Deck 21: Respiratory System

Question 1

Which of the following is a space inside the flexible nasal tissues of the external nose?

A) Nasal septum
B) Glottis
C) Nasopharynx
D) Vestibule
E) Internal chamber

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following are the main sites of gas exchange in the pulmonary tract?

A) Respiratory bronchioles
B) Alveolar ducts
C) Alveolar sacs
D) Alveoli
E) Surface tension

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Vocal ligaments are attached to which of the following?

A) Thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
B) Corniculate and thyroid cartilages
C) The epiglottis and the cuneiform cartilages
D) Arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis
E) Hyaline and cricoid cartilages

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is the cartilage that articulates with the superior border of the enlarged portion of the cricoid cartilage?

A) Corniculate
B) Cuneiform
C) Arytenoid
D) Cricoid
E) Thyroid

Question 5

The average respiratory rate in a normal adult is:

A) 8 to 14 respirations per minute.
B) 12 to 15 respirations per minute.
C) 20 to 24 respirations per minute.
D) 26 to 32 respirations per minute.
E) 26 to 40 respirations per minute.

Question 6

The right lung is divided into how many lobes?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 7

The primary bronchi are found near the level of which thoracic vertebra?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fifth
E) Seventh

Question 8

The dead space has a volume of approximately:

A) 50 mL.
B) 100 mL.
C) 150 mL.
D) 250 mL.
E) 400 mL.

Question 9

The respiratory membrane consists primarily of which of the following?

A) Surfactant cells
B) Simple squamous epithelium
C) Moist cuboidal epithelium
D) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
E) Ciliated squamous epithelium

Question 10

Which of the following cells are known as alveolar macrophages?

A) Type I alveolar cells
B) Type II alveolar cells
C) Dust cells
D) Kupffer cells
E) Stellate cells

Question 11

Which of the following is true about paranasal sinuses?

A) Transport air to the larynx
B) Conduct air from the trachea to the alveoli
C) Produce sounds and moisten incoming air
D) Serve as resonant chambers
E) Transport air to the pharynx

Question 12

Which of the following laws states that "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the pressure exerted independently by each gas"?

A) Dalton's law
B) Charles' law
C) Henry's law
D) Frank's law
E) Boyle's law

Question 13

Sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle tissue layer in the bronchioles causes which of the following?

A) An increase in tidal volume
B) Decreased respiratory rates
C) Bronchodilation
D) A relaxation of muscle tone
E) Bronchoconstriction

Question 14

Which of the following factors does not affect the rate of external respiration?

A) Volume of the alveolus
B) Solubility of oxygen in plasma
C) PO₂ of the alveoli
D) PCO₂ of the blood
E) Thickness of the respiratory membrane

Question 15

Which of the following muscles cannot elevate the ribs?

A) External intercostals
B) Serratus anterior
C) Scalenes
D) External oblique
E) Sternocleidomastoid

Question 16

Which of the following muscles is not involved in expiration?

A) External oblique
B) Internal intercostals
C) Internal oblique
D) Scalenes
E) Rectus abdominis

Question 17

Normal breathing is called:

A) eupnea.
B) apnea.
C) anoxia.
D) abdominal breathing.
E) costal breathing.

Question 18

Which of the following results from the inadequate production of surfactant and associated alveolar collapse?

A) COPD
B) Pneumothorax
C) Respiratory distress syndrome
D) Anoxia
E) Pulmonary embolism

Question 19

Which of the following terms means an enlargement of respiratory passageways?

A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Respiratory distress syndrome
C) Bronchodilation
D) COPD
E) Anoxia

Question 20

Which percentage of air movement in normal, at-rest breathing results from diaphragm contraction?

A) 75%
B) 60%
C) 50%
D) 25%
E) 15%

Question 21

Which of the following is true about the partial pressure of oxygen?

A) It is higher in the tissues.
B) It is higher in the right atrium.
C) It is lower in the blood.
D) It is lower in the tissues.
E) It is lower in the left atrium.

Question 22

The relationship between pH and the hemoglobin saturation curve is called:

A) the Bohr effect.
B) the Haldane effect.
C) the release of hydrogen ions.
D) Henry's law.
E) chloride shifting.

