Deck 6: The Birth of the New Applied Psychology in America

Question 1

In 1911, the Coca-Cola Company was being sued by the United States government for selling a beverage with a "deleterious ingredient." What was that ingredient?

A)cocaine
B)cannabis
C)alcohol
D)caffeine

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the first couple of decades of the 20th century, the leading opponent in America to applied psychology was

A)James Angell
B)James McKeen Cattell
C)Edward Titchener
D)G.Stanley Hall

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The mental asylums, often called "insane asylums" or "lunatic asylums," first appeared in the United States in the

A)early 1700s
B)late 1700s
C)early 1800s
D)late 1800s

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The earliest psychiatrists in America

A)were superintendents of insane asylums
B)were trained in the psychoanalytic methods espoused by Freud
C)strongly advocated the use of brain surgeries to cure mental illness
D)did not believe that mental illness was curable

Question 5

Treatment in mental asylums in the 1800s typically consisted of occupational therapy, exercise, religious training, and recreation. This treatment program was known as

A)chronic therapy
B)mental therapy
C)acute therapy
D)moral therapy

Question 6

Lightner Witmer is best known for

A)establishing the first psychological clinic in America
B)pioneering research in advertising
C)founding the field of forensic psychology
D)founding the field of rehabilitation psychology

Question 7

Witmer's team approach to clinical psychology typically used a psychologist in conjunction with a

A)physician and social worker
B)minister and social worker
C)psychiatrist and nurse
D)vocational counselor

Question 8

The chronoscope was a device whose purpose was to measure

A)muscle contraction
B)hand steadiness
C)time
D)rate of responding

Question 9

Witmer is generally acknowledged as the founder of both

A)school psychology and counseling psychology
B)clinical psychology and business psychology
C)business psychology and counseling psychology
D)clinical psychology and school psychology

Question 10

The initial foray of psychology into business was in the field of

A)advertising
B)insurance
C)retail sales
D)management

Question 11

Walter Scott's approach to advertising emphasized

A)appeal to thinking
B)suggestibility
C)unconscious appeals
D)marketing research

Question 12

Scott used two advertising techniques in particular, the direct command and

A)consumer behavior studies
B)statistical appeals
C)celebrity endorsement
D)the return coupon

Question 13

Harry Hollingworth's objective approach to advertising emphasized the importance of

A)appealing to suggestibility
B)motivational appeals
C)pretesting advertisements
D)color in advertising

Question 14

Frederick Winslow Taylor was an engineer who believed that there was one right way to do any job. His program was labeled

A)expert efficiency
B)industrial engineering
C)scientific management
D)efficiency by design

Question 15

Psychologist Hugo Münsterberg was especially interested in making good matches between workers and their skills. To make those matches he recommended the use of

A)psychological tests
B)job training
C)vocational counselors
D)efficiency experts

Question 16

Münsterberg conducted some of the earliest research on personnel selection in psychology, work that involved developing tests for the selection of trolley car operators and

A)ship captains
B)lawyers
C)federal judges
D)college professors

Question 17

Lillian Gilbreth is best described as an

A)industrial psychologist
B)engineering psychologist
C)office manager
D)architect

Question 18

The Starch Recognition Procedure measures

A)a consumer's motivation to purchase
B)the effectiveness of a marketing strategy
C)the impact of a sales campaign
D)the readership of advertisements

Question 19

Frank Parsons proposed a three-step program for

A)selecting employees for particular jobs
B)choosing a career
C)evaluating the morale of employees
D)training effective managers

Question 20

One of the principal early roots of modern counseling psychology is

A)psychotherapy
B)school counseling
C)vocational guidance
D)clinical psychology

Question 21

The first translation of the Binet Intelligence Scale for an American audience was done by

A)Lewis Terman
B)Henry H.Goddard
C)William Stern
D)David Wechsler

Question 22

The intelligence quotient relates

A)verbal and quantitative abilities
B)abstract and concrete reasoning
C)mental and chronological ages
D)fluid and crystallized intelligence

Question 23

Hugo Münsterberg pioneered work in several applied psychology areas, including

A)sport psychology
B)school psychology
C)forensic psychology
D)advertising psychology

Question 24

Which of the following areas was NOT one of Münsterberg's areas of interest?

A)movies
B)eyewitness testimony
C)false confessions
D)sport psychology

Question 25

In a discussion of Lightner Witmer's applied psychology, explain why he is considered the founder of both clinical and school psychology

Question 26

Why was scientific psychology's initial foray into the field of business on the subject of advertising? Discuss Scott's and Hollingworth's work in this field.

Question 27

Walter Dill Scott, Hugo Münsterberg, and Lillian Gilbreth were all pioneering industrial psychologists. Discuss their contributions and how they defined psychology's role in the world of business and industry.

Question 28

Intelligence testing would prove to be one of the defining features of American psychology in the 20th century. Describe its origins in the work of Binet, Goddard, and Terman. [Note: You could ask that this discussion include the earlier work of Cattell on anthropometric tests which he considered to be measures of intelligence, see pp. 72-73).]

Question 29

Discuss Münsterberg's pioneering work in forensic psychology. [Note: with some extra research on the part of the students, you could ask them to compare the topics in which Münsterberg was interested with the leading forensic psychology topics today.]

Question 30

American psychology has always been heavily focused on applied topics. What were the various reasons that drew these early scientific psychologists into applied work?