises such as walking, weight lifting, and dancing are beneficial in preventing osteoporosis because they force the body to work against gravity, which helps in building bone density. Water aerobics and swimming, while excellent for cardiovascular health and low-impact on joints, do not provide the same level of bone-strengthening benefits because the buoyancy of water supports the body's weight, reducing the impact on bones.

Question 10

A woman is interested in initiating oral bisphosphonate therapy to prevent further bone loss. At what T-score is initiating therapy appropriate according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation?&#10;A) -2.0 or less&#10;B) -2.5 or less&#10;C) -3.0 or less&#10;D) -3.5 or less

Accepted Answer

The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends initiating oral bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis prevention in individuals with a T-score of -2.5 or less, indicating significant bone loss.

Deck 35: Osteoporosis