Question 1

Which of the following most accurately characterizes a chronic disease?&#10;A) Develops rapidly&#10;B) Involves an injury&#10;C) Lasts less than 6 months&#10;D) Can be controlled but not cured

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases are conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both. They can often be controlled with treatment, but not cured, making option D the most accurate characterization.

Question 2

Together, heart disease and cancer account for what percentage of all deaths in the United States?&#10;A) 24%&#10;B) 36%&#10;C) 48%&#10;D) 60%

Accepted Answer

Heart disease and cancer are the two leading causes of death in the United States, together accounting for approximately 48% of all deaths.

Question 3

The overall course of a person's experience as a result of an illness over time is known as which of the following?&#10;A) Chronic illness trajectory&#10;B) Chronic illness etiology&#10;C) Chronic illness criteria&#10;D) Chronic illness diagnostics

Accepted Answer

The term "chronic illness trajectory" refers to the pattern or course of a chronic illness over time, including the stages and experiences an individual goes through from the onset of the illness through the various phases of living with the illness.

Question 4

A chronic illness characterized by a persistent, progressive limitation of air flow caused by an inflammatory response in the airways and lungs to noxious particles and gases is known as which of the following?

A) Asthma
B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C) Lupus
D) Crohn's disease

Accepted Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a persistent, progressive limitation of airflow, which is associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. Asthma, while also involving airway inflammation, is typically more variable in its presentation and not necessarily progressive. Lupus and Crohn's disease are autoimmune conditions affecting multiple systems and the gastrointestinal tract, respectively, and do not primarily involve the airflow limitation seen in COPD.

Question 5

Ursula is a 70-year-old client who has recently been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In going over the treatment plan for Ursula, the nurse should mention which of the following as likely interventions? (Select all that apply.)

A) Avoidance of rye, wheat, and barley grains
B) Smoking cessation
C) Bronchodilators
D) Inhaled corticosteroids
E) Transcutaneous electrical stimulation

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation is crucial in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as it can help slow the progression of the disease. Bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to help open the airways and reduce inflammation, respectively, which are key in managing COPD symptoms. Avoidance of specific grains and transcutaneous electrical stimulation are not standard interventions for COPD.

Question 6

Lydia is 29-year-old client who has just been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect in Lydia? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Erosion of tooth enamel&#10;B) Heartburn&#10;C) Frequent, loose bowel movements&#10;D) Abdominal cramping&#10;E) Blood and mucus in the stool

Accepted Answer

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the colon and rectum, leading to symptoms such as frequent, loose bowel movements (C), abdominal cramping (D), and the presence of blood and mucus in the stool (E). Erosion of tooth enamel (A) and heartburn (B) are more commonly associated with conditions affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Question 7

Nadine is a 53-year-old client who presents with complaints of blood in her urine, oral ulcers, hair loss, and a butterfly-shaped rash on her face. Laboratory test results indicate anemia and leukopenia. Which condition should the nurse suspect in Nadine?

A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Crohn's disease
C) Systemic lupus erythematous
D) Celiac disease

Accepted Answer

Nadine's symptoms of blood in her urine, oral ulcers, hair loss, butterfly-shaped rash on her face, anemia, and leukopenia are classic signs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems.

Question 8

Elizabeth is a 22-year-old client who complains of severe headaches that are worsened by bright lights and loud sounds and that are often accompanied by nausea. She says it may be related to her diet, but she has not determined what foods trigger it. Which foods should the nurse recommend that Elizabeth avoid? (Select all that apply.)

A) Red wine
B) Blue cheese
C) Wheat
D) Dairy products
E) Coffee

Accepted Answer

Foods and beverages such as red wine, blue cheese, and coffee are known to potentially trigger migraines in susceptible individuals due to substances they contain that can affect blood vessels and neurotransmitters in the brain.

Question 9

Marcia has just been diagnosed with celiac disease. Which grains should the nurse advise Marcia to avoid? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Wheat&#10;B) Quinoa&#10;C) Barley&#10;D) Wild rice&#10;E) Rye

Accepted Answer

Wheat, barley, and rye contain gluten, which individuals with celiac disease must avoid to prevent adverse health effects. Quinoa and wild rice are gluten-free and safe for those with celiac disease.

Question 10

Sandra, a 69-year-old client, presents complaining of joint pain and stiffness in her hands. A physical examination reveals joint erythema, warmth, and edema, along with limited range of motion. The nurse suspects osteoarthritis. What diagnostic test should the nurse perform to confirm this diagnosis?

A) Antinuclear antibody test
B) Bone marrow biopsy
C) X-ray
D) Magnetic resonance imaging scan

Accepted Answer

DX-rays can show the extent of joint damage or changes related to osteoarthritis, such as bone spurs or narrowing of the joint space. MRI scans provide detailed images of soft tissues, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, which can help in assessing the severity of osteoarthritis and ruling out other conditions.

Deck 45: Chronic Illness and Women