Question 23

Which of the following occurs when a newborn, at birth, takes its first breaths?

A) Very little air enters the alveoli.
B) The pressure in the lungs decreases.
C) After each expiration, the alveoli collapse.
D) The resistance in the pulmonary arteries increases.
E) Changes in blood flow cause the foramen ovale to open.

Question 24

Roughly how many terminal bronchioles arise from each tertiary bronchus?

A) 1,200
B) 3,500
C) 4,500
D) 6,500
E) 12,000

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true about the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

A) It is altered based on how much carbon dioxide exists.
B) It is altered based on how much oxygen saturation exists.
C) It is saturated with low hemoglobin.
D) It is saturated with nitrogen gas in the alveoli.
E) It is saturated with hydrogen chloride.

Question 26

Which of the following is present in the highest amount in the air?

A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Hilum
D) Ozone
E) Nitrogen

Question 27

Hyperventilation should never be used to help hold the breath during swimming because it may cause which of the following?

A) Hypertension while under water
B) Loss of consciousness while under water
C) Hypoglycemia while under water
D) Increased numbers of red blood cells
E) Decreased amount of hemoglobin

Question 28

Which of the following occurs in emphysema?

A) Inflammation of the pleura
B) Accumulation of pus in the lungs
C) Destruction of the alveoli and bronchioles
D) Leakage of fluid in the alveoli
E) Inability to control body wastes

Question 29

Terminal bronchioles are lined with __________ epithelium.

Question 30

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a pneumothorax is termed __________ volume.

Question 31

Deep breathing is also known as __________ breathing.

Question 32

Costal breathing is also known as __________ breathing.

Question 33

Surfactant is a mix of lipids and __________ that resembles a detergent in its effects.

Question 34

The abundance of __________ in the lungs gives them an open, spongy appearance.

Question 35

The process of using oxygen and carbon dioxide at the __________ levels is called cellular respiration.

Question 36

The lower respiratory tract includes the __________, trachea, and lungs.

Question 37

The respiratory mucosa is pseudostratified epithelium, containing many scattered, mucus-secreting __________ cells.

Question 38

The oropharynx contains two palatine tonsils as well as the __________ tonsil.

Question 39

All the laryngeal cartilages, except for the epiglottis, are __________ cartilages.

Question 40

Sound waves are produced as air passes through the __________ and vibrates the vocal folds.

Question 41

Bronchoconstriction is caused by __________ activation, and airway diameters are reduced.

Question 42

Deoxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary __________, which enter the lungs at the hilum.

Question 43

Most of the structure of the lungs contains air spaces, with the remainder being called __________, consisting of primarily elastic connective tissue.

Question 44

The __________ pleura forms part of the mediastinum and lines the inner thoracic cavity.

Question 45

The cartilage that serves as a base of the larynx is arytenoid cartilage.

Question 46

The cartilages that lie in a fold of tissue extending between the lateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis are the cuneiform cartilages.

Question 47

Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the internal intercostals.

Question 48

The term "hypercapnia" refers to an increase in the PO₂.

Question 49

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the apneustic center.

Question 50

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the right primary bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

Question 51

Determination of blood gases includes testing for PCO₂, PO₂, and pH.

Question 52

The average individual has 800 mL of residual volume in his lungs.

Question 53

The layer of serous membrane attached to each lung surface is called the visceral pleura.

Question 54

The right and left lungs are separated medially by the diaphragm.

Question 55

The trachea is a cylindrical tube with a length of approximately four inches.

Question 56

Additional air that enters the lungs due to forced inspiration is called hyperventilation.

Question 57

The combination of oxygen that dissolves in blood and the iron atoms of hemoglobin is called carbaminohemoglobin.

Question 58

Bronchi have less cartilage than the trachea, and bronchioles have no cartilage.

Question 59

At sea level, normal air pressure is equal to 35 mm Hg.

Question 60

An instrument for measuring the air taken into and out of the lungs is called a spirometer.

Question 61

Prolonged breath holding causes abnormally low blood oxygen levels.

Question 62

The pleura allow the lungs to inflate and deflate without friction.