Question 1

The predominant route of HIV transmission is from:&#10;A) vaginal birth.&#10;B) intravenous drug use.&#10;C) breastfeeding.&#10;D) sexual intercourse.

Accepted Answer

The predominant route of transmission of HIV is from sexual intercourse, followed by vertical transmission from mother to baby, breastfeeding, and IV drug use.

Question 2

Which statement about HIV is accurate?&#10;A) Clients who have unprotected anal sex have a lower risk of contracting HIV than those who have vaginal sex.&#10;B) Clients who have unprotected vaginal sex have a lower risk of contracting HIV than those who have oral sex.&#10;C) Clients with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have significantly increased risk of HIV infection.&#10;D) Clients who breastfeed their newborns have a very high risk of transmitting HIV to their baby.

Accepted Answer

The predominant route of HIV transmission is through unprotected sexual intercourse (>75%); followed by vertical transmission from mother to baby, during pregnancy, at birth, or through breastfeeding (5-10%). Certain sexual activities carry a higher risk of infection than others; for example, unprotected anal sex carries a greater risk of infection than either vaginal (Seidlin, Vogler, Lee, Lee, & Dubin, 1993) or oral sex (Coates & Collins, 1998). It is also apparent that the presence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly increases the risk of HIV infection.

Question 3

The nurse is educating a client on how HIV is diagnosed. Which information is accurate and should be included in the discussion?&#10;A) HIV is diagnosed after the initial test.&#10;B) HIV can be diagnosed based on symptoms alone.&#10;C) HIV can only be diagnosed after exhibiting symptoms for 6 months.&#10;D) HIV should be confirmed with one or more additional tests.

Accepted Answer

HIV should be confirmed with at least one additional test, after an initial positive reaction. The client should be diagnosed with HIV without these additional tests.

Question 4

The nurse is assessing a client who may have HIV. Which assessment finding does the nurse expect to find?&#10;A) Unexplained weight gain&#10;B) Increased thirst&#10;C) Feeling sick&#10;D) Frequent oral ulcerations

Accepted Answer

The client may be asymptomatic, but will often have unexplained weight loss and oral ulcerations.

Question 5

Which diagnostic test results would the nurse expect in a client who likely has HIV?&#10;A) Hgb level greater than 12g/dl&#10;B) Glucose level of 300&#10;C) Platelet count of less than 50,000/ mm3&#10;D) Temperature of 100.5 degrees Fahrenheit

Accepted Answer

In the client with a pending HIV diagnosis, the nurse would expect to see a low Hgb and a platelet count of less thank 50,000/mm3.

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a client receiving Efavirenz. Which side effect should the nurse assess for?&#10;A) Weight gain&#10;B) Headache&#10;C) Hallucinations&#10;D) Nightmares

Accepted Answer

Clients receiving Efavirenz may experience nightmares at times. The nurse should assess for this side effect.

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with HIV and is providing education regarding antiretroviral treatment. Which statement by the client indicates that education about has been effective?&#10;A) &#34;I will maintain my current viral load.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;This treatment will help prevent weight loss.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;I will try to have positive life experiences.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;This treatment will help restore and preserve my immune system.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The goal of antiretroviral treatment is to reduce HIV associated morbidity, restore and preserve immunologic function, maximally and durably suppress plasma HIV viral load, and prevent HIV transmission. A client who has successfully understood education may note that treatment will help restore and preserve his or her immune system or immunologic function.

Question 8

When should the nurse expect to start antiretroviral therapy in a client with active tuberculosis?&#10;A) Prior to the initiation of TB treatment&#10;B) 6 months after the completion of TB treatment&#10;C) After a negative chest radiograph&#10;D) After the initiation of TB treatment

Accepted Answer

In a client with active tuberculosis, TB treatment should be started, closely followed by antiretroviral treatment, regardless of CD4 count.

Question 9

A client has been given a diagnosis of HIV. Which laboratory values should the nurse expect to have ordered?&#10;A) Hbg count&#10;B) Fasting glucose&#10;C) CD4 cell count&#10;D) WBC count

Accepted Answer

The nurse should expect to have a CD4 cell count ordered, along with HIV serology and TB screening.

Question 10

The nurse is counseling a client who is preparing to receive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Which lab values should the nurse expect to have ordered?&#10;A) CD4 cell count&#10;B) Platelet count&#10;C) WBC count&#10;D) Fasting glucose level

Accepted Answer

The nurse should expect to have a CD4 cell count ordered for a client who is preparing to receive ART.

Deck 7: Hivaids: Contemporary Interventions