Deck 12: Cancer in Rural Areas

Question 1

The only disease that exceeds cancer as the leading cause of mortality in the United States is:

A) respiratory disease.
B) diabetes.
C) heart disease.
D) cerebrovascular disease.
E) Alzheimer's disease.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following behavioral risk factors lead to higher incidence of cancers except:

A) smoking.
B) alcohol consumption.
C) higher human papillomavirus vaccination rate.
D) physical inactivity.
E) poor diet.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is not true about access to care in rural areas? Rural areas have:

A) shorter travel time.
B) lack medical specialists.
C) reliance on primary care.
D) more patient visits.
E) lower net annual income.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

All are the following are not true about rural African Americans except:

A) they have high healthcare access.
B) they report more physical activity.
C) they are the largest rural minority.
D) they have the lowest cancer rates.
E) they have high healthcare access, and they report more physical activity.

Question 5

All of the following are false about colorectal cancer except:

A) it is the third leading cause of cancer death among men and women.
B) it is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in both sexes combined.
C) risk factors include chronic inflammatory diseases, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
D) it is the third leading cause of cancer death among men, and women and it is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in both sexes combined.
E) it is the third leading cause of cancer death among men and women, and risk factors include chronic inflammatory diseases, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

Question 6

Which of these groups has the lowest incidence of colorectal cancer screening?

A) Hispanics
B) Non- Hispanic Blacks
C) Non- Hispanic Whites
D) Asian Americans
E) Native Americans

Question 7

All of the following are true about risk factors influencing development of prostate cancer among African American men except:

A) high red meat.
B) fewer consumption of fruit and vegetables.
C) chemical exposures.
D) diet rich in riboflavin.
E) sexually transmitted infections.

Question 8

The two major screening tests for prostate cancer are:

A) Prostate Specific Antigen Test (PSA) and Mammography.
B) Mammography and Digital Rectal Examination.
C) Digital Rectal Examination and Prostatectomy.
D) Prostatectomy and Prostate Specific Antigen Test.
E) Prostate Specific Antigen Test (PSA) and Digital Rectal Examination.

Question 9

Which of the following factors most likely led to the decrease in prevalence of cervical cancer in the United States between 2005-2015?

A) Increased physical activity
B) Reduced smoking
C) Improved personal hygiene
D) PAP test
E) Increased HPV vaccination

Question 10

Women between the ages of 21-29 years are expected to take the PAP test every:

A) year.
B) 3 years.
C) 5 years.
D) 6 months.
E) 2 years.

Question 11

Brown, an 11-year old high school girl, was vaccinated with Gardisil 9. She expects this vaccine to protect her against:

A) all forms of HPV.
B) all forms of cervical cancers.
C) 9 strains of HPV.
D) 90% of cervical cancers.
E) 9 strains of HPV and 90% of cervical cancers.

Question 12

Which of the following is a barrier to HPV vaccination?

A) Perception that receiving HPV vaccine may discourage sexual activity among adolescents
B) Awareness of the need for vaccine
C) Discomfort resulting from vaccination
D) Concerns about vaccine safety
E) Perception that receiving HPV vaccine may discourage sexual activity among adolescents and awareness of the need for vaccine

Question 13

All of the following groups of people should be screened for lung cancer according to the United States Preventive Services Task Force except:

A) individuals with a history of heavy smoking.
B) people who have quit smoking in the past 15 years and are 50-80 years old.
C) people who currently smoke.
D) passive smokers.
E) individuals with a history of heavy smoking, people who have quit smoking in the past 15 years and are 50-80 years old, and people who currently smoke.

Question 14

What is the meaning of the acronym, SEER?

A) Surveillance of Epidemic End Result
B) Statistical Evaluation of Evidenced-based Research
C) Systematic and Empirical Evaluation of Results
D) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
E) None of these is correct.

Question 15

Cancer can be defined as a collection of related diseases caused by the body's controlled division of cells.

Question 16

Rural areas have lower overall cancer incidence compared to urban areas.

Question 17

Rural residents in the United States tend to be older, sicker, and less likely to be underinsured than their urban counterparts.

Question 18

Rural American communities are increasingly becoming less diverse.

Question 19

Rural-urban differences in colorectal cancer incidence and death rate requires an implementation of evidence-based interventions at both the individual and population levels.

Question 20

Rural areas have lower rates of prostate cancer but higher rates of death due to prostate cancer.

Question 21

Studies have shown an inverse relationship between socio-economic status and prostate cancer mortality.

Question 22

Lack of understanding, tradition, mistrust in the system, fear, and threat to manhood are factors that can hardly affect prostate cancer and screening among rural African Americans.

Question 23

Screening for lung cancer involves high dose computed tomography.

Question 24

There is a direct association between smoking and prostate cancer.

Question 25

Unstaged cancer has been linked to lower survival rates than early stage cancer.

Question 26

Fifteen thousand people aged twenty and younger are diagnosed with cancer annually.

Question 27

The most common childhood cancers are bone cancer and Wilm's tumor.

Question 28

Assets of living in rural communities include aesthetic beauty and physical environments that may be favorable to outdoor recreational activities, a strong sense of community, extended families, and close-knit communities.

Question 29

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for colorectal cancer using fecal occult blood testing only beginning at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 years.

Question 30

Studies have shown that rates of childhood cancers do not differ significantly among rural/urban residence. Explain why this is the case.

Question 31

Describe three (3) strategies used in cancer prevention and control.

Question 32

Explain three (3) policies and programs that can be put in place to reduce the incidence of lung cancer.

Question 33

Briefly describe how HPV tests and vaccination can be improved in rural areas.

Question 34

There have been several concerns about HPV vaccine safety especially in rural areas. Discuss how these concerns can be addressed.