Deck 15: Special Senses

Question 1

Which of the following special senses contains mitral cells?

A) Sense of hearing
B) Sense of sight
C) Sense of smell
D) Sense of equilibrium
E) Sense of taste

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about olfaction?

A) It occurs when a molecule binds to the surface of an olfactory cilium.
B) It occurs when molecules responsible for odor are transported to the cerebrum by the axoplasmic flow.
C) It occurs when pressure is applied to the olfactory cilia.
D) It occurs when potassium and sodium channels are closed by a chemical stimulus.
E) It occurs when molecules enter specialized olfactory cells.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An adult has approximately how many taste buds?

A) 300 to 1,000
B) 2,000 to 10,000
C) 10,000 to 30,000
D) 300,000
E) 600,000

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is the taste sensation that responds to monosodium glutamate?

A) Saltiness
B) Sourness
C) Bitterness
D) Sweetness
E) Deliciousness

Question 5

Which of the following layers makes up the olfactory organs?

A) Lamina propria
B) Olfactory glomeruli
C) Olfactory receptors
D) Olfactory epithelium
E) Basal layer

Question 6

Which of the following cranial nerves carries taste impulses from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

A) Oral nerve
B) Cranial nerve II
C) Cranial nerve V
D) Cranial nerve VII
E) Cranial nerve VIII

Question 7

Which of the following are the basic receptors in the inner ear?

A) Supporting cells
B) Ampullae
C) Saccules
D) Hair cells
E) Utricles

Question 8

Which of the following parts of the ear conveys information about body position with respect to gravity?

A) Oval window
B) Ampulla
C) Auricle
D) Cochlea
E) Utricle

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the lacrimal glands?

A) Produce tears
B) Located in the pockets of the frontal bones
C) Flow mucus into the nasolacrimal duct
D) Contain an enzyme called renin
E) Produce sebum

Question 10

Which of the following describes the ceruminous glands?

A) Found in the medial corners of the eye
B) Found in the lateral corners of the eye
C) Modified taste buds
D) Modified apocrine sweat glands
E) Saliva glands found at the base of the tongue

Question 11

Which of the following structures of the ear functions to amplify the force of vibrations?

A) Cochlea
B) Maculae
C) Utricles
D) Oval window
E) Auditory ossicles

Question 12

Abnormal blind spots in the field of vision at areas other than the optic disc are called which of the following?

A) Floaters
B) Scotomas
C) Optic radiations
D) Otoliths
E) Macules

Question 13

Olfactory information is routed to which of the following parts of the brain?

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Cerebrum
C) Frontal lobe
D) Temporal lobe
E) Cerebellum

Question 14

How many semicircular canals are in the inner ear?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 15

Which of the following is the cartilaginous structure that surrounds the external auditory meatus?

A) Ossicle
B) Labyrinth
C) Pinna
D) Saccule
E) Utricle

Question 16

Which of the following terms means "double vision"?

A) Hyperopia
B) Presbyopia
C) Diplopia
D) Myopia
E) Hypopia

Question 17

The posterior third section of the tongue is serviced by which of the following?

A) Chorda tympani of the facial nerve (VII)
B) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
C) Lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
D) Trochlear nerve (IV)
E) Vagus nerve (X)

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about the movement of the cupula in the ampullae of the semicircular canals?

A) Allows the brain to perceive linear acceleration
B) Allows the ears to hear sounds
C) Produces sound
D) Stimulates hair cells, alerting the brain to a change in body position with respect to gravity
E) Stimulates hair cells, alerting the brain to rotational movements

Question 19

The receptors for static equilibrium are located in which of the following?

A) Utricle
B) Cochlear duct
C) Semicircular duct
D) Labyrinth
E) Vestibule

Question 20

Which of the following disorders is indicated by chronic vertigo, nausea, and hearing loss?

A) Conjunctivitis
B) Motion sickness
C) Meniere's syndrome
D) Strabismus
E) Otosclerosis

Question 21

Which of the following parts of the ear contains an ampulla?

A) Labyrinth
B) Ossicle
C) Utricle
D) Semicircular duct
E) Pinna

Question 22

The vibrations received by the ear are amplified by which of the following?

A) Tympanic membrane
B) Auditory ossicles
C) Round window
D) Oval window
E) Cochlea

Question 23

Which of the following is the function of the palpebrae?

A) Supporting the lateral rectus muscles of the eye
B) Covering and protecting the eye
C) Producing tears
D) Connecting the free margins of the upper and lower eyelids
E) Producing a gritty secretion that accumulates in the medial portion of the orbit

Question 24

Which of the following is not a visual pigment of the eye?

A) Melatonin
B) Retinal
C) Opsin
D) Rhodopsin
E) Retinine

Question 25

Which of the following conditions occurs immediately after rotation of the head?

