Deck 1: Pre-Scientific Psychology

Question 1

The first psychology laboratories in the United States appeared in what decade?

A)1860s
B)1880s
C)1900s
D)1920s

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Assessing personality and ability by measuring the bumps and indentations of a person's head defined the pseudoscience known as

A)physiognomy
B)psychophysics
C)characterology
D)phrenology

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When phrenological exams revealed negative qualities in an individual, the phrenologist would

A)encourage the client to disguise those qualities
B)focus instead on the positive qualities
C)encourage the client to work to improve those qualities
D)Phrenologists never identified negative qualities in their clients; it was bad for business.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The pseudoscience that evaluated a person's personality and abilities based on facial features is

A)physiognomy
B)psychophysics
C)phrenology
D)mesmerism

Question 5

Which of the following pseudosciences was particularly used to validate ethnic stereotypes?

A)mesmerism
B)spiritualism
C)physiognomy
D)new-thought movement

Question 6

It is suggested that mesmerism could be described as the beginnings of _________________ in America.

A)psychology
B)psychiatry
C)psychotherapy
D)vocational counseling

Question 7

The principal activity of spiritualists in their séances was to

A)provide contact with the dead
B)help the recently departed find peace in the afterlife
C)bolster religious beliefs by confirming that there was an afterlife
D)determine the cause of death in cases where the circumstances of the death were mysterious

Question 8

What was the basic premise of what was called the "mind cure" movement, also known as the "new thought" movement?

A)that chemical imbalances in the brain created psychological disturbances
B)that physical healing resided in a person's mental powers
C)that mental illness, like physical illness, was the result of medical causes
D)that spirituality was the key to good physical health

Question 9

The new science of psychology's battle for scientific respectability was partially undermined by a famous psychologist who showed a strong interest in the pseudosciences. Who was he?

A)William James
B)Phineas Quimby
C)Wilhelm Wundt
D)Franz Gall

Question 10

The new science of psychology was established in universities as part of existing departments of philosophy. The philosophical psychology in these departmentswas known as

A)empirical psychology
B)faculty psychology
C)mental philosophy
D)psychophysics

Question 11

Conscience, virtue, religion, love, justice, and civic duty were the subject matter of

A)mental philosophy
B)moral philosophy
C)British empiricism
D)Scottish realism

Question 12

According to John Locke, all knowledge comes from two sources

A)the mind and experience
B)acquired and innate ideas
C)perception and learning
D)sensation and reflection

Question 13

Locke's concept of tabula rasa or the mind as a blank slate

A)emphasized the importance of nativist influences
B)minimized the role of sensation in acquiring knowledge
C)denied the existence of innate ideas
D)meant that thought played the only role in the mind's acquisition of knowledge

Question 14

Contrary to the views of the British empiricists, the Scottish realists argued that

A)innate ideas make up a substantial portion of consciousness
B)psychology could never be an empirical science because the observed and observer would be the same
C)sensation and reflection are the means by which all learning occurs
D)the objects and events of the world are directly knowable

Question 15

Scottish faculty psychology emphasized the importance of

A)reflection
B)free will
C)observation
D)innate faculties

Question 16

Thomas Upham divided mental philosophy into three realms

A)intellect, sensibilities, and will
B)sensations, perceptions, and images
C)thinking, learning, and memory
D)mind, consciousness, and soul

Question 17

What is meant by "a public psychology"?

Question 18

Discuss phrenology, physiognomy mesmerism spiritualists, and mental healers in terms of the psychological services that they offered that would be similar to what professional psychologists provide today

Question 19

Discuss the British and Scottish antecedents that gave rise to American mental philosophy

Question 20

Discuss the ideas of the British empiricists as they laid the foundation for a modern science of psychology

Question 21

The new scientific psychology rejected the public psychologies and mental philosophy described in this chapter. What specific objections would scientific
psychology have raised against each of thos?