A) Vestibular nystagmus
B) Meniere's syndrome
C) Otosclerosis
D) Conduction deafness
E) Tinnitus

Question 26

Which of the following is the portion of the fibrous layer that is white and opaque?

A) Cornea
B) Choroid
C) Retina
D) Optic nerve
E) Sclera

Question 27

Conduction of sound from the middle ear to the internal ear occurs via vibration of which of the following?

A) Stapes against the tympanic membrane
B) Incus in the round window
C) Malleus against the oval window
D) Stapes in the oval window
E) Malleus against the tympanic membrane

Question 28

Which of the following is true about otoliths (ear stones)?

A) They are rock-hard petrous temporal bones.
B) They are important in equilibrium.
C) They are a type of hearing aid.
D) They are important in hearing.
E) They can cause deafness.

Question 29

Blockage of the scleral venous sinus might result in which of the following?

A) Sty
B) Cataract
C) Glaucoma
D) Conjunctivitis
E) Macular degeneration

Question 30

The ciliary body develops anteriorly from which of the following?

A) Sclera
B) Lens
C) Retina
D) Ora serrata
E) Choroid

Question 31

Taste buds are not found on which of the following?

A) Palate
B) Trachea
C) Posterior part of the tongue
D) Anterior part of the tongue
E) Larynx

Question 32

Olfactory tract damage may affect your ability to do which of the following?

A) Feel pain
B) Feel cold
C) Hear
D) Smell
E) See

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of dark adaptation?

A) When rods exposed to intense light need time to generate rhodopsin
B) When cones are stimulated to function by bright light
C) When rhodopsin does not function in dim light
D) When cones are missing
E) When rhodopsin breakdown occurs slowly

Question 34

Which of the following cells in the olfactory bulb act as "local integrators" of olfactory inputs?

A) Supporting cells
B) Mitral cells
C) Amacrine granule cells
D) Olfactory stem cells
E) Oligodendrocytes

Question 35

Which of the following cranial nerves controls the superior oblique muscles of the eye?

A) Oculomotor
B) Abducens
C) Facial
D) Trochlear
E) Vagus

Question 36

The tympanic membrane is also called the __________.

Question 37

The middle layer of the eye includes the choroid coat, ciliary body, and __________.

Question 38

Most taste buds are found on the surface of the tongue, with tiny elevations called __________.

Question 39

Taste cells are also called __________ epithelial cells.

Question 40

Meniere's syndrome may be caused by excessive __________.

Question 41

__________ glands are large glands located along the margin of the eyelid and secrete a lipid-rich product.

Question 42

The vestibular apparatus contains the __________ receptors in the semicircular canals and vestibule.

Question 43

The free surface of every hair cell supports up to 100 long __________.

Question 44

Approximately 70% of all sensory receptors are found in the __________.

Question 45

The eyelids are separated by the palpebral fissure, and are connected at the medial canthus and __________ canthus.

Question 46

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva that is also known as __________.

Question 47

The orbicularis oculi closes the eye and is controlled by the __________ nerve.

Question 48

Diplopia may be caused by paralysis of specific extrinsic muscles, and is commonly known as __________ vision.

Question 49

The uvea includes the __________, ciliary body, and iris.

Question 50

The receptors of both smell and __________ are chemoreceptors.

Question 51

Taste buds are found on the tops of mushroom-shaped fungiform __________.

Question 52

A funnel-shaped structure composed of elastic cartilage in the ear is called the __________.

Question 53

The three types of cones are referred to as red cones, __________ cones, and blue cones.

Question 54

The outer layer of the eye is the choroid coat.

Question 55

The pupil is the round central opening of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

Question 56

The sclera makes up most of the outer layer of the eye.

Question 57

A newborn baby usually has a darker iris color because the iris contains more pigment.

Question 58

The cochlea is a snail-shaped and conical chamber that links the anterior vestibule.

Question 59

The auricle of the external ear is also called the helix.

Question 60

Rhodopsin is a light-sensitive biochemical in rods that is also known as visual purple.

Question 61

The superior rectus muscle of the eye is controlled by the oculomotor nerve.

Question 62

The osseous labyrinth is a bony canal inside the occipital bone.

Question 63

The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane lining the inner ear.

Question 64

Strabismus is a condition in which the affected eye rotates medially or laterally.

Question 65

The portion of the retina that produces the sharpest vision is called the fundus.

Question 66

An average adult has between 2,000 and 10,000 taste buds.

Question 67

The hammer (malleus) bone is attached to the oval window.

Question 68

The tympanic cavity is located in the external ear and is attached to the eardrum.

Question 69

Perilymph and endolymph fluid are found in the membranous labyrinth.

Question 70

Every hair cell in the vestibule has a single large cilium known as a kinocilium.

Question 71

The superior rectus and medial rectus muscles of the eye are innervated by the trochlear nerve.

Question 72

The hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the organ of Corti.